U.S. Geological Survey 2017 1.0 vector data, raster digital data data release DOI:10.5066/F7PG1Q7V Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/imagery/2012-024-FA_SEABOSSphotos.zip Seth D. Ackerman David S. Foster Eric M. Moore Barry J. Irwin Dann S. Blackwood Christopher R. Sherwood 2017 1.0 data release DOI:10.5066/F7PG1Q7V Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Ackerman S.D., Foster D.S., Moore E.M., Irwin B.J., Blackwood D.S., and Sherwood, C.R., 2017, High-resolution geophysical and sampling data collected at the mouth of the Connecticut River, Old Saybrook to Essex, Connecticut, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V. https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V A geophysical and geological survey was conducted at the mouth of the Connecticut River from Old Saybrook to Essex, Connecticut, in September 2012. Approximately 230 linear kilometers of digital Chirp subbottom (seismic-reflection) and 234-kilohertz interferometric sonar (bathymetric and backscatter) data were collected along with sediment samples, riverbed photographs, and (or) video at 88 sites within the geophysical survey area. Sediment grab samples were collected at 72 of the 88 sampling sites, video was acquired at 68 sites, and photographs of the river bottom were taken at 38 sites. These survey data are used to characterize the riverbed by identifying sediment-texture and riverbed morphology. More information can be found on the web page for the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2012-024-FA. Data collected during the 2012 survey can be obtained here: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V. This dataset is used to display the images and locations of bottom photographs acquired with a GoPro HD Hero2 on a modified SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS) collected during a 2012 USGS survey in the Connecticut River. The information contained within the bottom photographs is used to validate geophysical data collected in the same survey area. The photos also help provide the basis for determining sediment texture where a physical sediment sample was not collected. This dataset contains 38 riverbed images from a sampling survey that also acquired 68 video files and 72 sediment samples at 88 sampling sites. See logical consistency report for a note about using these photos in conjunction with the video and sediment sample data. More information about this survey can be found on the WHCMSC Field Activity webpage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2012-024-FA. Data collected during the 2012 survey can be obtained here: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V. 20120921 20120923 ground condition of survey dates: 20120921-20120923 Complete None planned -72.413500 -72.337200 41.388900 41.269800 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:0d190241-5ae3-48a0-af1e-9c929cce713b None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC field activity 2012-024-FA field activity number 12024 ground-truth bottom photographs seabed photographs photos stations seafloor sea floor riverbed marine geology sampling navigation SEABOSS SEABed Observation and Sampling System Van Veen grab sampler GoPro GoPro HD Hero2 JPG JPEG image R/V Rafael USGS Thesaurus underwater photography photography navigational data grain-size analysis marine geology image collections sea-floor characteristics remote sensing Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords marine geology photographic sampling sediment analysis estuary river ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans location geoscientificInformation None North America United States Atlantic Ocean Connecticut Connecticut River Long Island Sound Old Saybrook Essex None Seafloor Sea floor Riverbed River bed None 2012 none Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Seth Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2315 508-457-2310 sackerman@usgs.gov https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/imagery/2012-024-FA_SEABOSSphotos_browse.jpg Thumbnail image showing the location of river bed photographs collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Connecticut River, 2012. JPEG D. Blackwood K. Parolski 2001 1.0 document Sea Technology v.42, no.2, p. 29-43 Arlington, VA Compass Publications, Inc. The GoPro HD Hero2 camera, deployed on a modified SEABOSS, acquired photos at 11 Megapixels in JPEG quality of 98 percent. Image file sizes are generally between 3 and 7 MB on disc, depending on the complexity of the riverbed image. Position offsets between the location of the sampler and the DGPS antenna were not corrected so the location of these images are probably 2-4 meter horizontal accuracy. All riverbed photographs were acquired with the same camera; a GoPro HD Hero2. The camera was mounted on a modified SEABOSS. Gaps in sequential photo numbers exist because only the best photo per station was selected for publication (See source contribution for more information on camera settings and photograph timing; see completeness report for other process and dataset completeness information). Sediment sample data can be used in conjunction with the riverbed photographs and videos to help classify sediment texture. Beginning with sampling site 31, where the sediment sampler and the imagery frame were teathered to each other, the location of sediment samples, photographs and videos are often coincident as they were collected during the same deployment of the modified SEABOSS. A notable exceptions to this are at sample sites 31 and 36, where the sampler did not collect a successful sample during the original deployment so a sample was taken approximately 100 meter south (sample 31) and 30 meters west (sample 36) of where video and photos were collected. This dataset includes bottom photographs in JPEG format and a shapefile of the locations of photographs collected during USGS survey 2012-024-FA aboard the R/V Rafael in the Connecticut River. Eighty-eight sampling sites were occupied within the study area using a modified SEABOSS. Bottom photographs taken in water column and on deck or were otherwise not usable were deleted. Every attempt was taken to keep at least one photograph for each site however, the unsettled and turbulent nature of the river made this very difficult. Of 88 sampling sites, the Hero2 camera provided only 38 usable photos. For some sampling sites, only a blurry image or an image without a clear view of the sea floor but with significant suspended sediment was the only image available (in these cases it was kept and included in this dataset). Suspended sediment in a photograph may be used as a proxy to approximate surficial sediment size when used in conjunction with other data such as co-located video; especially in these cases when a physical sediment sample was not collected. For sampling sites 2-21 the visibility was so poor that the photograph and video portion of the survey was abandoned, and only sediment samples were collected. The photograph and video system was deployed again beginning with sampling station 22. The original JPEG photographs alone do not represent spatial data, however the post-processing of the photographs with the navigation data and survey notes makes the link to spatially locate the imagery. Navigation for the sampling survey 2012-024-FA used the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) from the Hemisphere DGPS unit. The recorded position of each photo is actually the position of the GPS antenna on the survey vessel, located on the aft of the R/V Rafael's cabin just port of the centerline, not the location of the SEABOSS sampler. The SEABOSS was deployed approximately 2 meters to the starboard side of the DGPS antenna. No layback or offset was applied to the recorded position. In addition to the +/- 2 meters offset the SEABOSS may drift additionally away from the survey vessel when deployed to the riverbed. Based on the various sources for horizontal offsets, a conservative estimate the horizontal accuracy of the bottom photograph locations is 2-4 meters. U.S. Geological Survey Unpublished Material raster and ASCII text digital data disc 20120921 20120923 ground condition JPEG images and text data The SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS) was designed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for rapid and effective collection of seabed images and sediment samples in coastal regions. The observations from video and still cameras and the sediment data are used to explore the nature of the riverbed/seafloor and, in conjunction with high-resolution geophysical data, to make interpretive maps of sedimentary environments and validate the acoustic remote sensing data. This particular setup of the SEABOSS was ultra simplified using only a GoPro HD Hero2 camera, a black and white drop video camera with topside feed, lights and a depth sensor attached to a ultra-lightweight square frame. At station 1 and stations 22-30, this small, simplified SEABOSS frame with the GoPro and video was hand deployed from the starboard side of the R/V Rafael. At these sites, no sediment sample was collected, however visual observations made from the video and photos at sites 22-30 were made and are included in this sediment sample dataset. Due to the poor visibility, the imagery portion of the sampling was halted and at stations 2-21 only the modified Van Veen sampler was used to collect sediment samples (without imagery). Beginning with station 31, through the end of the end of the sampling survey, the imagery frame (with the GoPro and video cameras) was attached to the modified Van Veen grab sampler and deployed together from the starboard side of the R/V Rafael. This sampler with the combined capability of collecting imagery and a sediment sample, a modified version of the original USGS SEABOSS, is known as the mircoSEABOSS or the SEABOSSpro or the GoProSEABOSS. At a typical sampling site, the vessel occupied one of the target stations and deployed this modified SEABOSS. Usually at the end of a short photograph/video survey at each sampling site the winch operator lowered the Van Veen sampler until it rested on the riverbed. When the system was then raised a sample was taken from the riverbed and the sampler recovered to the deck of the survey vessel where a subsample was taken for analysis at the USGS Sediment Laboratory in Wood Hole, MA. The camera time during this survey was set to UTC; calibration photographs with the navigation system indicate that the camera time was 23 seconds ahead of GPS times, therefore a time offset was applied during photo processing. The GoPro camera was set to take a photo every 2 seconds while deployed. The best photos were acquired when the sampler was briefly set down on the riverbed. Likewise, the best video was typically acquired when the sampler was briefly set down on the riverbed prior to taking a sediment sample. Eighty-eight stations were occupied during USGS survey 2012-024-FA with a modified SEABOSS (Blackwood and Parolski, 2001), equipped with a GoPro HD Hero2 and a black and white dropcam video camera collecting photographs and video, respectively. A Van Veen grab sampler was deployed at each station. JPEG photographs were acquired at stations 1 and stations 22-88 (the photo/video system was not used at stations 2-21 due to extremely poor visibility). The digital photographs were downloaded from the camera and backed-up to a laptop and hard-drive periodically during the sampling survey. The original JPEG photographs alone do not represent spatial data, however, post-processing the photographs with the navigation data and survey notes makes the link to spatially locate the imagery. The link is possible because the JPEG photographs EXIF header records acquisition time which can be matched with corresponding time in the navigation logs. However, camera time drift and the precision with which the camera time can be set often results in an offset. In this case, the offset was 23 seconds for the duration of the sampling survey. This offset was corrected for during the post-processing describe below. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - Seth Ackerman 2012 JPEG photographs Seth Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2315 508-457-2310 sackerman@usgs.gov The GoPro HD Hero2 photographs were culled to remove photos during deployment and recovery of the SEABOSS including images of the water column and those on the deck of the survey vessel. Blurry or otherwise not clear images of the riverbed were removed (unless no other clear image of the riverbed was available). The raw navigation feed from the Hemisphere Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) receiver was logged at a one-second interval using Microsoft HyperTerminal on a Dell Latitude D820 laptop computer during the sampling survey. Log files were recorded for each survey day (by Gregorian day). The navigation files were processed using an AWK script (no version) called awkseth.gpgga.12024.awk by survey day and concatenated in to a single navigation file. Then a series of PYTHON scripts (SEABOSStools) were run to match up the quality photos with the navigation log. (1) JPEG_exifextract_gui_sort.py - PYTHON script that extracts the EXIF header information from each photograph including the JPEG filename, date and time. (2) photo_locs_gui_5_4exif.py - PYTHON script that matches up the corresponding date and times from the formatted output of the previous two PYTHON scripts. A time offset of -23 seconds was applied in this step so that the navigation fix extracted was 23 seconds earlier than the image time. The output of this is the location shapefile for the bottom photographs with the fields filename, UTC date, UTC time, latitude and longitude. Original JPEG photographs RAW Navigation log files survey notes 201709 Bottom Photograph Location Shapefile XTools Pro (version 12.0) for ArcGIS (version 10.3.1) was used to reorganize add new fields (TABLE OPERATIONS - TABLE RESTRUCTURE) to the point shapefile including an attribute for the survey ID (CRUISE_ID), device used to collect the photos and samples (DEVICE_ID), the survey vessel (VEHICLE_ID), the date of photo collection (DATE) and the Camera used (CAMERA). 201709 A PYTHON script (UpdatePhotoEXIFv3b.py) was then run that incorporated the matched up location data, along with additional survey information, into the appropriate locations in the EXIF header of each JPEG image. The PYTHON script uses exiftool (version 10.47) to write the information to the image headers. The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers. Information is duplicated in some tags. This was done because different software packages access different tags. GPS tags: The values populated are unique for each image and based on the information from the process of pairing the photo with locations in the navigation logfiles. >GPSLatitudeRef >GPSLatitude >GPSLongitudeRef >GPSLongitude >GPSTimeStamp >GSPDateStamp JPEG tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image. Comment: Photo from a down-looking GoPro HD Hero2 on the USGS modified SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Rafael during survey 2012-024-FA (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2012-024-FA) EXIF tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image. ImageDescription: Photograph of the river-bed in the Connecticut River from USGS survey 2012-024-FA Artist: Seth Ackerman Copyright: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey IPTC tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image. Credit: U.S. Geological Survey Contact: WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov Keywords: Connecticut River, Old Saybrook, Essex, Connecticut, 2012-024-FA, SEABOSS, river-bed, USGS CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey Caption-Abstract: Photograph of the river-bed in the Connecticut River from USGS survey 2012-024-FA XMP tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image. Caption: Photograph of the river-bed in the Connecticut River from USGS survey 2012-024-FA To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 10.47): exiftool -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription imgtest/*.jpg out.csv The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. Original JPEG photographs 201709 New (EXIF updated) JPEG photographs Renamed the photos to include the ISO8601 standard for date and time in the filename and updated the shapefile field for PICNAME. Renaming the photos was done by creating a shell script with original photoname and the new photoname with date and time info parsed from the photo's EXIF metadata. exiftool -csv *.JPG -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp | awk -F, '{split($1,a,"_"); split($2,t,":"); split($3,d,":");print "mv -v "$1" "a[1]"_"d[1]d[2]d[3]"T"t[1]t[2]t[3]"Z_"a[2]}' 201710 Exported the shapefile attribute table as a comma-delimited text file (CSV) using QGIS (version 2.18.9). The exported CSV file had two additional columns (X and Y) that were duplicates of the LONG and LAT fields, so X and Y were deleted using MacVIM (version 8.0). The CSV and the shapefile included in the data release have identical data fields. 20171222 Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword (20200908). Fixed a USGS Thesaurus term (20240712). 20240712 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Vector Entity point 38 0.000001 0.000001 Decimal degrees D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.000000 298.257224 2012-024-FA_photos Bottom photographs and locations U.S. Geological Survey FID Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. PICNAME Name of bottom photograph used to uniquely identify between stations, cameras, and photographs: i.e. 2012-024-FA_20120922T150843Z_GOPR5517.JPG, where 2012-024-FA refers to the field activity identifier, 20120922T150843Z refers to the date and time in the ISO8601 standard (YYYYMMDD T= time separator HHMMSS Z= Zulu/UTC time) and GOPR5517.JPG refers to the sequential image number assigned to the image by the camera. U.S. Geological Survey String used to distinguish photographs. CAMERA GoPro camera used to collect bottom photograph. U.S. Geological Survey String used to distinguish between different camera models mounted on the SEABOSS. GPSTIME UTC time of bottom photograph from GPS navigation file in format HH:MM:SS. U.S. Geological Survey UTC time of bottom photograph determined by the GPS. CAMR_TIME Camera time of bottom photograph from the camera in format HH:MM:SS. U.S. Geological Survey Camera time of bottom photograph determined from the camera's internal clock. TIMEOFFSET Offset applied, if any, to match the photograph up to the correct time determined by the GPS navigation. This field is the time difference between the camera time and the GPS time in UTC in the format HH:MM:SS. A value of "-00:00:23" indicates a 23 second offset was applied in processing. U.S. Geological Survey Offset time of bottom photograph. LONG Longitude in Geographic Coordinates, WGS 84. U.S. Geological Survey -72.413455 -72.33719 decimal degrees 0.000001 LAT Latitude in Geographic Coordinates, WGS 84. U.S. Geological Survey 41.269838 41.388882 decimal degrees 0.000001 JD Julian day; Julian day is the integer number representing the interval of time in days since January 1 of the year (265-267 for these data). U.S. Geological Survey 265 267 days 1 DATE Date that the bottom photograph was collected in the format: YYYYMMDD (20120921-20120923 for these data). U.S. Geological Survey 20120921 20120923 date 1 YEAR Year that the bottom photograph was collected (2012 for these data). U.S. Geological Survey 2012 2012 years 1 SURVEYID WHCMSC field activity identifier (e.g. "2012-024-FA" where 2012 is the survey year, 024 is survey number of that year, and FA is Field Activity). U.S. Geological Survey String used to distinguish cruises by year and ID number. DEVICEID Device used to collect the sample and bottom photograph. U.S. Geological Survey String used to identify the SEABOSS configuration used during the survey. VEHICLEID Vehicle (ship) used to collect data during survey 2012-024-FA. U.S. Geological Survey String used to identify the survey vessel. The JPEG images can be hyperlinked to their shapefile location in ArcGIS. The CSV file and shapefile have the same attribute fields. U.S. Geological Survey Seth Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2315 sackerman@usgs.gov USGS data release 2012-024-FA contains bottom photograph locations and images (38 total images) of the riverbed collected from the Connecticut River (2012-024-FA_SEABOSSphotos.zip). The zip file contains the shapefile 2012-024-FA_photos.shp, a CSV version of the shapefile's attribute table (2012-024-FA_photos.csv) and the riverbed photographs for the GoPro HD Hero2 camera. Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) metadata files (2012-024-FA_photos.xml) in standard formats are also included in the zip file. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Shapefile ArcGIS 10.3.1 Shapefile The zip file contains bottom photograph locations (in shapefile/CSV formats) and images of the riverbed collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center) from the Connecticut River and the associated metadata. Use WinZip, 7zip, Peazip or pkUnzip 217 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/imagery/2012-024-FA_SEABOSSphotos.zip https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/ The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of the backscatter imagery and metadata. The second and third links will both take you to the field activity data page containing all of the available data from this survey including this dataset. CSV QGIS exported CSV file Comma Separated Value The zip file contains bottom photograph locations (in shapefile/CSV formats) and images of the riverbed collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center) from the Connecticut River and the associated metadata. Use WinZip, 7zip, Peazip or pkUnzip 217 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/imagery/2012-024-FA_SEABOSSphotos.zip https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/ The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of the backscatter imagery and metadata. The second and third links will both take you to the field activity data page containing all of the available data from this survey including this dataset. JPEG GoPro HD Hero2 Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) The zip file contains bottom photograph locations (in shapefile/CSV formats) and images of the riverbed collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center) from the Connecticut River and the associated metadata. Use 7zip, WinZip, Peazip, pkUnzip, Keka or other uncompressing software 217 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/imagery/2012-024-FA_SEABOSSphotos.zip https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/ The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of the backscatter imagery and metadata. The second and third links will both take you to the field activity data page containing all of the available data from this survey including this dataset. none This zip file contains data available in point shapefile and CSV format. The user must have software capable of reading shapefile or CSV format to use these data. An image viewer can be used to see the JPEG images. 20240712 Seth Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2315 508-457-2310 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time