Summary of the surficial sample locations, metal concentrations, texture analyses, and Clostridium perfringens spores from Long Island Sound

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Mecray, Ellen L., Marilyn R. Buchholtz ten Brink, and Shah, Sunita, 2000, Summary of the surficial sample locations, metal concentrations, texture analyses, and Clostridium perfringens spores from Long Island Sound: Open-File Report 2000-304, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Field Center, Woods Hole, MA.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00304
   • https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-304/htmldocs/chap06/index.htm

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Ellen L. Mecray, Marilyn R. Buchholtz ten Brink, and Sunita Shah were the compilers of this individual dataset based on information from the lisgrabs metadata in the same chapter of this report.

   This is part of the following larger work.
   Paskevich, Valerie, and Poppe, Larry, 2000, Georeferenced Sea-Floor Mapping and Bottom Photography in Long Island Sound: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR 00-304, U. S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Field Center, Woods Hole, MA.

   Online Links:

   • https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00304
   • https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-304/

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Valerie F. Paskevich and Lawrenc J. Poppe are the editors of the publication which contains 12 individual chapters with various authors.

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.74664
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.043358
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.31031667
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.86602
   

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 1996

   Ending_Date: 2000

   Currentness_Reference:

   sample collection years

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
   

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Point data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • Point (266)
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.00001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is GRS80.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.00.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257222101.
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   chemtab1

   A summary of the surficial sample locations, metal concentrations, texture analyses, and Clostridium perfringens spores from Long Island Sound. (Source: data dictionary)

   Row #

   Number of each row in the spreadsheet in numerical order (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1
   Maximum:	265

   Cruise

   Name or number of cruise on which sample collected (Source: data dictionary) Text

   Full Length Field Name

   Name of cruise combined with the station name and the sample interval (Source: data dictionary) Text

   Station name

   Name or number of station at which sample collected (Source: data dictionary) Text

   Station also known as:

   Station name from the cruise, or other cruises with samples taken at the same location (Source: data dictionary) Text

   Longitude (W Decimal degrees as neg)

   Longitude in decimal-degrees (West longitude is depicted by negative values.) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	-73.74664
   Maximum:	-72.043358
   Units:	decimal degrees

   Latitude (N decimal degrees)

   Latitude in decimal-degrees (south latitudes are negative) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	40.86602
   Maximum:	41.31031667
   Units:	decimal degrees

   Year sample collected

   Year sample was collected from the natural environment (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1996
   Maximum:	2000
   Units:	year

   Date sample collected (Julian date)

   Date when the sample was collected from the natural environment (recorded by Julian day). (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	69
   Maximum:	314
   Units:	julian day

   Time (GMT) sample collected

   Hour and minutes when the sample was collected from the natural environment (Source: data dictionary) Time in the format HH:MM:SS

   Longitude (whole degrees W)

   degrees of longitude (West) in whole degrees (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	72
   Maximum:	73
   Units:	degree

   Longitude (decimal minutes W)

   minutes of longitude (West) in decimal minutes (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.1545
   Maximum:	59.6933
   Units:	decimal minutes

   Latitude (decimal minutes N)

   minutes of latitude(North) in decimal units (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	40
   Maximum:	41
   Units:	degree

   Latitude (whole degrees N)

   degrees of latitude in whole degrees (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	59.9615
   Units:	degree

   water depth (m) at site

   Measured depth of water overlying sediment at sample time, in original units (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	2.6
   Maximum:	78
   Units:	meters

   Sample Interval in sediment (cm)

   The depth of the sample in the sediment in units of cm (Source: data dictionary) text

   Weight % Water

   Percent of total wet sample weight that is water, i.e., (total wt-dry wt/wet wt)*100 (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.05
   Maximum:	74
   Units:	weight percent

   C. perfringens (spores/g wet sediment)

   Concentration of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens or C. perf) in the sample in units of spores/g wet sediment (spore count per gram of wet sediment) (Source: data dictionary) text

   C. perfringens (spores/g wet sediment) qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the C. perfringens concentrations; e.g. "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	15000

   C. perfringens (spores/g dry sediment)

   Concentration of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens or C. perf) in the sample in units of spores/g dry sediment (spore count per gram of dry sediment) (Source: data dictionary) text

   C. perfringens (spores/g dry sediment) qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the C. perfringens concentrations; e.g. "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   C. perf qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the C. perfringens concentrations; e.g. "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Lab ID number for texture analysis (SED LAB #)

   Laboratory's ID number indicating specific sample analyzed for grain size (Source: data dictionary) text

   % fines

   Percent dry weight reported in the fine size-class (i.e. silt and clay). (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	98.93

   Verbal Equivalent of sediment texture

   Text description of the non-biological part of the sediment (Source: data dictionary) text

   BU Lab tracking #

   Laboratory's ID number indicating specific sample (for metals analysis) (Source: data dictionary) text

   Ag (silver) µg/g

   Concentration of Silver (Ag) in the sample in units of µg/g (microgram per gram) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	2.57

   Ag qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Silver concentration; e.g. "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Ag dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Silver for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.03
   Maximum:	0.13

   Al (aluminum) wt %

   Concentration of aluminum (Al) in the sample in units of wt.% (weight percent) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.07
   Maximum:	10.07

   Al qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Aluminum concentration; e.g. "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Al dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Aluminum for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.02
   Maximum:	0.02

   Ba (barium) µg/g

   Concentration of Barium (Ba) in the sample in units of µg/g (micrograms per gram) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	5
   Maximum:	1180

   Ba qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Ba concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Ba dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Ba for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	1
   Maximum:	2

   Ca (calcium) wt %

   Concentration of calcium (Ca) in the sample in units of wt.% (weight percent) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	5.36

   Ca qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Ca concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Ca dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Ca for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.008
   Maximum:	0.008

   Cd (cadmium) µg/g

   Concentration of Cadmium (Cd) in the sample in units of µg/g (micrograms per gram) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1.94

   Cd qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Cd concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Cd dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Cd for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.01
   Maximum:	0.1

   Cr (chromium) µg/g

   Concentration of Chromium (Cr) in the sample in units of µg/g (micrograms per gram) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	231

   Cr qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Cr concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Cr dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Cr for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	4
   Maximum:	6

   Cu (copper) µg/g

   Concentration of Copper (Cu) in the sample in units of µg/g (micrograms per gram) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	275

   Cu qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Cu concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Cu dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Cu for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.5
   Maximum:	29

   Fe (iron) wt. %

   Concentration of iron (Fe) in the sample in units of wt.% (weight percent) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	9.43

   Fe qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Fe concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Fe dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Fe for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.004
   Maximum:	1

   Hg (mercury) µg/g (NO, ppb)

   Concentration of Mercury (Hg) in the sample in units of µg/g (micrograms per gram) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	635

   Hg qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Hg concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Hg dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Hg for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary) no values in the field

   Mn (manganese) µg/g

   Concentration of Manganese (Mn) in the sample in units of µg/g (micrograms per gram) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	64
   Maximum:	4627

   Mn qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Mn concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Mn dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Mn for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary) no values in the field

   Ni (nickel) µg/g

   Concentration of Nickel (Ni) in the sample in units of µg/g (micrograms per gram) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	212

   Ni qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Ni concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Ni dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Ni for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	6
   Maximum:	19

   Pb (lead ) µg/g

   Concentration of Lead (Pb) in the sample in units of µg/g (micrograms per gram) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	3
   Maximum:	147

   Pb qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Pb concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Pb dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Pb for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary) no values in the field

   Ti (titanium) wt %

   Concentration of titanium (Ti) in the sample in units of wt.% (weight percent) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	1.66

   Ti qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Ti concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Ti dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Ti for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary) no values in the field

   V (vanadium) µg/g

   Concentration of Vanadium (V) in the sample in units of µg/g (micrograms per gram) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	129

   V qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the V concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   V dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of V for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	2
   Maximum:	4

   Zn (zinc) µg/g

   Concentration of Zinc (Zn) in the sample in units of µg/g (micrograms per gram) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0
   Maximum:	294

   Zn qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Zn concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Zn dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Zn for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	2
   Maximum:	12

   Zr (zirconium) µg/g

   Concentration of Zirconium (Zr) in the sample in units of µg/g (micrograms per gram) (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	5
   Maximum:	1146

   Zr qualifier

   Any qualifier information or comments about the Zr concentration; e.g., "less than" (< or lt); analytical trouble with this sample; corrections made; indications of poor quality data; etc. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Zr dl

   The lowest detectable concentration of Zr for this Lab and this methodology. (Source: data dictionary)

   Range of values
   Minimum:	0.3
   Maximum:	0.3

   Sed. Environ.

   The sedimentary environment assigned to each sample by Knebel and Poppe (in press). (Source: data dictionary) text

   Side scan pattern

   The side scan sonar pattern assigned to each sample by Knebel and Poppe (in press) in the process of delineating sedimentary environments. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Organic Carbon (Wt %) (TOC data-Poppe) Y/N

   A yes/no indication on whether organic carbon (Corg) was measured in the samples in units of weight percent Corg. (Source: data dictionary) text

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   The entity and attribute table is based on the data dictionary that accompanied the dataset. The attribute definitions come from that. The attribute domain type was inferred from the data. Ranges of values were calcuated from the data. The data contains blank fields, as well as flagging certain field as "Analyses pending". Some fields containing numeric values are defined as text because a field contains multiple numeric values separated by a comma. Any additional information needed to understand these data will need to be acquired from the associated publication, Chapter 6.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

   Work to create the CSDGM metadata file performed by VeeAnn A. Cross.

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Ellen L. Mecray
   • Marilyn R. Buchholtz ten Brink
   • Sunita Shah
2. Who also contributed to the data set?
3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   U. S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Ellen Mecray

   384 Woods Hole Road

   Woods Hole, MA
   

   USA

   (508) 548-8700 (voice)

   emecray@usgs.gov

   Contact_Instructions: Ellen Mecray is assumed to be the contact of this dataset
   

Why was the data set created?

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 26-Jun-2023 (process 1 of 1)

   The dataset was released in the publication without a CSDGM metadata file, only a data dictionary. The information in the data dictionary was reformatted to enable conversion to the entity and attribute section using an online data dictionary conversion service (https://mrdata.usgs.gov/validation/eainfo.php). The ranges of values and domain definitions were added based on the data itself. The data dictionary contained the column headings and definitions. The rest of the metadata is primarily from the lisgrabs metadata available from the same chapter (Chapter 6) of the larger work citation. Elements in the metadata included from the other metadata file, but assumed to apply to these data, are prefaced by "Based on information from the lisgrabs metadata in the same chapter of this report." See the report for additional information in how the data were handled. For the imported metadata information edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.50 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. Author names were edited to remove "ed." and "comp". Added links to access the data including the DOI link. Added USGS Thesaurus keywords. Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword (PID). Fixed the ellipsoid name to agree with the datum. Fixed the denominator of flattening ratio. Updated the distribution liability. The distribution format name was modified in an attempt to be more consistent with other metadata files of the same data format. The metadata date was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata contact reflects the person who generated the CSDGM metadata file. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. (20230626) Person who carried out this activity:
   

   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross

   Marine Geologist

   384 Woods Hole Rd.

   Woods Hole, MA
   

   USA

   (508) 548-8700 x2251 (voice)

   (508) 457-2310 (FAX)

   vatnipp@usgs.gov

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   Based on information from the lisgrabs metadata in the same chapter of this report. Navigation for sample stations was done with differential GPS. Accuracy is assumed to be +/-10m.
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   Based on information from the lisgrabs metadata in the same chapter of this report. Navigation was by Differential GPS, which is accurate to less than 10 m. Typical accuracy for differential GPS navigation.
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   Based on information from the lisgrabs metadata in the same chapter of this report. Vertical accuracy is +/-2m. Tidal range in LIS is less than 2 m
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   none
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   Based on information from the lisgrabs metadata in the same chapter of this report. No additional checks for topological consistency were performed on this data set.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   U.S. Geological Survey

   Attn: Ellen L. Mecray

   384 Woods Hole Road

   Woods Hole, MA
   

   USA

   (508) 548-8700 (voice)

   emecray@usgs.gov
2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Long Island Sound: chemtab1.xls
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
   Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	XLS spreadhseet contained the columns of data. in format XLS Size: 1
     Network links:	https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-304/lisound/data/chap06/chemtab1.xls https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-304/htmldocs/data.htm#chap06 https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00304
     Media you can order:	CD-ROM (Density 650 Mbytes) (format ISO 9600) Note: The user must have a system with a CD-ROM capable of reading an ISO-9660 standard CD-ROM disk. To browse the information contained on this disk, the user must also have a current version of WWW browser available.

     Data format:	Text comma-separated values of the tabular data. in format text Size: 1
     Network links:	https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-304/lisound/data/chap06/chemtab1.txt https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-304/htmldocs/data.htm#chap06 https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00304
     Media you can order:	CD-ROM (Density 650 Mbytes) (format ISO 9600) Note: The user must have a system with a CD-ROM capable of reading an ISO-9660 standard CD-ROM disk. To browse the information contained on this disk, the user must also have a current version of WWW browser available. The user must also have the software installed on their computer system capable to unzip the archived file.

   • Cost to order the data: none

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 26-Jun-2023

Metadata author:

U.S. Geological Survey

Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross

Marine Geologist

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole, MA

USA

(508) 548-8700 x2251 (voice)

(508) 457-2310 (FAX)

whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov

Contact_Instructions:

The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with the USGS.

Metadata standard:

FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)