Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Seabed still images in JPEG format and image locations collected on Stellwagen Bank during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 2016-004-FA, aboard the R/V Auk, January 28, 2016 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P934L7PN Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P934L7PN Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2016-004-FA/ Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Station Information, Seabed Imagery, and CTD Instrument Data Collected on Stellwagen Bank in January 2016, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2016-004-FA Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P934L7PN Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Valentine, P.C., and Cross, V.A., 2021, Station information, seabed imagery, and CTD instrument data collected on Stellwagen Bank in January, 2016 U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2016-004-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P934L7PN . Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P934L7PN Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2016-004-FA/ Description: Abstract: This field activity is part of the effort to map geologic substrates of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts. The overall goal is to develop high-resolution (1:25,000) interpretive maps, based on multibeam sonar data and seabed sampling, showing surficial geology and seabed sediment dynamics. This cruise was conducted in collaboration with the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, and the data collected will aid research on the ecology of fish and invertebrate species that inhabit the region. The Sanctuary's research vessel, R/V Auk, visited 19 locations on Stellwagen Bank at which a customized Van Veen grab sampler (SEABOSS) equipped with a video camera and a CTD was deployed in drift mode to collect sediment for grain-size analysis, video imagery of the seabed, and measurements of water column properties. Purpose: To provide images of the sea floor acquired with the SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS). These data provide ground-truth information for geophysical datasets and are used in seabed interpretations. Supplemental_Information: The locations for each image can be extracted from the EXIF header of the images (described in the process steps). Alternatively, the image locations are available from the 2016-044-FA_station_data_summary file available from the Larger Work citation. Additional information regarding the field activity can be obtained from https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-004-FA . The grain-size analyses of the sediment samples collected during this field activity are available in a separate publication (Valentine and Cross, 2019; link available from the cross-reference citation). Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20160128 Currentness_Reference: Ground condition of when data were collected. There was one day of data collection: January 28, 2016. Status: Progress: complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.27053 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.20766 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.19790 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.17582 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:6c337242-4599-4824-b449-64a1178eaeed Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: ground-truth Theme_Keyword: seabed images Theme_Keyword: JPEG Theme_Keyword: SEABed Observation and Sampling System Theme_Keyword: SEABOSS Theme_Keyword: video image grab Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: location Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: image collections Theme_Keyword: underwater photography Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics Theme_Keyword: field monitoring stations Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: photographic sampling Theme_Keyword: seabed Theme_Keyword: marine geology Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Stellwagen Bank Place_Keyword: Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Place_Keyword: SBNMS Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Bay Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: None. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Page C. Valentine Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2239 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2016-004-FA/data/imagery/2016-004-FA_seabedimage_browse.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse graphic of an example seabed still image on Stellwagen Bank. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: D.S. Blackwood Originator: K.F. Parolski Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Seabed observation and sampling system Series_Information: Series_Name: Sea Technology Issue_Identification: v. 42, no. 2, p.39-43 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Arlington, VA Publisher: Compass Publications, Inc. Other_Citation_Details: This is an article describing the development of the SEABOSS. This can be helpful to get an idea of what the system looks like, even though specific equipment associated with it has changed over time. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: P. Valentine Originator: D. Blackwood Originator: K. Parolski Publication_Date: 2000 Title: Seabed observation and sampling system Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet Issue_Identification: FS-142-00 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This is a short, older publication describing the SEABOSS. This can be helpful to get an idea of what the system looks like, even though specific equipment associated with it has changed over time. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14200 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs142-00/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Publication_Date: 2019 Title: Location and analyses of sediment samples collected on Stellwagen Bank off Boston, Massachusetts from November 5, 2013 to April 30, 2019 on U.S. Geological Survey field activities Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9FWFLPD Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: This publication includes the sediment sample analyses information associated with this field activity and 19 other field activities. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FWFLPD Online_Linkage: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5d95153ee4b0c4f70d10a4f7 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: The image names are in the format staXXXX_Y.jpg where XXXX is the station number and Y is the image number at that station. Each station has 2 images - one showing a broader view of the landscape (Y=1) and the second a close-up of the seabed (Y=2). The difference in view is related to the closeness of the SEABOSS to the seafloor. See the cross-references for a description of the SEABOSS (Blackwood and Parolski, 2001; Valentine and others, 2000). The two images from a station are not from the same geographic location on the video drift, but the EXIF header information in each is the same. This is because the video source imagery did not display time. The latitude and longitude of the two images is based on the station location time recorded in the cruise log book (the location of a sediment sample, or if no sample was collected, the video drift end location). The latitude and longitude of stations recorded in the log book were later adjusted to match the latitude and longitude recorded at that time in the GPS navigation file. The 2016-004-FA_station_data_summary (available from the Larger Work citation) station locations are the same as the image locations at each station. Completeness_Report: Each station has 2 images - one showing a broader view of the landscape and the second a close-up of the seabed that was recorded when sampling was attempted. With 19 stations, this makes a total of 38 JPEG images. In some images from shallow depths, ambient daylight is the dominant light source and causes the images to have a “greenish” coloration. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Although the images do not represent spatial data, the spatial information is available in the EXIF header of each image, which is derived from the station location in the station data summary file (available from the Larger Work citation). The location information for stations was acquired from a satellite navigation receiver (Furuno Satellite Compass SC-30, GPS receiver) at two second intervals with a horizontal accuracy of 10 m. The navigation antenna is located 5.3 m forward of the SEABOSS deployment location. This offset was not accounted for in the navigation acquisition (navigation fixes represent antenna location). The SEABOSS may also drift away from the survey vessel when deployed to the sea floor. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Seabed video was collected using two battery-operated, high-definition (1920 x 1080 pixels) GoPro Hero 4 Black digital video cameras and a SeaViewer high-definition (1920 x 720 pixels) digital camera mounted on the USGS SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS). The SeaViewer camera had a live feed to the surface and was used only to observe obstacles, like gill nets and lobster gear, in order to avoid entanglement. In case of camera failure, the additional cameras provided backup video. All images collected here were acquired with a GoPro camera. As the SEABOSS drifted over the seabed, the GoPro cameras imaged the seabed at a rate of 60 frames per second from an altitude of ~1 meter. Lighting was provided by two battery-operated Keldan LED video lights. Each light provided a light flux of up to 9000 lumens at a correlated color temperature of 5000 kelvin. Two parallel red lasers mounted 20 centimeters apart provided a scale in the video images. Video imagery includes the launch and recovery of the SEABOSS, transit through the water column, and the drift over the seabed. The duration of individual video files ranges from 3.3 to 5.6 minutes. Video files are archived in .MP4 format and range in size from 0.8 to 1.3 gigabytes. These video files are not part of this data release. Video files are archived at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, 384 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543. Process_Date: 2016 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Page C. Valentine Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2239 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Video frame-grab images were extracted from high-definition (1920 x 1080 pixels) GoPro digital video using open source VLC Media Player software (version 2.0.0) developed by the VideoLAN project ( http://www.videolan.org/vlc/index.html ). Two video frame-grab images are provided for each station. One image (staXXXX_1) shows a broad view of the landscape as the SEABOSS drifted over the seabed. The second image (staXXXX_2) shows a close-up of the seabed as the SEABOSS was stationary during the collection of the sediment sample. Where visible, the two parallel red lasers mounted 20 cm apart provide a scale. Process_Date: 2019 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Page C. Valentine Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2239 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Using 2016-004-FA_station_data_summary.csv, the approximate time and location of each photo was derived. The location (latitude and longitude), date, and time for each station was extracted from the CSV file. This information was reformatted using an AWK script so that the following columns of information are available: image name (based on the station number), latitude, longitude, GPS time (in the format HH:MM:SS), and GPS date (in the format YYYYMMDD). This information was written to a CSV file - 2016-004-FA_image_locations.csv Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2016-004-FA_station_data_summary.csv Process_Date: 2020 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 2016-004-FA_image_locations.csv Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: A Python script (writeexif_2_readfile_03_01_21_IDS.py executed with IDLE version 2.7.14 on a Windows 2010 machine) was run that incorporated the information from 2016-004-FA_image_locations.csv, along with additional information, into the appropriate tags in the EXIF header of each GoPro grab image. Although the two images from each station are not from the exact same place, the same information for that station was populated in each photo. The Python script uses ExifTool ( version 11.54 https://exiftool.org ) to write the information to the image headers of the full-resolution images. The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers. Information is duplicated in some tags because different software packages access different tags. > GPS tags: The values populated are unique for each station and based on the information exported from 2016-004-FA_station_data_summary.csv with the exception of the datum and area information. The date and time stamps are based on UTC. > >GPSLatitudeRef >GPSLatitude >GPSLongitudeRef >GPSLongitude >GPSTimeStamp >GSPDateStamp >GPSMapDatum : EPSG:4326 (WGS 84) >GPSAreaInformation: Position post-processed from GPS on ship > >Another element that is unique for each image is the XMP tag for the original filename. >OriginalFileName > JPEG tag: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it, which is the same for every image. > >comment: Image grabs from a GoPro digital video camera mounted on the USGS SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Auk during survey 2016-004-FA ( https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-004-FA ). > EXIF tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it, which is the same for every image. > >ImageDescription: Image grab of the sea floor on Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2016-004-FA >Artist: Page C. Valentine >Copyright: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey >UserComment: Image part of USGS data release https://doi.org/10.5066/P934L7PN >Make: GoPro > IPTC tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it, which is the same for every image. > >Credit: U.S. Geological Survey >Contact: WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov >keywords: Stellwagen Bank, Massachusetts, 2016-004-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS, ground-truth, https://doi.org/10.5066/P934L7PN >CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey >Caption-Abstract: Image grab of the sea floor on Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2016-004-FA > XMP tag: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image except for the ImageUniqueID, which is unique for each image. > >Caption: Image grab of the sea floor on Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2016-004-FA >AttributionURL: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2016-012-FA >Author: Page C. Valentine > Another script run in Python Notebooks (Image_PIDwork.ipnb) was used to mint a unique persistent identifier (image PID) for each image and placed in the header. Additionally, the persistent URL for the metadata record associated with this dataset was also inserted into the image header. > XMP tag: > >ImageUniqueID: The persistent identifier (PID) value minted in the Persistent Identifier Registration (PIR) Tool >ExternalMetadataLink: https://www1.usgs.gov/pir/api/identifiers/XXXXX UsageTerms: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. > From the command-line in Cygwin, the image name was also added to the header with the following command: exiftool -P "-originalfilename To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 11.54, slight modifications of the command might be necessary depending on the operating system of the user): > exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -GPSMapDatum -GPSAreaInformation -Artist -Credit -comment -contact -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription -UserComment -AttributionURL -GPSAreaInformation -Author -Contributor -ImageUniqueID -ExternalMetadataLink -Make -UsageTerms -OriginalFileName *.jpg > out.csv > The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. Whether you use exiftool or exiftool.exe will depend on the system on which the command is being run. Process_Date: 2020 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Location information in the EXIF header and also indicated by the station location in the station data summary file (available from the Larger Work citation). Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.00001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.00001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Although the images do not have attributes per se, the EXIF header information can be extracted or viewed to give additional information about each image. The process step explains how to extract the information from the image header, and is replicated here. To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 11.54): > exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -GPSMapDatum -GPSAreaInformation -Artist -Credit -comment -contact -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription -UserComment -AttributionURL -GPSAreaInformation -Author -Contributor -ImageUniqueID -ExternalMetadataLink -Make -UsageTerms -OriginalFileName *.jpg > out.csv > The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. Whether you use exiftool or exiftool.exe will depend on the system on which the command is being run. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Page C. Valentine Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2239 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov Resource_Description: 2016-004-FA_SeabedImages.zip contains the 38 JPEG images that are frame grabs from the video (2 images at each station), the browse graphic (2016-004-FA_seabedimage_browse.jpg), and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format. Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: JPEG Format_Information_Content: The ZIP file contains JPEG image files, the browse graphic, and the associated FGDC CSDGM metadata. Transfer_Size: 17 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2016-004-FA/data/imagery/2016-004-FA_SeabedImages.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2016-004-FA/ Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P934L7PN Access_Instructions: The first link is to download the data in a ZIP file. The second and third links, the latter of which is the DOI designation of the publication, both go to the landing page of the data. Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: The ZIP file contains images in JPEG format. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the ZIP file and viewing the JPEG images. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240318 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998