Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: Tammie J. Middleton Originator: Sarah J. Fuller Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Sea floor maps showing topography, sun-illuminated topographic imagery, and backscatter intensity of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Region off Boston, Massachusetts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2000-410 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00410 Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-410/ Description: Abstract: This data set contains the sea floor topographic contours, sun-illuminated topographic imagery, and backscatter intensity generated from a multibeam sonar survey of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts, an area of approximately 1100 square nautical miles. The Stellwagen Bank NMS Mapping Project is designed to provide detailed maps of the Stellwagen Bank region's environments and habitats and the first complete multibeam topographic and sea floor characterization maps of a significant region of the shallow EEZ. Data were collected on four cruises over a two year period from the fall of 1994 to the fall of 1996. The surveys were conducted aboard the Candian Hydrographic Service vessel Frederick G. Creed, a SWATH (Small Waterplane Twin Hull) ship that surveys at speeds of 16 knots. The multibeam data were collected utilizing a Simrad Subsea EM 1000 Multibeam Echo Sounder (95 kHz) that is permanently installed in the hull of the Creed. Purpose: Development of a GIS database of sea floor imagery that is accessible to scientists, policymakers, managers, and the general public. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19940815 Ending_Date: 19980922 Currentness_Reference: Multibeam data were collected from the years of 1994 to 1996. Contours and imagery were generated and edited through 1998. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.600 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.033 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.800 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.083 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:3238db9b-493b-4475-b258-e0ec0a494dd6 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics Theme_Keyword: multibeam sonar Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: Geographic Information Systems Theme_Keyword: GIS Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Field Center Theme_Keyword: WHFC Theme_Keyword: United States Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: SIMRAD SUBSEA EM 1000 Theme_Keyword: Frederick G. CREED Theme_Keyword: Swath Bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Multibeam Echo Sounder Theme_Keyword: Topographic data Theme_Keyword: Sea floor topography Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Sun-illuminated imagery Theme_Keyword: Shaded relief imagery Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: MA Place_Keyword: Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Place_Keyword: SBNMS Place_Keyword: Shallow EEZ Place_Keyword: EEZ Place_Keyword: Gulf of Maine Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Ocean Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Augmented FIPS 10-4 and FIPS 6-4 Place_Keyword: OC13 = North Atlantic Place_Keyword: f25001 = Barnstable Place_Keyword: f25009 = Essex Place_Keyword: f25021 = Norfolk Place_Keyword: f25023 = Plymouth Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Page C Valentine Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, ER Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-457-2239 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-410/images/pseudo2.gif Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Reduced-size copy of the backscatter image with topography (color indicates backscatter, shading indicates topography) 351x599 pixels, 32-bit RGB true color, 120 kbytes. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Canadian Hydrographic Service, University of New Brunswick Native_Data_Set_Environment: OSF1 UNIX, ARC/INFO version 7.0.4 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: Tanya S. Unger Originator: Jessica L. Baker Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Backscatter Intensity and Sun-illuminated Sea Floor Topography of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geologial Survey Geologic Investigations Series Map Issue_Identification: I-2676C Other_Citation_Details: scale 1:60,000, 1 sheet Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: Tanya S. Unger Originator: Jessica L. Baker Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Sea Floor Topography of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geologial Survey Geologic Investigations Series Map Issue_Identification: I-2676A Other_Citation_Details: scale 1:60,000, 1 sheet Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: Tanya S. Unger Originator: Jessica L. Baker Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Sun-illuminated Sea Floor Topography of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geologial Survey Geologic Investigations Series Map Issue_Identification: I-2676B Other_Citation_Details: scale 1:60,000, 1 sheet Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The ship's position was determined with an accuracy of 10 m or better using a Magnavox 4200 geographic positioning system (GPS) receiver in conjunction with differential GPS corrections transmitted by U.S. Coast Guard radio beacons. At the start of each day, casts were made to record the sound velocity profile of the water column in the area to be surveyed. This information is used by the data acquisition system to correct for the refraction of the transmitted multibeam sound signal as it travels through the water to and from the sea floor. Sound velocity information was updated during the day whenever the survey moved from one area to another. Tidal corrections based on NOAA's Boston tide gauge were used to reference depth data to mean lower low water. Sounding rates depend on water depth but vary from 2 to 4 per second in water depths less than 100 meters. Horizontal spatial resolution at these sounding rates is on the order of 10% of the water depth at 16 knots; however, vertical resolution is approximtely 1% or better in the same depth range. Logical_Consistency_Report: Multibeam echo sounder data was collected aboard the Canadian Hydrographic Service vessel Frederick G. Creed, an aluminum SWATH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) ship that surveys at speeds up to 16 knots. The ship has two submerged torpedo-shaped hulls that support the main deck via two thin struts. This design reduces wave motion on the ship and resistance to the ship's forward motion through the water, thus making it a very stable platform at high survey speeds. Stability of the ship is also enhanced by the computer-controlled action of four stabilizer fins located fore and aft on the inboard side of the hulls. The stabilizers control the pitch and roll of the vessel and allow adjustment of the heel and trim of the ship while under way. An Applied Analytics POS/MV motion sensor located in the hull near the EM 1000 transducer detects changes in pitch, roll, and heave of the vessel. The motion information is recorded concurrently with the acquired multibeam signal and both are logged in a single file on the Sun workstation and made available to other workstations for further processing. Completeness_Report: Both the bathymetric and the sidescan-sonar backscatter data are displayed in real time on the Sun workstation using software designed and written by the Ocean Mapping Group, University of New Brunswick. This display allows data gaps to be identified during the survey and also gives a measure of the data quality. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Sounding rates depend on water depth but vary from 2 to 4 per second in water depths less than 100 meters. Horizontal spatial resolution at these sounding rates is on the order of 10% of the water depth at 16 knots; however, vertical resolution is approximtely 1% or better in the same depth range. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Sounding rates depend on water depth but vary from 2 to 4 per second in water depths less than 100 meters. Horizontal spatial resolution at these sounding rates is on the order of 10% of the water depth at 16 knots; however, vertical resolution is approximtely 1% or better in the same depth range. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Valentine, P.C. Originator: Baker, J.L. Originator: Unger, T.S. Originator: Evans, J. Originator: Polloni, C. Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Sea floor topographic, backscatter, and interpretive maps and bottom photos of the Massachusetts Bay Disposal Site region off Boston, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 98-344 Other_Citation_Details: 1 CD-ROM Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1999 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Valentine and others (1999) Source_Contribution: Massachusetts Bay Disposal Site Maps and Features on CD-ROM Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Valentine, P.C. Originator: Baker, J.L. Originator: Unger, T.S. Originator: Polloni, C. Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Sea floor topographic map and perspective view imagery of Quadrangles 1-18, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File-Report Issue_Identification: 98-138 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1998 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Valentine and others (1998) Source_Contribution: Sea Floor Topography of Quadrangles 1-18 in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary on CD-ROM Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Valentine, P.C. Originator: Unger, T.S. Originator: Baker, J.L. Originator: Polloni, C. Publication_Date: 2000 Title: Sun-illuminated sea floor topographic map and perspective view imagery of Quadrangles 1-18, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 99-363 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2000 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Valentine and others (2000) Source_Contribution: Sun-Illuminated Sea Floor Topography of Quadrangles 1-18 in Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary on CD-ROM Process_Step: Process_Description: Multibeam data were processed using SwathEd, a suite of multibeam software editing and display tools developed by Dr. John Hughes Clarke of the Ocean Mapping Group, University of New Brunswick (UNB). The navigation and topographic data were both edited using this software. Tidal corrections were obtained from NOAA's Boston Tide Gauge (Station 8443970) and merged into the data set using UNB's tidal routines. The topographic information was converted into an ascii textfile containing lat, long, and depth fields, using a script created by Bill Danforth at the U.S. Geological Survey. The ascii file was brought into Arc/Info, and a grid was generated and processed using ESRIs Arc/Info version 7.0.4 software. A point coverage containing depth values was created using the routine point-generate. The grid was created based on the depth values for each of the points using the command pointgrid. The grid was filtered with a 9 by 9 focalmedian filter. Contours were generated using latticecontour. All editing and edgematching was done by hand using arcedit. The shaded relief images shown here were created using a light source that is 45 degrees above the horizon from an azimuth of 350 degrees. The vertical exaggeration in the images is four times. In effect, topographic relief is enhanced by illuminating the sea floor from a position 10 degrees west of north so that shadows are cast on the southern flanks of seabed features. Some features in the images are artifacts of data collection. They are especially noticeable where the seabed is smooth and include small highs and lows and unnatural-looking features and patterns that are oriented parallel or perpendicular to survey tracklines. Process_Date: 1998 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: William W Danforth Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, ER Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-457-2274 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bdanforth@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Creation of original metadata record Process_Date: 20020110 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Page C Valentine Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, ER Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-457-2239 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.50 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. The DOI link was added to the citation information. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Additional edits were probably made to the original metadata by someone else who did not document what they changed (20210406). Tweaked a thesaurus name (20211117). Process_Date: 20211117 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: pixel Row_Count: 3150 Column_Count: 1884 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: .00003 Longitude_Resolution: .00003 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface Depth_Resolution: 1 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Bathymetric contour line Entity_Type_Definition: polyline within coverage bathymer Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Information unavailable Attribute: Attribute_Label: CONTOUR Attribute_Definition: Depth of the bathymetric contour. Values are in meters above sea level, so all values given are negative. Double of width 13, but values are integer. Another attribute "INTERVAL" contains the same data stored as an integer. Attribute_Definition_Source: Information unavailable Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -270 Range_Domain_Maximum: -5 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 5 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Sun-illuminated topographic imagery: This map combines contoured topography and sun-illuminated topographic imagery. The image shown here uses a sun elevation angle of 45 degrees above the horizon from an azimuth of 350 degrees and a vertical exaggeration of four times. In effect, topographic relief is enhanced by having the sun illuminate the sea floor from a position 10 degrees west of north so that shadows are cast on the southern flanks of seabed features. Unnatural-looking stripes and patterns oriented parallel or perpendicular to survey track lines are artifacts of data collection. Blank areas represent places where no data exists. The topographic imagery is identical to that shown on Sheet 3 of this report. Backscatter Imagery: This map combines the sun-illuminated topography with the backscatter intensity (shown here in color) of the sea floor. Backscatter intensity is a measure of the hardness and roughness of the sea floor as determined from the strength of sound waves reflected from the seabed during the survey. High-backscatter materials (red and orange) are coarse sand, gravel (including piles and ridges of boulders), and rock outcrops. Moderate backscatter (green) represents sand or muddy sand. Low backscatter (blue) represents sandy mud and mud. These interpretations apply best in regions of low regional topography, because steep slopes can divert the paths of some of the reflected sound waves away from the survey vessel. Thus, seabed that slopes steeply away from the survey track can produce a lower backscatter intensity than if it were level. Unnatural-looking stripes and patterns oriented parallel or perpendicular to survey track lines are artifacts of data collection. Blank areas represent places where no data exists. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-410/methods.htm Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Page C Valentine Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, ER Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-457-2239 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov Resource_Description: USGS Open-File Report 00-410 Distribution_Liability: This publication was prepared by members of the US Geological Survey. Neither USGS or the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Any views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ARCE Format_Version_Number: 8.0 Format_Information_Content: Bathymetric contours, quadrangle boundaries, coastline, and boundary of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Transfer_Size: 6 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-410/arcexprt/bathymer.e00 Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-410/arcexprt/coastmer.e00 Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-410/arcexprt/quadbnd.e00 Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-410/arcexprt/sbnmsbnd.e00 Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: 6.0 Format_Information_Content: Backscatter Imagery and Sun-Illuminated Sea Floor Topography Transfer_Size: 114 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-410/tif/sunillum.tif Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-410/tif/pseudo.tif Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240318 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peter N Schweitzer Contact_Organization: USGS Midwest Area Contact_Position: Collection manager, USGS Geoscience Data Clearinghouse, http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/ Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Mail Stop 954 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192-0002 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703-648-6533 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 703-648-6252 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None