Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2017 Title: 2-meter bathymetric data collected in 2012 by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Connecticut River during field activity 2012-024-FA (bathymetry and depth-colored hillshade relief GeoTIFFs) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7PG1Q7V Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/bathymetry/2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Seth D. Ackerman Originator: David S. Foster Originator: Eric M. Moore Originator: Barry J. Irwin Originator: Dann S. Blackwood Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood Publication_Date: 2017 Title: High-Resolution Geophysical and Sampling Data Collected at the Mouth of the Connecticut River, Old Saybrook to Essex, Connecticut, 2012 Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/F7PG1Q7V Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Ackerman S.D., Foster D.S., Moore E.M., Irwin B.J., Blackwood D.S., and Sherwood, C.R., 2017, High-resolution geophysical and sampling data collected at the mouth of the Connecticut River, Old Saybrook to Essex, Connecticut, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V Description: Abstract: A geophysical and geological survey was conducted at the mouth of the Connecticut River from Old Saybrook to Essex, Connecticut, in September 2012. Approximately 230 linear kilometers of digital Chirp subbottom (seismic-reflection) and 234-kilohertz interferometric sonar (bathymetric and backscatter) data were collected along with sediment samples, riverbed photographs, and (or) video at 88 sites within the geophysical survey area. Sediment grab samples were collected at 72 of the 88 sampling sites, video was acquired at 68 sites, and photographs of the river bottom were taken at 38 sites. These survey data are used to characterize the riverbed by identifying sediment-texture and riverbed morphology. More information can be found on the web page for the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2012-024-FA. Data collected during the 2012 survey can be obtained here: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V. Purpose: This gridded bathymetry layer and depth-colored hillshaded image represents approximately 6.3 square kilometers of interferometric sonar (Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. SWATHPlus-M) bathymetry data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Connecticut River in 2012 during USGS field activity 2012-024-FA. These data can be used in conjunction with other geophysical and sample data to identify riverbed morphology and sediment texture. Supplemental_Information: More information can be found on the WHCMSC Field Activity webpage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2012-024-FA. Data collected during the 2012 survey can be obtained here: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20120916 Ending_Date: 20120921 Currentness_Reference: ground condition of survey dates: 20120916-20120921; no bathymetry data were collected on 20120918; see Completeness_Report for more information Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.421933 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.327020 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.391681 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.260310 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:40c65d89-018b-4e3c-a6c9-a8632137b2b6 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: seafloor Theme_Keyword: sea floor Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology Theme_Keyword: field activity 2012-024-FA Theme_Keyword: field activity number 12024 Theme_Keyword: raster Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: hillshaded bathymetry Theme_Keyword: shaded relief bathymetry Theme_Keyword: swath bathymetry Theme_Keyword: interferometry Theme_Keyword: SEA SWATHPlus Theme_Keyword: SEA Submetrix Theme_Keyword: R/V Rafael Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: topography Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics Theme_Keyword: interferometric sonar Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: geomorphology Theme_Keyword: sedimentary environments Theme_Keyword: estuary Theme_Keyword: river Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Connecticut Place_Keyword: Connecticut River Place_Keyword: Long Island Sound Place_Keyword: Old Saybrook Place_Keyword: Essex Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: Seafloor Stratum_Keyword: Sea floor Stratum_Keyword: Riverbed Stratum_Keyword: River bed Stratum_Keyword: Surface Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: 2012 Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: These data are NOT to be used for navigation. Mariners should refer to the appropriate nautical chart. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/bathymetry/2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m_browse.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Depth-colored hillshade image of bathymetry of the Connecticut River Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: This bathymetric surface represents interpolated data at 2-meter per pixel resolution. Bathymetric data were processed to account for gaps that occurred along-track and between adjacent lines. Quality control and data processing were conducted to remove spurious points and reduce speed of sound artifacts (refraction). Soundings from the surveys were processed and edited using Computer Aided Resource Information System (CARIS) Hydrographic Information Processing System (HIPS; vers. 8.0, 8.1, 9.0 and 9.1). Although the soundings were edited, small data spikes may still exist. While much effort was devoted to cleaning the data and minimizing survey artifacts, some artifacts may still be seen in the final gridded bathymetric surface including an along track artifact at nadir (the ship track) and at the far edges of a survey line where adjacent swaths overlap. These artifacts are especially noticeable in areas of little local relief. Completeness_Report: Nearly all quality main survey line bathymetric data (generally surveyed parallel to the riverbank) that were collected within the survey area from the mouth of Connecticut River up river to near Essex, CT were incorporated in this bathymetric surface. Tielines and transit lines were typically excluded from this bathymetric surface, especially if equal or higher quality main survey line data were available. Any tieline and transit line data would be used to verify tide corrections during post-processing. Data from the patch test lines and line 1 (collected in Long Island Sound, not in the river) was imported but not processed and is therefore excluded from these rasters. Time gaps occurred during this field activity where surveying was stopped due to equipment problems (Tuesday 18Sept; JD262). Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: USGS Field Activity 2012-024-FA: Navigation for SWATHplus-M system was acquired with a Coda Octopus F180 Real-time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS); which is accurate to less than 1 meter (typically on the order of centimeters) horizontally. The SWATHplus-M transducers were mounted on a rigid pole on the bow of the R/V Rafael. The RTK-GPS antenna was located on the same pole approximately 2.48 m above the sea surface. Horizontal sounding positions with offsets adjustments were recorded to raw sonar data files (SXR) via SWATHplus acquisition software (version 3.07.17.00). Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: USGS Field Activity 2012-024-FA: Vertical accuracy of the raw data based on system specifications may approximate 1% of water depth. In the Connecticut River survey area, 1% of the water depth (1-16 meters) translates to a vertical accuracy range of 1-16 centimeters. However, overall vertical accuracies on the order of 50-cm or better are assumed based on the following considerations: The Coda Octopus F180 Attitude and Positioning system, used to correct for vessel roll, pitch, heave, and yaw, has a theoretical vertical accuracy of a few mm. Tidal offsets were originally corrected to MLLW using Real-Time Kinematic GPS (RTK-GPS) heights in the HYPACK navigation software during surveying. RTK corrections were acquired from a subscription service called Keynet GPS, using a GNSS internet modem that connected to the network station in Middletown, CT to receive correction values which were applied in HYPACK. The final vertical data presented here are NAVD88 heights, which was achieved by removing the "K" value (height of the geoid above the chart datum) during the process of applying tide correction in the CARIS HIPS/SIPS processing software (see process steps). USGS field tests (unpublished) using submerged targets suggest that the vertical accuracy of the RTK-GPS tidal correction is less than 30cm. Refraction artifacts were minimized by acquiring a range of sound velocity profiles with a hand-casted AML Oceanographic SV Plus V2 (Applied Microsystems) sound velocimeter (for the duration of survey 2012-024-FA). Sound velocity data are entered into the SWATHPlus acquisition software to model the sound velocity structure of the water column. Gridding algorithms and cell sizes for these data could introduce errors as great as 3m along the edges of the data, but gridding-induced errors are likely much smaller (less than 20-cm) for most of the survey area. Changes in ship draft due to water and fuel usage were not considered. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Title: raw bathymetry data Type_of_Source_Media: disc Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20120916 Ending_Date: 20120921 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition during the survey dates: 20120916-20120921; see Completeness_Report for more information Source_Citation_Abbreviation: raw data Source_Contribution: USGS Field Activity 2012-024-FA: A 234 kHz Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. (SEA) SWATHplus-M interferometric sonar was mounted on a rigid pole on the bow of the R/V Rafael. Data were acquired during September 2012. USGS Configuration: Survey: Survey lines were run at an average speed of 5 knots and were generally spaced 30 m apart to obtain overlapping swaths of data and full riverbed coverage. Sonar: The SEA SWATHplus-M operates at a frequency of 234 kHz and a variable range (increased or decreased manually depending on water depth). The system was operated with a transmit power: 60 percent, a transmit length: 34 cycles, 4096 samples per channel, ping range of 46 meters. Speed of Sound: Sound-velocity profiles were collected several times each survey day with a hand-casted AML Oceanographic SV Plus V2 (Applied Microsystems) sound velocimeter. Tides: Tides were corrected during post-processing using one-minute interval averages of the RTK tide data recorded in the "TID" message string of the HYPACK navigation file for each survey line. The final tide corrected vertical values were achieved by removing the "K" value (height of the geoid above the chart datum) that was applied in HYPACK to reference the soundings to the MLLW datum, and then applying the measured tide offsets parsed from the "TID" message. See the HYPACK navigation files metadata for additional information "2012-024-FA_HYPACK_meta.xml" available from the larger work citation. Process_Step: Process_Description: 1. Raw to Processed conversion for USGS field activity 2012-024-FA: Each raw SWATHplus bathymetric sonar file (SXR) was converted to a SWATHplus processed file (SXP) using SEA SWATHplus Swath Processor (ver. 3.07.17.00). During the conversion process, sound velocity profiles were used to minimize potential refraction artifacts from fluctuations in the speed of sound within the water column. Various bathymetric filters were applied to eliminate sounding outliers. Predicted tidal information was merged into the processed file (SXP) during this conversion, however final tidal corrections were applied later in the processing flow. Bathymetric filtering typically included low amplitude (100%), range (0-4m), box (3-50m depth, 1.5-75m horizontal), median (window size 5), alongtrack 1 (depth difference of 5-m, window size 5-m, and learn rate of 0.7), alongtrack 2 (depth difference of 1.5-m, window size 1m, and learn rate of 0.9), and mean filters (0.25m). These represent the typical parameters used for the majority of the survey but slight adjustments were required for some areas. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - Seth Ackerman. Process_Date: 2012 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: 2. CARIS processing for USGS field activity 2012-024-FA: A new CARIS HIPS project (ver. 8.0) was created for this field activity with projection information set to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 18, WGS84. Each SWATHPlus processed file (sxp) was imported to the new CARIS project using the Import/Conversion Wizard. A 2-meter resolution Bathymetric and Statistical Error (BASE) Surface was created from the files for each Julian day. The BASE surface for each day was reviewed for any inconsistencies or data anomalies. Navigation was reviewed and edited as needed using the navigation editor tool. Beam-to-beam slopes and across track angle filters were applied to the soundings line by line. The refraction editor was used to adjust sound speed values in areas where velocimeter data did not adequately correct depth profiles obviously influenced by local anomalies in speed of sound through the water column. Preliminary processing was done during the survey and additional processing was done post-survey with CARIS HIPS and SIPS versions 8.0, 8.1 and 9.0. This process step was done between 2012 and 2013. Process_Date: 2013 Process_Step: Process_Description: 3. Prepare and apply RTK Tide data for USGS field activity 2012-024-FA: A tidal correction file (new_tide_MLLW_offest_REMOVED_edited.tid) was created during post-processing by applying a one-minute moving average filter to an offset value created by adding the RTK tide data recorded in the "TID" message string to the "K" value found in the "KTC" message of the raw HYPACK navigation files. This was necessary because, as described above, HYPACK was erroneously setup to reference the soundings to the MLLW datum from the WGS-84 ellipsoid. Applying the RTK tide offset and removing the "K" value leaves the sounding at the NAVD88 datum. Using a Perl script called tides_hypack2caris_v1.pl, the TID and KTC messages from device 2 (DEV 2; which was the NovAtel DL-V3 GPS receiver) in the raw HYPACK files were extracted and parsed. The combined tide and datum corrections now in the .tid file were loaded and applied to the soundings line by line in CARIS, resulting in tide corrected bathymetric values referenced to NAVD88. Each line was re-merged and the preliminary BASE surfaces were recomputed to incorporate the new tide information. Additional swath editing was done in CARIS using the swath and area based editors to remove any additional inconsistencies and minimize survey artifacts. This process step was done between 2012 and 2013. Process_Date: 2013 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: new_tide_MLLW_offest_REMOVED_edited.tid Process_Step: Process_Description: 4. Final BASE surface creation and export: A single BASE surface was created for the entire survey area utilizing all the quality bathymetric soundings data from the survey. An interpolation algorithm was run to fill small gaps between lines. The final surface was then exported from CARIS (ver. 9.1) as a 32-bit GeoTIFF and as 32-bit hillshaded GeoTIFF image. Except for setting the vertical exaggeration to 3x, the default hillshade settings (altitude/elevation = 45, azimuth = 45) were used to create the hillshaded GeoTIFF image. Process_Date: 2017 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Bathymetric images (Gridded bathymetric GeoTIFF image - 2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m_NAVD88.tif and depth-colored bathymetric shaded-relief image with 3x vertical exaggeration - 2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m_NAVD88_GeoTIFF3x.tif) Process_Step: Process_Description: 5. A world file with the same prefix file name and .tfw extension was created in ArcMap version 10.3.1 using EXPORT RASTER WORLD FILE tool. Process_Date: 20170809 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m_NAVD88_GeoTIFF3x.tfw Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m_NAVD88.tfw Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200908 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 7186 Column_Count: 3758 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 18N Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 2.0 Ordinate_Resolution: 2.0 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: NAVD88 Depth_Resolution: 0.1 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF however the pixel values of the 32-bit bathymetry image (2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m_NAVD88.tif) are depth values. The "no data" value for this image is set to 3.40282346639e+038. Data values represent depth in meters referenced to NAVD88. The color-ramp of the hillshade bathymetry image (2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m_NAVD88_GeoTIFF3x.tif) is full visual spectrum from red to dark-blue/purple representing shallow (less than 1 meters) to deep (approximately 17 meters), respectively. The hillshade image is a 32-bit (4 8-bit channels - RGBA; which means red green blue alpha). RGBA is the RGB color model with extra alpha channel information (A). The "no data" value in the hillshaded image is RGB value: 0,0,0. The A value is 255 for the entire image. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov Resource_Description: USGS data release 2012-024-FA backscatter imagery from the Connecticut River (2013-003-FA_Bathymetry2m.zip). The zip file contains a folder with the 32-bit floating point GeoTIFF image (2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m_NAVD88.tif) with a world file (2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m_NAVD88.tfw). A depth-colored hillshade bathymetry 32-bit (4 8-bit channels RGBA) GeoTIFF image (2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m_NAVD88_GeoTIFF3x.tif) with a world file (2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m_NAVD88_GeoTIFF3x.tfw) and metadata files in standard formats are also included in the zip file. The pixel values in the depth-colored hillshade bathymetry image DO NOT correspond to depths. The pixel values of the 32-bit floating point GeoTIFF image are depth values. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: CARIS HIPS/SIPS 9.1 GeoTIFF Format_Specification: 32-bit floating point GeoTIFF image and 32-bit (4 8-bit channels RGBA) depth-colored hillshaded GeoTIFF image Format_Information_Content: The zip file contains a folder with a 32-bit floating point GeoTIFF image at 2-meter resolution, a 32-bit (4 8-bit channels RGBA) depth-colored hillshaded GeoTIFF image and the associated metadata and world files. File_Decompression_Technique: Use 7zip, WinZip, Peazip, pkUnzip, Keka or other uncompressing software Transfer_Size: 11 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/bathymetry/2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V Network_Resource_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/ Access_Instructions: The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of the backscatter imagery and metadata. The second and third links will both take you to the field activity data page containing all of the available data from this survey including this dataset. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: The ZIP file contains a 32-bit Floating Point GeoTIFF image with a world file. To utilize these data an image processing or GIS software package capable of viewing a 32-bit floating point GeoTIFF image. Standard image viewing software cannot translate a 32-bit floating point GeoTIFF image. The depth-colored hillshade GeoTIFF image is a 32-bit (4 8-bit channels RGBA) which can be viewed in any image processing or GIS software package capable of viewing a 32-bit GeoTIFF image. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240318 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time