Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: David C. Twichell Publication_Date: 2000 Title: Enhanced sidescan-sonar TIFF images in a UTM projection on the inner continental shelf off the northern Oregon and southern Washington Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 00-167 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00167 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-167/data/sidescan/utmtifs/enhanced/ Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: David C. Twichell Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Originator: Kenneth F. Parolski Publication_Date: 2000 Title: Sidescan-sonar Imagery, Surface Sediment Samples, and Surficial Geologic Interpretation of the Southwestern Washington Inner Continental Shelf Based on Data Collected During Corliss Cruises 97007 and 98014 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 00-167 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-167/ Description: Abstract: Two 21-day field operations were conducted in 1997 and 1998 in the estuaries and on the inner continental shelf off the northern Oregon and southern Washington coast. These cruises aboard the R/V Corliss were run in order to generate reconnaissance maps of the seafloor geology and the shallow subsurface stratigraphy using sidescan-sonar and seismic-reflection mapping techniques. The 1998 cruise also collected sediment grab samples, bottom photographs, and video images to verify the sidescan-sonar imagery and to document the seafloor geology. The combination of these data with previously collected sediment sample data (Robert, 1974; Nittrouer, 1978; and Smith et. al., 1980) has been used to define the extent and lithology of shelf sediments associated with the Columbia River littoral cell. This work is one component of a larger project studying the erosion of the Washington Oregon coasts and is being coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Washington State Department of Ecology. The reasons for collecting these data are to provide a regional synthesis of the offshore geology for this project and to support a wide variety of management decisions and to provide a basis for further process-oriented investigations. Purpose: This is a collection of digital sidescan-sonar imagery in TIFF image format with corresponding TIFF world files for image registration. These images are in a UTM projection with an image resolution is 2 m/pixel. Supplemental_Information: Roberts, R.W., 1974, Marine sedimentological data of the Washington continental shelf: University of Washington, Department of Oceanography Special Report 57, 129p. Nittrouer, C.A., 1978, The process of detrital sediment accumulation in a continental shelf environment: an examination of the Washington shelf: PhD Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 243p. Smith, J.M., Messmer, L.W., Phipps, J.B., Samuelson, D.F., and Schermer, E.D., 1980, Grays Harbor and Chehalis River improvements to navigation environmental studies - Grays Harbor ocean disposal study: literature review and preliminary benthic sampling: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Internal Report. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19970827 Beginning_Time: 20040000Z Ending_Date: 19980916 Ending_Time: 18430000Z Currentness_Reference: 1998 Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.500000 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.800000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: +47.350000 South_Bounding_Coordinate: +45.900000 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:53edd302-ad1e-43ab-ba0d-aead7036853e Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Corliss Theme_Keyword: CRLS98014 Theme_Keyword: image Theme_Keyword: TIFF Theme_Keyword: TIFF world file Theme_Keyword: sidescan-sonar Theme_Keyword: CRLS97007 Theme_Keyword: UTM projection Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: sea-floor acoustic reflectivity Theme_Keyword: image mosaics Theme_Keyword: sidescan sonar Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: Washington Place_Keyword: Oregon Place_Keyword: WA Place_Keyword: OR Place_Keyword: Inner shelf off Columbia River Place_Keyword: Columbia River Littoral Cell Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: The U.S. Geological Survey must be referenced as the originator of the dataset in any future products or research derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: David C. Twichell Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Field Center 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dtwichell@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Seafloor Mapping Group Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: All of the sidescan-sonar data were collected and processed in the same manner, with the following exception: In 1997, 14 files representing portions or all of 8 lines of data were collected and stored as 8-bit data rather than 16-bit data. These lines are indicated in the 'tracks97' shapefile with the "acquired" attribute. Completeness_Report: All sidescan-sonar data collected on the two cruises, CRLS97007 and CRLS98014, are represented in these files. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The sidescan-sonar data is merged with navigation collected with P-CODE GPS.  No instrumentation was available to estimate the range to the sidescan-sonar towfish. However, most of the data were acquired in fairly shallow water, therefore the layback (wire out) was minimal. Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 20 Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: P-CODE GPS has a resolution of greater than 10m (10-20m) Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Sidescan-sonar data were collected using an EdgeTech sidescan-sonar system and logged to a Triton QMIPS data acquisition system. The EdgeTech system acquired data at a rate of 7.5 pulses/sec yielding a total swath width of 200m (100m range to each side of the sidescan-sonar towfish). The digital sidescan-sonar data were processed and mapped to provide proper geographic orientation of the data. Although the EdgeTech system is a dual-frequency system (100kHz and 500kHz), this particular study only processed and used the 100kHz data. The processing steps of the sidescan-sonar data included; subsampling the raw sidescan-sonar data using a median filtering routine to suppress speckle noise and reduce file size, and correcting for slant-range distortion, signal attenuation, and dropped sonar lines using the XSonar software package (Danforth et al., 1991). The sidescan-sonar data was then mapped into its proper geographic location at a resolution of 2 m/pixel using techniques summarized by Paskevich (1996).  The study area was broken into 4 areas (area1 being the northenmost, area4 the southernmost) so that each individual area would be a workable file size within the remote sensing software package PCI. Because this particular study consists of reconnaissance lines spaced approximately 5km apart, no mosaicking steps were applied.  Line crossings had no adjustments or shifts applied to the geographic position of the data. Some of the 1997 sidescan-sonar data was collected in an 8-bit format. These files were tone-matched to the 16-bit data. After tone matching, an enhancement was applied to all the sidescan sonar imagery such that the maximum pixel value is 254 with the minimum pixel value of 0. The imagery was then transferred to a background of 255. Rectangular segments of each of the 4 areas from each year of surveying were then exported as TIFF image files with associated world files for georeferencing. Images in a geographic coordinate system were then reprojected to a UTM projection. Due to the large size of the TIF images, they were compressed with the program GZIP such that the filenameconforms to the 8.3 format. An example of a filename is ar1_1.gz. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Danforth, W.W., O'Brien, T.F., and Schwab, W.C., 1991, USGS image processing system: near real-time mosaicking of high-resolution sidescan-sonar data: Sea Technology, Jan., 1991, p. 54-59. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Paskevich, V.F., 1996, MAPIT: An improved method for mapping digital sidescan sonar data using the Woods Hole Image Processing System (WHIPS) software: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-281, 73p. Process_Date: 199808 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survery Woods Hole Field Center 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.36 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). The original metadata was available in HTML only, so had to be reformatted. The citation in the identification section was completely redone, including adding links to the data and larger work citation. Added ISO 19115 Topic Category keywords. The standard order process section in the distribution was modified to include the link to the data. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Process_Date: 20170331 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Process_Date: 20180720 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Process_Date: 20191118 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200908 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 10 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: +00.000000 False_Easting: 500000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 2 Ordinate_Resolution: 2 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Sidescan-sonar imagery Entity_Type_Definition: TIFF image Entity_Type_Definition_Source: none Attribute: Attribute_Label: Filename Attribute_Definition: The image filename is a combination of the area from which it originated (ar1 to ar4), and a segement number. If the imagery is from 1998, a 98 is included in the filename. For example, 'ar1_1.gz' is the TIFF image in area1, segment 1, collected in 1997. The file 'ar1_198.gz' corresponds to the TIFF image in area1, segment 1, collected in 1998. Attribute_Definition_Source: User defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: character set Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: This is a collection of digital sidescan sonar imagery in GEOTIF format (the TFW world file is included for those who can't read 'geotif' format). These images have a resolution of 2 m/pixel and have had a stretch applied to the images. These images are compressed with the GZIP utility in order to save disk space. The UTM projection is in Zone 10, using the GRS80 ellipsoid. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Nancy Soderberg Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Data Librarian Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Field Center 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2313 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nsoderberg@usgs.gov Resource_Description: U.S. Geological Survey CD-ROM Open-File Report Distribution_Liability: This Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Any views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Although all data published on this CD-ROM have been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and related materials and/or the functioning of the software. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF File_Decompression_Technique: GZIP file compression Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-167/data/sidescan/utmtifs/enhanced/ Access_Instructions: The individual images are available from the link. This is a collection of digital sidescan sonar imagery in GEOTIF format (the TFW world file is included for those who can't read 'geotif' format). These images have a resolution of 2 m/pixel and have had a stretch applied to the images. These images are compressed with the GZIP utility in order to save disk space. The UTM projection is in Zone 10, using the GRS80 ellipsoid. Offline_Option: Offline_Media: CD-ROM Recording_Capacity: Recording_Density: 650 Recording_Density_Units: MBytes Recording_Format: ISO 9600 with Rock Ridge extensions Compatibility_Information: UNIX, DOS, MAC Fees: none at this time Technical_Prerequisites: The user must have a program capable of reading and processing 'geotiff' images. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240318 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Field Center 384 Woods Hole Rd City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998