Page C. Valentine 2018 1.0 raster data release DOI:10.5066/P9A57QWI Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A57QWI https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2017-043-FA/ Page C. Valentine VeeAnn A. Cross 2018 1.0 data release DOI:10.5066/P9A57QWI Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Valentine, P.C., and Cross, V.A., 2018, Sea-floor sediment samples, seabed imagery, and CTD instrument data collected on Stellwagen Bank in August 2017, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2017-043-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A57QWI. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A57QWI https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2017-043-FA/ This field activity is part of an effort to map geologic substrates of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts. The overall goal is to develop high-resolution (1:25,000-scale) interpretive maps, based on multibeam sonar data and seabed sampling, showing surficial geology and seabed sediment dynamics. The data collected in this study will aid research on the ecology of fish and invertebrate species that inhabit the region. On August 22 and 23, 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, conducted a research cruise aboard the Sanctuary’s Research Vessel Auk, visiting 39 locations within the sanctuary. A customized Van Veen grab sampler (SEABOSS) equipped with a video camera and a conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) instrument was deployed in drift mode to collect sediment for grain-size analysis, video imagery of the seabed, and measurements of water column properties. To provide still images representative of the sea floor that were extracted from video imagery acquired with the SEABed OBservation and Sampling System (SEABOSS). These data provide ground-truth information for geophysical datasets and are used in seabed interpretations. The images have location information in the EXIF header and are also the same as the station locations in the 2017-043-FA_station_data_summary file available from the Larger Work citation. Additional information regarding this field activity is available from https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-043-FA. 20170822 20170823 ground condition of when data were collected. complete None planned -70.408960 -70.226370 42.194880 42.084520 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:40f62286-f406-4480-8d84-e0f8f61324ce None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC grab sample images sample photographs ground-truth JPEG SEABed Observation and Sampling System SEABOSS sediment sample images ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans geoscientificInformation USGS Thesaurus image collections sea-floor characteristics marine geology field monitoring stations None North America United States Massachusetts Atlantic Ocean Stellwagen Bank Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary SBNMS Massachusetts Bay None. None. U.S. Geological Survey Page C. Valentine Research Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2239 (508) 457-2310 pvalentine@usgs.gov https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2017-043-FA/data/imagery/2017-043-FA_sampleimage_browse.jpg Browse graphic of an example grab sample still image on Stellwagen Bank. JPEG D.S. Blackwood K.F. Parolski 2001 Sea Technology v. 42, no. 2, p.39-43 P. Valentine D. Blackwood K. Parolski 2000 U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-142-00 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs142-00/ The image names are in the format: 2017043FAXXXX_staYYYY_Z.JPG. The designation 2017043FA is the field activity number assigned to the cruise by the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center; the first four digits represents the year, and the next three digits represent the activity number in that year; XXXX is the image number recorded by the camera; YYYY is the station number; Z represents R or L, the right and left-hand sides of the sample surface in the grab sampler. Of the 37 samples collected, 27 of the sediment sample have two images – one showing the sediment surface in the right-hand side of the sampler, and the other showing the sediment surface in the left-hand side of the sampler. Stations 4635-4644 only have the right-hand surface photographed. When the sampler was completely full, both sides looked the same so only one photo was necessary. In these instances, the sampler was full. The clock on the camera was not perfectly synced to the GPS time, so the GPSTimeStamp value in the EXIF header will not match the time portion of the DateTime, DateTimeOriginal, or DateTimeDigitized elements in the EXIF header. Sediment samples were collected at 37 of the 39 stations visited. Most sediment samples have two images – one showing the sediment surface in the right-hand side of the sampler, and the other showing the sediment surface in the left-hand side of the sampler. For 10 stations (4635-4644) only the right-hand side was photographed (10 images); for the other 27 samples, both right-hand and left-hand sides were photographed (54 images); giving a total of 64 images. Although the images do not represent spatial data, the spatial information is available in the EXIF header of each image, which is derived from the station data summary file (available from the Larger Work citation). The location information for stations was acquired from a satellite navigation receiver (Furuno satellite compass SC-30, GPS receiver) at two second intervals with a horizontal accuracy of 10 m. The navigation antenna is located 5.3 m forward of the SEABOSS deployment location. This offset was not accounted for in the navigation acquisition (navigation fixes represent antenna location). Still images of sediment sample surfaces were collected using a hand-held Nikon 7100 digital camera with a resolution of 24 megapixels (6000 x 4000 pixels), using a 18-200x zoom lens with an aperture ranging from f3.5 to f5.6. A Nikon macro Speedlight was used for illumination. After retrieval of the SEABOSS and placement on its wooden stand, the two doors (right and left) in the top of the Van Veen grab sampler were opened and a photo was taken of the sediment surface in each side of the sampler bucket except when the sampler was complete full. In those instances, both sides looked the same so only one photo was necessary. The centimeter scale in the image allows measurement of the distance from the top of the grab bucket to the top of the sediment surface and provides a qualitative measure of the volume of sediment collected by the grab, which is 15 cm deep in the deepest part of the sampler. 2017 U.S. Geological Survey Page C. Valentine Research Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2239 (508) 457-2310 pvalentine@usgs.gov Using the 2017-043-FA_station_data_summary.csv, the approximate time and location of each photo was derived. Two stations in the summary file were for plankton tows, so those records were deleted for this process. Any station that did not collect a sediment sample was also deleted. The station location (latitude and longitude), date and time for each remaining station was extracted from the CSV file. This information was reformatted using an awk script (awksampleimages_2017-043-FA) so that the following columns of information were available: image name (based on the station number), julian day, GPS date (in the format YYYYMMDD), GPS time (in the format HH:MM:SS), latitude, and longitude. This information was written to a CSV file - 2017-043-FA_grabimage_locations.csv. This CSV files was then manually edited to remove records that referenced "L" images that did not exist. Also, the image name was manually edited to add the original image number recorded by the camera, and change "jpg" to "JPG". This process step and subsequent process steps (unless otherwise noted), were performed by the same person - VeeAnn A. Cross. 2017-043-FA_station_data_summary.csv 20180109 2017-043-FA_grabimage_locations.csv U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov A python script (writeexif_2_readfile_11_24_15.py executed with IDLE version 2.7.3) was then run that incorporated the information from 2017-043-FA_image_locations.csv, along with additional information, into the appropriate locations in the EXIF header of each GoPro grab image at each station. Although the two images from each station aren't from exactly the same place, the same information for that station was populated in each photo. The PYTHON script uses ExifTool (version 9.4.6.0) to write the information to the image headers of the full-resolution images. The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers. Information is duplicated in some tags. This was done because different software packages access different tags. GPS tags: The values populated are unique for each image and based on the information exported from the photo locations shapefile. >GPSLatitudeRef >GPSLatitude >GPSLongitudeRef >GPSLongitude >GPSTimeStamp >GSPDateStamp JPEG tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it. comment: Photo of grab sample in sampler from a hand-held Nikon 7100 digital camera aboard the R/V Auk during survey 2017-043-FA ( https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-043-FA ). EXIF tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image. >ImageDescription: Photo of grab sample in sampler from a sample on Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2017-043-FA >Artist: Page C. Valentine >Copyright: Public Domain - please credit the U.S. Geological Survey IPTC tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image. >Credit: U.S. Geological Survey >Contact: WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov >Keywords: Stellwagen Bank, Massachusetts, 2017-043-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS, ground-truth >CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey >Caption-Abstract: Photo of grab sample in sampler from a sample on Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2017-043-FA XMP tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image. Caption: Photo of grab sample in sampler from a sample on Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2017-043-FA To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 9.4.6.0): exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription *.jpg > out.csv The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. 2017-043-FA_grabimage_locations.csv *.JPG 20180109 *.JPG Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20200908 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Location information in the EXIF header and also indicated by the station location in the station data summary data file (available from the Larger Work citation). 0.000001 0.000001 Decimal degrees D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.000000 298.257224 Although the seabed images do not have attributes per se, the EXIF header information can be extracted or viewed to give additional information about each image. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Page C. Valentine Research Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2239 (508) 457-2310 pvalentine@usgs.gov 2017-043-FA_SampleImages.zip contains the 64 JPEG images that are grabs from the video (2 images at each station), the browse graphic (2017-043-FA_sampleimage_browse.jpg) and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in TXT, XML, and HTML formats. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. JPEG The zip file contains JPEG image files, browse graphic, and the associated FGDC CSDGM metadata. 534 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2017-043-FA/data/imagery/2017-043-FA_SeabedImages.zip https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A57QWI https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2017-043-FA/ The first link is to download the data in a zip file. The second and third links are to the landing page of the data. Although the last two links go to the same place, one is the DOI designation of the publication. none The zip file contains images in JPEG format. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and viewing the JPEG images. 20240318 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998