Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2014 Title: Point Shapefiles of Locations and Results of Ocean Bottom Ferromanganese Crusts Chemical Analyses Published in Appendix C of USGS Open-File Report 89-020 Edition: 1.1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 89-020 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Other_Citation_Details: This is the digital representation of data originally published in tables in a paper publication - U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-020. Subsequently, the digital files associated with those tables were uploaded to National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8920V.1.1 Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0020/downloads/ Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0020/downloads/ofr89-020_tables1-18.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: F.T. Manheim Originator: C.M. Lane-Bostwick Publication_Date: 1989 Title: Chemical Composition of Ferromanganese Crusts in the Word Ocean: A Review and Comprehensive Database Edition: 1.1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 89-020 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0020/ Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8920V.1.1 Description: Abstract: The chemical compositions and natural distribution of ferromanganese crusts have been a topic of interest to scientific research, as well as to industrial and military applications. These crusts form largely on hard substrates in marine environments largely free from heavy amounts of sedimentation. They are distinct from ferromanganese nodules that form in abyssal geographic locations, by their chemical composition, mineralogy, and source of metals. A database containing analytical data pertaining to globally distributed crust samples was assembled from published and unpublished sources. These sources come from academic and government research laboratories, with contributions from U.S. and international sources. > Manheim and Lane-Bostwick (1989) provide analytical results gathered from published and unpublished sources in a series of 20 tables in Appendix C: >Table 1 - Composition of crusts analyzed by the USGS Reston analytical laboratories >Table 2 - Composition of ferromanganese crusts analyzed by USGS Woods Hole analytical laboratories >Table 3 - Chemical composition of ferromanganese crusts analyzed by Bureau of Mines Avondale analytical laboratories >Table 4 - Composition of ferromanganese crusts analyzed by the Technical University, Clausthal-Zellerfield (TUCLZ) and the German Geological Survey >Table 5 - Composition of ferromanganese crusts analyzed onboard the SP Lee cruises L5-83HW and L5-84CP using Portaspec XRF >Table 5a - Composition of ferromanganese crusts analyzed onboard the R/V Sonne cruises Midpac2a and Midpac2b using XRF >Table 6 - Composition of ferromanganese crusts analyzed by the Japanese (Usui, unpublished data) >Table 7 - Composition of ferromanganese crusts analyzed by Analytical Services Company (cruise KK84) >Table 8 - Composition of ferromanganese crusts analyzed by Aplin (PhD. thesis) - major and minor analyses; Table 8a - Composition of ferromanganese crusts analyzed by Aplin (PhD. thesis) - rare earth elements >Table 9 - Composition of crusts from the Scripps Nodule Databank - major and minor analyses >Table 10 - Trace analyses of crusts from the Scripps Nodule Databank >Table 11 - Composition of Manganese oxide as reported by the NGDC - major and minor analyses >Table 12 - Composition of ferromanganese crusts as reported in Glasby (written communication), Dillard and Crowther (1984) and Exon (1982) >Table 13 - Composition of ferromanganese crusts as reported in Volkov and others (1976) and Dymond and others (1984) >Table 14 - Chemical composition of ferromanganese crusts as reported in Goddard and others (1987) >Table 15 - Chemical composition of ferromanganese crust layers as reported in Goddard and others (1987) >Table 16 - Chemical composition of ferromanganese crusts as reported in DeCarlo and others (1987) >Table 17 - Chemical composition of ferromanganese crusts as reported in DeCarlo and others (1987) >Table 18 - Chemical composition of ferromanganese crusts as reported in OF87-281 (Hein and others, 1987). > Citation list: > Aplin, A.C., 1983, The geochemistry and environment of deposition of some ferromanganese oxide deposits from the south equatorial Pacific: D.Sc. dissertation, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London, 347 p. > DeCarlo, E.H., McMurtry, G.M., and Kim, K.H., 1987, Geochemistry of ferromanganese crusts from the Hawaiian Archipelago Exclusive Economic Zone - Northern survey areas; Deep-Sea Research, v. 34, p. 441-467. > Dillard, J.D., Crowther, D.L., 1984, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of ferromanganese nodules: Chemical speciation for selected transition metals: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, no. 5, p. 1565-1569. > Dymond, J., Lyle, M., Finney, B., Piper, D.Z., Murphy, K., Conard, R., and Pisia, N., 1984, Ferromanganese nodules from MANOP Sites H, S, and R - Control of mineralogical and chemical composition by multiple accretionary processes: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, p. 931-949. > Exon, N.F., 1982, Offshore sediments, phosphorite and manganese nodules in the Samoan region, southwest pacific: Southwest Pacific Marine Geological Notes, v. 2, no. 7, p. 103-120. > Goddard, D.A., Thompson, G., Jones, E.J.W., and Okada, H., 1987, The chemistry and mineralogy of ferromanganese encrustations on rocks from the Sierra Leone Rise, Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge and New England Seamount Chain: Marine Geology, v. 77, p. 87-98. > Hein, J.R., Fleishman, C.L., Morgenson, L.A., Bloomer, S.H., and Stern, R.J., 1987, Submarine ferromanganese deposits from the Mariana and Volcano volcanic arcs, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-281, 9 p. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr87281. > Manheim, F.T., Lane-Bostwick, C.M., 1989, Chemical composition of ferromanganese crusts in the world ocean: A review and comprehensive database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-020, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0020/report.pdf > Volkov, I.I., Fomina, L.S., and Yagadinskaya, T.A., 1976, Chemical composition of iron-manganese concretions of the Pacific Ocean on the transect from Wake Atoll to the Mexican coast (in Russian), in Volkov, I.I. (ed.), Biokhimiya Diageneza Osadkov Okeana, Nauka, Moscow, p. 186-204. Purpose: The purpose of this dataset is to release the information contained in Tables 1-18 of Appendix C from USGS Open-File Report 89-020 in a GIS compatible format. This publication contains the analysis information of the chemical composition of ferromanaganese crusts in the world oceans. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2014 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -179.8 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 179.883000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 56.17 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -65.62 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:158a2b61-d03f-4441-ba37-f6a324f47392 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: ferromanganese crust Theme_Keyword: chemical analysis Theme_Keyword: chemical composition Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Alexandria Digital Library Feature Type Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: mineral deposit areas Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics Theme_Keyword: mineral resources Theme_Keyword: field sampling Theme_Keyword: geochemistry Theme_Keyword: sedimentary rocks Theme_Keyword: atomic absorption analysis Theme_Keyword: atomic emission spectroscopy Theme_Keyword: x-ray fluorescence Theme_Keyword: aluminum Theme_Keyword: antimony Theme_Keyword: arsenic Theme_Keyword: barium Theme_Keyword: beryllium Theme_Keyword: bismuth Theme_Keyword: boron Theme_Keyword: cadmium Theme_Keyword: calcium Theme_Keyword: carbon Theme_Keyword: cerium Theme_Keyword: chlorine Theme_Keyword: chromium Theme_Keyword: cobalt Theme_Keyword: copper Theme_Keyword: dysprosium Theme_Keyword: erbium Theme_Keyword: europium Theme_Keyword: fluorine Theme_Keyword: gadolinium Theme_Keyword: gallium Theme_Keyword: hafnium Theme_Keyword: holmium Theme_Keyword: iron Theme_Keyword: lanthanum Theme_Keyword: lead Theme_Keyword: lutetium Theme_Keyword: magnesium Theme_Keyword: manganese Theme_Keyword: mercury Theme_Keyword: molybdenum Theme_Keyword: neodymium Theme_Keyword: nickel Theme_Keyword: palladium Theme_Keyword: phosphorus Theme_Keyword: platinum Theme_Keyword: potassium Theme_Keyword: praseodymium Theme_Keyword: rhodium Theme_Keyword: samarium Theme_Keyword: scandium Theme_Keyword: selenium Theme_Keyword: silicon Theme_Keyword: silver Theme_Keyword: sodium Theme_Keyword: strontium Theme_Keyword: sulfur Theme_Keyword: tellurium Theme_Keyword: terbium Theme_Keyword: thallium Theme_Keyword: thorium Theme_Keyword: thulium Theme_Keyword: tin Theme_Keyword: titanium Theme_Keyword: tungsten Theme_Keyword: uranium Theme_Keyword: vanadium Theme_Keyword: ytterbium Theme_Keyword: yttrium Theme_Keyword: zinc Theme_Keyword: zirconium Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None. Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: Indian Ocean Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.2.1.3497 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: C.M. Lane Originator: F.T. Manheim Originator: J.C. Hathaway Originator: T.H. Ling Publication_Date: 1986 Title: Station Maps of the World Ocean-Ferromanganese-Crust Data Base Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Field Studies Map Issue_Identification: 1869 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1986/1869/ Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1869 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The digital files contain all the original data from the files downloaded from NGDC, with some formatting changes noted in the process steps below. There are instances where the digital files differ from the paper version of the data, but the digital files were not edited to match the paper version. The accuracy of the individual measurements is a function of the laboratory in which the measurements were made. Please refer to U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-020 for details of the analyses. Although not corrected, some anomalies were noted. Tables 8 and 8a both have a sample with Sequence Number 016008, but the latitude value in Table 8 is negative. This is assumed to be an error because Table 8 and a previously published map have the point at the positive latitude. Additionally, there are samples with a depth of 0, where other samples with the same latitude/longitude don't have zero for the depth value. Table 12 has an extra column of values between Ca and K that does not appear in the OFR. Table 15 had an extra blank column between subsamp_no and posfrmsurf. Logical_Consistency_Report: Some elements of the data published in the paper reports did not translate well to the digital files. These usually represented notes or special characters in the table that were defined outside the table. These elements are describe in process step 1 and are different for each table (or the table might not need any special handling). How these anomalies were handled is explained in process step 3. Completeness_Report: All the records from the obtained digital files pertaining to Tables 1 to 18 of Open-File Report 89-020 are included. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The overall accuracy of the data is unknown. Given the time frame of the data collection, positional accuracy is assumed to be around 1 kilometer. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No information is recorded regarding how the depths were measured that is present in the data files. Therefore no accuracy value can be assumed. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Originator: U.S. National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Publication_Date: 1991 Title: U.S. Geological Survey Ferromanganese Crust Data Set Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: NGDC Data Set Issue_Identification: 1019 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Boulder, CO Publisher: National Geophysical Data Center Other_Citation_Details: This citation refers to the location where the digital data were acquired. Online_Linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/geology/usgscrust.html Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1991 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: FeMn Manheim Source_Contribution: The digital files corresponding to tables 1-18 in U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-020 were uploaded to National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) - assuming the upload was around 1991 according to the README.TXT file. In turn, the data were downloaded from that site (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/geology/usgscrust.html) on August 6, 2014. The following information regarding the data is extracted from the README.TXT file. > The files on disk that are prefixed with file??.F represent the chemical data as reported in Appendix C of OF89-020. Data is in free format and uses a comma as a field delimiter. Each field in a record represents a line of data in the table and each record represents a column (not counting the first column which in a sense could be viewed as a header record). All data are on a water corrected basis. Latitude and longitude are in decimal degrees where negative values are south and west respectively. Depth is in meters. In the case of a dredge the position data recorded in the chemical tables represent when the dredge first is on the bottom. Note in all tables values in wt% and values in ppm are grouped separately. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: F.T. Manheim Originator: C.M. Lane-Bostwick Publication_Date: 1989 Title: Chemical Composition of Ferromanganese Crusts in the World Ocean: A Review and Conmprehensive Database Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 89-020 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: The original publication containing the data in tabular format. Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr8920 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8920V.1.1 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1989 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: FeMnOFR Source_Contribution: The Open-File Report provided the details necessary to complete the metadata and verify the data headers. Process_Step: Process_Description: The digital ASCII files for tables 1-18 were downloaded from NGDC. Process_Date: 20140806 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Brian J. Buczkowski Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Core Curator and Data Management Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-458-8700 x2361 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbuczkowski@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The downloaded digital ASCII files for tables 1-18 were modified by adding a header line. The README.TXT file, that accompanied the tables when downloaded, was used as a guide to add the header line to each of the individual data files. Table 13 had to be split into three separate files to accommodate the inconsistencies in the paper version of the table. The ASCII file listed elements measured in order, and they weren't necessarily the same for each sequence number. The README file gave the following detailed information regarding the individual files: > FILE01.F - Table 1. Analyses performed by Analytical Labs Washington, DC. Lab# is the number assigned by A-labs. Oxides were calculated by authors based on reported ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) elemental analyses received by A-labs. Sums were calculated by authors as described on page 63. gamma refers to the correction factor that would be needed to bring the observed sum to the theoretical sum of 98.6 as explained on pgs 63-64. 'Sampled interval' is represented by the last two fields in the file. Note that oxides are in wt% and trace elements are in ppm. In the printed table are symbols next to the sequence no (seqno) that represent possible contamination by underlying substrate. These symbols are NOT represented in the computer file. You may want to flag them in a dbms. They are as follows: dagger=basalt, double dagger=carbonate and asterisk=high magnesium. > FILE02.F - Table 2. Analyses by our labs in Woods Hole. Done by XRF. For these data, asterisks next to the lab# signifies an analysis done with DC PLASMA SPECTROMETRY for comparative studies. The fields 500oC and 1000oC are weight percent loss on ignition (LOI). > FILE03.F - Table 3. Bureau of Mines labs in Avondale, Md for interlaboratory analyses. Method used was Atomic Absorption (AA). > FILE04.F - Table 4. Bulk sample and micro-sampling by drilling by spectrometric methods. > FILE05.F and FILE5a.F - Table 5 & Table 5a. Shipboard data (XRF Portaspec) > FILE06.F - Table 6. Japanese data (AA after borate fusion) > FILE07.F - Table 7. Analytical Services, Co.(AA?)- Kana Keoki 84 samples > FILE08.F - Table 8. Aplin PhD thesis - Major elements by AA, rare earths by chemical separation followed by ICP. > FILE09.F - Table 9. SIO database - Changed seqno to incorporate analysis number, therefore 0800024-01 is sequence number = 0800024 and analysis number = 01. Changed codes to text in description of sample type, portion sampled and nucleus. Note the fields, sample type and sample portion as recorded in the datafile each have two fields associated with it. They need to be concatenated into one field. Fields 30 and 31 = sample type and fields 32 and 33 = portion sampled. > FILE10.F - Table 10. SIO database - trace elements. Chemical values followed by an asterisk are considered to be highly questionable. > FILE11.F - Table 11. NGDC data Corresponding sample data are in file NGDC.txt. > FILE12.F - FILE18.F These tables contain chemical analyses from references as stated in the captions. Note that in table 13, Ba should be in ppm. Process_Date: 201408 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The VB 2010 program SchemaGen (a simple VS 2010 tool written by VeeAnn Cross at the USGS in Woods Hole) was used to generate the appropriate field definition information for the schema.ini file for each table. This enables the hard coding of an attribute type when the file is brought into ArcGIS. For instance, the Sequence number in the tables often had leading zeros. Because ArcGIS would have recognized this field as numeric, those leading zeros would have been lost. By assigning that field to be a text attribute, those leading zeros were maintained. Creating an appropriate schema.ini file to define the attributes aids in the prevention of data being lost because ArcGIS interprets the field as the wrong attribute type. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - VeeAnn A. Cross. Process_Date: 20140807 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The comma-delimited text files for each table were then added to ArcMap 9.3.1 as an event theme and converted to shapefiles. Table 1 had the "contam" attribute added to account for the special symbols attached to various sequence #'s that didn't translate to the digital version of the data. This is discussed in the first process step. The "modifier" attribute was added to the shapefiles that needed it to account for the "<" symbol preceding some of the numeric values in the paper version of the tables. In the original text file, any numeric value represented in the paper version of the table with a "<" symbol was translated to a negative value. In order to maintain the numeric value of the individual measurements, an attribute was added called "modifier". This column lists the attributes where the measurement value was preceded by a "<" in the paper version, or a negative sign in the digital version. Then the corresponding attributes had the negative sign removed. The tables that had this attribute added are Table 1, Table 5, Table 5a, Table 12, and Table 18. Table 2 had the attribute "analysis" added to reflect those samples that had an asterisk in the paper table indicating analysis done with DC Plasma Spectrometry for comparative studies. Table 10 had the attribute "uncertain" added to reflect those elements that had an asterisk next to the analysis indicating those values were highly questionable. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: file*.f Process_Date: 20140808 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: table*_ofr89-020.shp Process_Step: Process_Description: Both the tables and the comma-delimited text files had some blanks. Shapefiles don't allow blanks in numeric fields, those blanks are automatically converted to zeros. I would verify with both the paper tables and the original text files that no zeros occurred, and then replace all zeros with -9999 in the shapefile. In the instance of zeros actually occurring in the data files, those zeros were maintained as zeros. Process_Date: 201409 Process_Step: Process_Description: The ASCII file marked the end of a record with "$". That attribute was deleted from the shapefile. Process_Date: 20140909 Process_Step: Process_Description: Using XTools Pro (version 7.1.0) in ArcMap 9.3.1 - export the attribute table to a comma-delimited text file using Table Operations - Export Table to Text. Exclude the attribute FID from the export. Export each shapefile to a CSV file with the same prefix name. For instance, table1_ofr89-020.shp is exported to table1_ofr89-020.csv. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: table*_ofr89-020.shp Process_Date: 20140912 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: table*_ofr89-020.csv Process_Step: Process_Description: Added USGS Thesaurus keywords. Add the DOI link in the identification section and as a network resource name. Also added DOI links in the cross-references and source contribution when possible. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes (20210412) The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Tweaked a thesaurus name (20211117). Process_Date: 20211117 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D North American 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The definitions of the attributes are surmised based on the Open-File Report publication. Not all of the tables have the same analyses. However, the tables are consistent enough that the following information should cover the bulk of the information in the tables, with details and additional information available from the Open-File Report. In the case of numeric attributes, no data or blank values were replaced by -9999. If an attribute occurs in only a couple of Tables, that is noted. > sequence_n: Sequence number. Six digit number where the first 3 digits are based on the "Marsden Square" system and the last 3 digits are an assigned serial number for each sample within that 10-degree grid segment. This is a numeric field represented as a text field to maintain leading zeros. > latitude: Latitude of sample location in decimal degrees. > longitude: Longitude of sample location in decimal degrees. > depth: Depth of sample location measured in meters. > lab_no: Sample number assigned by the laboratory performing the analysis, enabling recheck of data by analysts. > Oxides (such as SiO2, TiO2, MnO2) measured in weight percent. The oxides represented in each table varies. > Elements (such as As, Ba, Cd) measured in parts per million (ppm). The elements represented in each table varies. Of note: As is a reserved term in ArcGIS, so the attribute name was modified from the original heading to As_ppm. > Sum: Sum of the weight percent oxides excluding the H2Ominus values because the data are presented on a hygroscopic moisture-free basis. The summation also does not include Cl and SO4 values (mainly due to dried sea water in pore fluid) nor trace metals. Occurs in Table 1. > gamma: The correction factor that would be needed to bring the observed sum to the theoretical sum of 98.6 as explained on pages 63-64 in the paper version of the OFR. Occurs in Table 1. > sampled: The sample used for analysis. Blanks exist, but unsure what that means. > interval: The sampled interval in millimeters. Refers to the portion of the crust taken for analysis. Where no description is given, one can generally assume that a bulk sample was used. Many, especially older Scripps Institution Node Data Bank (SNDB) materials may represent indeterminate samplings of crusts, and even for newer material, surfaces of crusts may be ground off by unprotected chain dredge bags during recovery. > thickness: Refers to the thickness in millimeters of the sample or subsample. Occurs in Table 8. > LOI500C: Weight percent loss on ignition at 500 degrees Celsius. Occurs in Table 2. > LOI1000C: Weight percent loss on ignition at 1000 degrees Celsius. Occurs in Table 2. > nucleus: Refers to the nucleus of the sample analyzed. Occurs in Table 9. > substrate: Refers to the substrate of the sample, and can be combined with substrate2 for a full description. Occurs in Table 14. > substrate2: Modifier for the substrate - combined with substrate give a full description of the sample substrate. Occurs in Table 14. > posfrmsurf: The position from the surface of the sample measured in mm. Occurs in Table 15. > reference: This reference number refers to the cross-reference list provided in Chapter XIII of OFR 89-020. Occurs in Tables 9 and 10. > LOI: Weight percent loss on ignition. Occurs in Table 16. > MMBIB: Marine Minerals Bibliography number, a unique field that incorporates author and date of publication of reference where data were obtained. Occurs in Table 11. > analysis_n: Assumed this refers to the analysis number in the event that more than one analysis was run. Occurs in Table 11 and could not find a good explanation. Based on other data at NGDC, the 0 probably reflects "unknown". > sampletype: Coded value for sample type. Occurs in Table 11 but could not find the explanation for the numeric values in the OFR. Searching NGDC yielded the following site: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/geology/mmdb.html. Within the documentation: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/geology/mmdb/mmdbdoc.html the following sample type definitions were found - which we have assumed pertains to this table. > >Sample Type Code: (SIO with additions, use '00' for unknown) >00 = unknown >01 = Mn nodule or nodules >02 = Mn nodule in sediment >03 = micronodules >04 = micronodules in sediment >05 = nodules and micronodules >06 = Mn-encrusted sediment >07 = Mn-coated rock >08 = Mn crust or pavement >09 = Mn-coated organic material >10 = several crusts >19 = metalliferous hydrothermal sediment >20 = stratiform deposit >For this table, leading zeros were not included in the original text files. > unknown1: A column of values present in Table 12 that does not appear in the OFR. > blank: A column of blank values present in Table 15 that does not appear in the OFR. > The following attributes were added to account for special notations in the OFR that did not translate to the digital data. > contam: In the printed table are symbols next to the sequence number (sequence_n) that represent possible contamination by underlying substrate. A value in this field indicates possible contamination and indicates the substrate of the contamination. Occurs in Table 1. > modifier: Accounts for the "<" symbol preceding some of the numeric values in the paper version of the tables. The symbol, and the attributes that they were applied to are listed in this attribute for the samples in which they occur. Occurs in Tables 1, 5, 5a, 12, 18. > analysis: Reflects those samples that had an asterisk in the paper table indicating analysis done with DC Plasma Spectrometry for comparative studies. Occurs in Table 2. > uncertain: Chemical values followed by an asterisk were considered to be highly questionable. This attribute lists the elements for each sample that contained an asterisk. Occurs in Table 10. > See Process Step 1 for information regarding each specific table. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Manheim, F.T., Lane-Bostwick, C.M., 1989, Chemical composition of ferromanganese crusts in the world ocean: A review and comprehensive database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-020. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Brian J. Buczkowski Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2361 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bbuczkowski@usgs.gov Resource_Description: tables1-18_ofr89-020.zip. This zip file contains the individual shapefiles for tables 1-18, a CSV file corresponding to each shapefile, a single FGDC CSDGM metadata file describing the shapefiles (in 4 formats), and a readme.txt file. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 9.3.1 Format_Information_Content: WinZip (version 14.0) file contains the shapefiles of each table, the comma-delimited text file exported from each shapefile, the FGDC CSDGM metadata, and the readme.txt file distributed with the original ASCII text files at NGDC. File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 0.563 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0020/downloads/ofr89-020_tables1-18.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8920V.1.1 Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV Format_Version_Number: XTools Pro v. 7.1 Format_Information_Content: WinZip (version 14.0) file contains the shapefiles of each table, the comma-delimited text file exported from each shapefile, the FGDC CSDGM metadata, and the readme.txt file distributed with the original ASCII text files at NGDC File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 0.563 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0020/downloads/ofr89-020_tables1-18.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8920V.1.1 Fees: None. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240318 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time