U.S. Geological Survey 2017 1.0 vector digital data data release DOI:10.5066/F7PG1Q7V Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/samples/2012-024-FA_samples.zip Seth D. Ackerman David S. Foster Eric M. Moore Barry J. Irwin Dann S. Blackwood Christopher R. Sherwood 2017 1.0 data release DOI:10.5066/F7PG1Q7V Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Ackerman S.D., Foster D.S., Moore E.M., Irwin B.J., Blackwood D.S., and Sherwood, C.R., 2017, High-resolution geophysical and sampling data collected at the mouth of the Connecticut River, Old Saybrook to Essex, Connecticut, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V. https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V A geophysical and geological survey was conducted at the mouth of the Connecticut River from Old Saybrook to Essex, Connecticut, in September 2012. Approximately 230 linear kilometers of digital Chirp subbottom (seismic-reflection) and 234-kilohertz interferometric sonar (bathymetric and backscatter) data were collected along with sediment samples, riverbed photographs, and (or) video at 88 sites within the geophysical survey area. Sediment grab samples were collected at 72 of the 88 sampling sites, video was acquired at 68 sites, and photographs of the river bottom were taken at 38 sites. These survey data are used to characterize the riverbed by identifying sediment-texture and riverbed morphology. More information can be found on the web page for the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2012-024-FA. Data collected during the 2012 survey can be obtained here: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V. This data set includes the locations, identifiers, and grain-size analysis for 72 surficial samples collected at 88 sample locations in 2012 by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Connecticut River during survey 2012-024-FA. This data set was collected to ground-truth (verify) acoustic data also collected during USGS cruise 2012-024-FA. More information about this survey can be found on the WHCMSC Field Activity webpage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2012-024-FA. Data collected during the 2012 survey can be obtained here: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V. 20120921 20120923 ground condition Complete None planned -72.4134517 -72.3349667 41.3888817 41.265875 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:78bf0a64-9fc2-4f45-b3db-26e5b65099b9 None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP field activity 2012-024-FA field activity number 12024 SEABOSS SEAbed Observation and Sampling System seafloor samples Esri shapefile R/V Rafael sediment samples sediments Van Veen grab samples sediment data grain size gravel sand silt clay USGS Thesaurus grain-size analysis marine geology unconsolidated deposits sea-floor characteristics field sampling Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords marine geology sediment analysis estuary river ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans location geoscientificInformation None North America United States Atlantic Ocean Connecticut Connecticut River Long Island Sound Old Saybrook Essex none Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Seth Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2315 508-457-2310 sackerman@usgs.gov https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/samples/2012-024-FA_samples_browse.jpg Thumbnail image of sample locations collected in 2012 by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Connecticut River JPEG Poppe, L.J. K.Y. McMullen Williams, S.J. Paskevich, V.F. 2014 3.0 document Open File Report 2005-1001 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1001/ D. Blackwood K. Parolski 2001 1.0 document Sea Technology v.42, no.2, p. 29-43 Arlington, VA Compass Publications, Inc. Schlee, J. 1973 document Professional Paper 529-L Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey Shepard, F.P. 1954 1.0 document Journal of Sedimentary Petrology v. 24, p. 151-158 Tulsa, Oklahoma Society for Sedimentary Geology All attributes were evaluated during data processing as standard quality control to ensure attributes contain accurate and relevant information and values. See the "USGS East-Coast Sediment Analysis: Procedures, Database, and GIS Data" for information about the process and standards used in the sediment laboratory (Poppe and others, 2014) All samples were collected with the same modified Van Veen sampler mounted on a SEABOSS frame. A no data value of -9999 is used in number formatted columns where no data were collected or recorded. These cells were originally blank in the Excel file, but in an effort to prevent ArcGIS software from filling those blank cells with 0s in the shapefile, a no data value was added to all blank numerical cells. Many of the no data values were then changed to 0s in the phi percents and gravel/sand/silt/clay percents where it looked like a full coarse (sand and gravel) or fine (silt and clay) analysis was completed and the original blanks likely should have been 0s. Sediment sample data can be used in conjunction with the riverbed photographs and videos to help classify sediment texture. Beginning with sampling site 31, where the sediment sampler and the imagery frame were tethered to each other, the location of sediment samples, photographs and videos are often coincident as they were collected during the same deployment of the modified SEABOSS. A notable exceptions to this are at sample sites 31 and 36, where the sampler did not collect a successful sample during the original deployment so a sample was taken approximately 100 meter south (sample 31) and 30 meters west (sample 36) of where video and photos were collected. No additional checks for topological consistency were performed on these data. Sediment samples were collected at 72 of 88 sampling stations. These 72 samples were analyzed for grain-size as the Sediment Laboratory at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. Visual observations from co-located riverbed videos and photographs were used to note the sediment texture of 13 additional sites where a successful sediment grab sample was not (or could not be) collected. These visual observation analyses are noted in the comments field of this dataset. A CSV file containing sediment lab analysis data was used to create the sample location shapefile. There was no sample, no photograph and the visibility in the video was not good enough to confidently classify the sediment texture at sampling sites 1, 70 and 73. Navigation for the sampling survey 2012-024-FA used the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) from the Hemisphere DGPS which had an antenna mounted on the aft of the R/V Rafael's cabin just port of the centerline. The recorded position of each photo is actually the position of the GPS antenna on the survey vessel, not the SEABOSS sampler. The SEABOSS was deployed appropriately 2 meters to the starboard side of the DGPS antenna. No layback or offset was applied to the recorded position. In addition to the +/- 2 meters offset the SEABOSS may drift additionally away from the survey vessel when deployed to the riverbed. Based on the various sources for horizontal offsets, a conservative estimate the horizontal accuracy of the bottom photograph locations is 2-4 meters. U.S. Geological Survey Unpublished Material point digital data disc 20120921 20120923 ground condition Sediment sample locations with sediment grain size analysis The SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS) was designed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for rapid and effective collection of seabed images and sediment samples in coastal regions. The observations from video and still cameras and the sediment data are used to explore the nature of the riverbed/seafloor and, in conjunction with high-resolution geophysical data, to make interpretive maps of sedimentary environments and validate the acoustic remote sensing data. This particular setup of the SEABOSS was ultra simplified using only a GoPro HD Hero2 camera, a black and white drop video camera with topside feed, lights and a depth sensor attached to a ultra-lightweight square frame. At station 1 and stations 22-30, this small, simplified SEABOSS frame with the GoPro and video was hand deployed from the starboard side of the R/V Rafael. At these sites, no sediment sample was collected, however visual observations made from the video and photos at sites 22-30 were made and are included in this sediment sample dataset. Due to the poor visibility, the imagery portion of the sampling was halted and at stations 2-21 only the modified Van Veen sampler was used to collect sediment samples (without imagery). Beginning with station 31, through the end of the end of the sampling survey, the imagery frame (with the GoPro and video cameras) was attached to the modified Van Veen grab sampler and deployed together from the starboard side of the R/V Rafael. This sampler with the combined capability of collecting imagery and a sediment sample, a modified version of the original USGS SEABOSS, is known as the mircoSEABOSS or the SEABOSSpro or the GoProSEABOSS. At a typical sampling site, the vessel occupied one of the target stations and deployed this modified SEABOSS. Usually at the end of a short photograph/video survey at each sampling site the winch operator lowered the Van Veen sampler until it rested on the riverbed. When the system was then raised a sample was taken from the riverbed and the sampler recovered to the deck of the survey vessel where a subsample was taken for analysis at the USGS Sediment Laboratory in Wood Hole, MA. The camera time during this survey was set to UTC; calibration photographs with the navigation system indicate that the camera time was 23 seconds ahead of GPS times, therefore a time offset was applied during photo processing. The GoPro camera was set to take a photo every 2 seconds while deployed. The best photos were acquired when the sampler was briefly set down on the riverbed. Likewise, the best video was typically acquired when the sampler was briefly set down on the riverbed prior to taking a sediment sample. Eighty-eight target sampling sites were occupied aboard the R/V Rafael during USGS Cruise 2012-024-FA with some version of a modified SEABOSS (Blackwood and Parolski, 2001) that was equipped with a modified Van Veen grab sampler, a GoPro HD Hero2 camera shooting digital still images and a black and white dropcam video camera collecting standard definition video (sites 1 and 21-30 did not have the sediment sampler; sites 2-20 did not have the cameras). Physical sediment samples were collected at 72 of the 88 sites. Locations for sediment samples were manually recorded in a log book using navigation data from the Hemisphere DGPS receivers during retrieval of the SEABOSS, as it was lifted off the riverbed. Visual observations at an additional 13 sites made from the video and/or riverbed photographs were also added to this dataset. The sediment samples and a list of sampling metadata (including the sample locations) were submitted to the sediment lab at the conclusion of the survey. 2012 Seth Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 (508) 548-8700 x2315 (508) 457-2310 sackerman@usgs.gov Samples were analyzed in the sediment laboratory at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. Coarse fraction determined by sieve; fine fraction determined by Coulter Counter. See Poppe et al. (2014) for analytical specifics for grain size measurement processes. Sediment statistics were recorded in MS Excel file (XLS) and saved as Comma Separated Value file (CSV). 2012 Kate McMullen U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 (508) 548-8700 x2277 (508) 457-2310 kmcmullen@usgs.gov The data from this survey (2012-024-FA) were extracted from the published U.S. Geological Survey East Coast Sediment Texture Database (Poppe and others, 2014) and saved as a CSV file. In ArcMap (version 10.3.1), the ASCII comma-delimited file (2012-024-FA_samples.csv) was converted to a point feature class by selecting the 'comma separated value' text file -- Create Feature Class -- from XY table using the defined geographic coordinate system (Decimal_Degrees_WGS84.prj). The point feature class was updated to fill the missing values for ANALYST of the Visual Observation sites, and to remove fields that were completely populated with the nodata value "-9999" (MODE1CLASS, MODE1FREQ, MODE2CLASS, MODE2FREQ, MODE3CLASS, MODE3FREQ, NMODES) or were completely empty for all records (ANAL_COMM, and LITHOLOGY). The csv file includes these deleted fields because it is the unaltered "raw" data downloaded from the USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database. 201710 Seth Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2315 508-457-2310 sackerman@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword (20200908). Fixed a USGS Thesaurus term (20240712). 20240712 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Vector Entity point 85 0.000001 0.000001 Decimal degrees D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.000000 298.257224 2012-024-FA_samples Sample locations and textural analysis for samples collected during USGS survey 2012-024-FA in 2012 by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Connecticut River. This dataset includes sites classified by visual observation of the video and/or photographs as well. U.S. Geological Survey FID Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. GROUP Sample group assigned by USGS sediment laboratory Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 3 Sediment entirely or partially analyzed, processed, or visually described by USGS Woods Hole scientists. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary DB_ID Database identifier assigned by sediment laboratory Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary Character String FIELD_NO Sample name or number as assigned in the field by the Chief Scientist Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary Character string. PROJECT Survey area of the research project Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary Character sting. CRUISE_ID Name or number of cruise on which sample collected. Historically cruise identifiers were a combination of ship name, year of cruise and cruise leg. In more recent years, cruise identifier is a sequential serial number assigned to field activities within a specific year (in the format YYYY-XXX-FA where YYYY is the year, XXX is the cruise number within that year and FA is Field Activity). Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary Character string. CONTACT Name of Principal Investigator or Scientist responsible for data collection. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary Character string. AREA General geographic area of data collection. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary Character string. Latitude Latitude coordinate, in decimal-degrees, of sample location. South latitude recorded as negative values. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 41.265875 41.3888817 Decimal Degrees 0.0000001 Longitude Longitude coordinate, in decimal degrees, of sample location. West longitude is recorded as negative values. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary -72.4134517 -72.3349667 Decimal Degrees 0.0000001 Depth_M Depth in meters extracted from the a preliminary bathymetry dataset collected as part of USGS field activity 2012-024-FA. Note sample 63 has a nodata value of -9999 because it was collected 11 meters outside the acoustic survey bounds. The nearest bathymetry depth to sample 63 is approximately 2.8m water depth. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 2.3 18 Meters T_DEPTH Top depth of the sub-sample collected from the whole grab sample, in centimeters. Value also represents the top of a "surface sample" for the visually observed samples that had no physical sample collected. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 0 centimeters B_DEPTH Bottom depth of the sub-sample collected from the whole grab sample, in centimeters. Value also represents the base of a "surface sample" for the visually observed samples that had no physical sample collected. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 2 2 centimeters DEVICE Device used to collect the sample. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary MicroSEABOSS (a.k.a. SEABOSSpro, a.k.a. GoProSEABOSS) sample was collected with a modified Van Veen grab sampler on the MicroSEABOSS (a.k.a. SEABOSSpro, a.k.a. GoProSEABOSS). Note this designation was used by the sediment lab however, elsewhere in this data release, this version of the SEABOSS is referred to as the modified SEABOSS or the SEABOSS (modified). Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary MONTH_COLL Calendar month sample collected based on time in UTC. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 9 9 DAY_COLL Calendar day sample collected based on time in UTC. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 21 23 YEAR_COLL Calendar year sample collected based on time in UTC. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 2012 2012 MONTH_ANAL Calendar month sample analyzed. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 12 12 DAY_ANAL Calendar month sample analyzed. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 18 18 YEAR_ANAL Calendar year sample analyzed. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 2012 2012 WEIGHT Weight of dry sample in grams. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 13.9634 180.5749 grams 0.0001 GRAVEL_PCT Gravel content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters greater than 2 mm; -1 Phi and larger). No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 30.92 percent 0.01 SAND_PCT Sand content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 2 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm; 0 Phi through 4 Phi). No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 4.76 99.88 percent 0.01 SILT_PCT Silt content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 0.0625 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.004 mm; 5 Phi through 8 Phi, inclusive). No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.03 77.86 percent 0.01 CLAY_PCT Clay content in percent dry weight of the sample (particles with nominal diameters less than 0.004 mm; 9 Phi and smaller). No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 24.77 percent 0.01 CLASSIFICA Sediment Classification - Sediment description based on a rigorous definition, usually Shepard (1954) as modified by Schlee (1973) and Poppe et al. (2014). This attribute heading is listed as CLASSIFICATION in the accompanying CSV file. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary SAND Sediment whose main phase is less than 2 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary SANDY SILT Sediment whose main phase is silt, but with significant sand. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary CLAYEY SILT Sediment whose main phase silt, but with significant clay. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary SILT Sediment whose main phase is less than 0.0625 mm, but greater than or equal to 0.004 mm. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary SILTY SAND Sediment whose main phase in sand, but with significant silt. USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary GRAVELLY SEDIMENT Sediment whose phase is equal to or greater than 10 percent, but less than 50 percent gravel, but with significant other sediment. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary BOULDERS Rocks with diameters greater than 256 mm. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary MEDIAN Middle point in the grain size distribution in phi units. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.42 6.81 phi 0.01 MEAN Average value in the grain size distribution in phi units. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.4 6.79 phi 0.01 STDEV Standard deviation (root mean square of the deviations) of the grain size distribution in phi units (sorting). No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.34 3.38 phi 0.01 SKEWNESS Skewness of sample (unitless measure) - a measure of sorting in the 'tails' of a grain-size population, where positive values show an excess of fine-grained sediments and negative values show an excess of coarse-grained sediments. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary -0.51 3.46 unitless KURTOSIS Kurtosis of sample (unitless) - a measure of the peakedness of the probability distribution. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary -1.5 39.63 unitless PHIM5 -5 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -5 Phi fraction and larger (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 32 mm); very coarse pebbles, cobbles, and boulders. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 0 percent 0.01 PHIM4 -4 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -4 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 16 mm, but less than 32 mm); coarse pebbles. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 0 percent 0.01 PHIM3 -3 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -3 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 8 mm, but less than 16 mm); medium pebbles. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 17.78 percent 0.01 PHIM2 -2 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -2 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 4 mm, but less than 8 mm); fine pebbles. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 8.82 percent 0.01 PHIM1 -1 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the -1 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 2 mm, but less than 4 mm); very fine pebbles (granules). No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 10.69 percent 0.01 PHI_0 0 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 0 Phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to 1 mm, but less than 2 mm); very coarse sand. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.01 21.63 percent 0.01 PHI_1 1 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 1 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, but less than 1 mm); coarse sand. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.15 62.11 percent 0.01 PHI_2 2 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 2 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.25 mm, but less than 0.5 mm); medium sand. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.38 85.57 percent 0.01 PHI_3 3 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 3 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.125 mm, but less than 0.25 mm); fine sand. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.36 70.78 percent 0.01 PHI_4 4 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 4 Phi fraction (nominal diameters of particles greater than or equal to 0.0625 mm, but less than 0.125 mm); very fine sand. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.11 28.33 percent 0.01 PHI_5 5 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 5 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.031 mm, but less than 0.0625 mm); coarse silt. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.01 26.39 percent 0.01 PHI_6 6 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 6 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.016 mm, but less than 0.031 mm); medium silt. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.01 22.02 percent 0.01 PHI_7 7 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 7 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.008 mm, but less than 0.016 mm); fine silt. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0.01 31.28 percent 0.01 PHI_8 8 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 8 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.004 mm, but less than 0.008 mm); very fine silt. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 19.91 percent 0.01 PHI_9 9 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 9 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.002 mm, but less than 0.004 mm); coarse clay. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 14.28 percent 0.01 PHI_10 10 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 10 Phi fraction (nominal diameter of particles greater than or equal to 0.001 mm, but less than 0.002 mm); medium clay. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 7.26 percent 0.01 PHI_11 11 Phi - Weight percent of the sample in the 11 Phi fraction and smaller (nominal diameter of particles less than 0.001 mm); fine clay. No data value -9999. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary 0 3.23 percent 0.01 ANALYST Person who analyzed the sediment samples in the sediment lab or made the visual observation based on video and photo datasets. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary Character string. COMMENTS Comments on sample collection or lithology, if available. Blank fields indicate no comment. This is where visual observations of the sediment texture based on other data, such as video or photos, were noted. Modified from USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database data dictionary. Character string. The CSV file has the most of the same attributes with the same definitions. Exceptions are that the point shapefile was updated to fill the missing values for ANALYST of the Visual Observation sites, and to remove fields that were completely populated with the nodata value "-9999" (MODE1CLASS, MODE1FREQ, MODE2CLASS, MODE2FREQ, MODE3CLASS, MODE3FREQ, NMODES) or were completely empty for all records (ANAL_COMM, and LITHOLOGY). The csv file includes these deleted fields because it is the unaltered "raw" data downloaded from the USGS East Coast Sediment Texture Database. The heading on the attribute field CLASSIFICATION in the CSV file was truncated automatically in the process of creating the shapefile so it appears as CLASSIFICA in the shapefile. USGS Open File Report 2005-1001 (https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1001/) Seth Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA 508-548-8700 x2315 sackerman@usgs.gov USGS data release 2012-024-FA contains sediment sample locations and grain size analysis collected in the Connecticut River in 2012 (2012-024-FA_samples.zip). The zip file contains a folder with the following shapefile: (2012-024-FA_samples.shp), a CSV file used to generate the shapefile with sample analysis (2012-024-FA_samples.csv) and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) metadata files (2012-024-FA_samples.xml) in standard formats. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Shapefile ArcGIS 10.3.1 Shapefile The zip file contains a shapefile and CSV file of sample locations collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center) in the Connecticut River and the associated metadata. Use 7zip, WinZip, Peazip, pkUnzip, Keka or other uncompressing software 0.02 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/samples/2012-024-FA_samples.zip https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/ The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of the backscatter imagery and metadata. The second and third links will both take you to the field activity data page containing all of the available data from this survey including this dataset. CSV Microsoft Excel Version 2010 Comma-Separated Values (CSV) The zip file contains a shapefile and CSV file of sample locations collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center) in the Connecticut River and the associated metadata. The CSV file includes the fields that were deleted from the point shapefile (see process steps above). Use 7zip, WinZip, Peazip, pkUnzip, Keka or other uncompressing software 0.02 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/samples/2012-024-FA_samples.zip https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/ The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of the backscatter imagery and metadata. The second and third links will both take you to the field activity data page containing all of the available data from this survey including this dataset. none This zip file contains data available in shapefile format. The user must have software capable of reading shapefile format to use these data. The CSV file can be read with a text editor. 20240712 Seth Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2315 508-457-2310 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time