U.S. Geological Survey
2006
4-m Image of the Northern Half of the Backscatter Intensity Mosaic of the Sea Floor off Northeastern Cape Cod from USGS Cruise 98015 (CAPENORTHMOS_GEO4M_WGS84.TIF, Geographic, WGS84)
1.0
remote-sensing image
Open-File Report
2005-1048
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20051048
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84.zip
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84.tif
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/htmldocs/data_catalog.htm
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/
L.J. Poppe
V.F. Paskevich
B. Butman
P.C. Valentine
W.W. Danforth
D.S. Foster
D.S. Blackwood
2005
Geological Interpretation of Bathymetric and Backscatter Imagery of the Sea Floor off Eastern Cape Cod, Massachusetts
1.0
Open-File Report
2005-1048
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/
This data set includes backscatter intensity of the sea floor offshore of northern Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The data were collected with a multibeam sea floor mapping system during USGS survey 98015, conducted November 9 - 25, 1998. The surveys were conducted using a Simrad EM 1000 multibeam echo sounder mounted aboard the Canadian Coast Guard vessel Frederick G. Creed. This multibeam system utilizes 60 electronically aimed receive beams spaced at intervals of 2.5 degrees that insonify a strip of sea floor up to 7.5 times the water depth (swath width of 100 to 200 m within the survey area). The horizontal resolution of the beam on the sea floor is approximately 10% of the water depth. Vertical resolution is approximately 1 percent of the water depth.
With backscatter intensity, the intensity of the acoustic return from the sea floor from the multibeam system, is a function of the properties of the surficial sediments and of the bottom roughness. Generally, a strong return (light gray tones) is associated with rock or coarse-grained sediment, and a weak return (dark gray tones) with fine-grained sediments. However, the micro-topography, such as ripples, burrows, and benthic populations also affect the reflectivity of the sea floor. Direct observations, using bottom photography or video, and surface samples, are needed to verify interpretations of the backscatter intensity data. The backscatter data have a weak striping that runs parallel to the ship's track. Some of the striping is the result of poor data return at nadir that appears as evenly-spaced thin speckled lines. Some striping is also due to critical angle effects, where the intensity of return varies as a function of the angle of incidence of the incoming sound on the seafloor (Hughes-Clark and others, 1997).
To release a digital map derived from multibeam observations that shows sea floor backscatter intensity (a measure of sea floor texture and roughness) at a spatial resolution of 4 meters per pixel.
19981109
19981125
ground condition
None planned
-70.307833
-69.828333
42.116667
41.966667
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:4a64325a-87ec-4b94-8373-41c705e95273
None
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Woods Hole Science Center
WHSC
Coastal and Marine Geology Program
CMGP
Frederick G. Creed
Field Activity Number 98015
Sea Floor Mapping
Multibeam Echo Sounder
Backscatter Intensity
multibeam backscatter mosaic
GeoTIFF Image
greyscale image
gray scale image
Geographic Information System
Sea Floor Geology
Surficial Geology
GeoTIFF Image
Multibeam
Simrad EM1000
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
geoscientificInformation
USGS Thesaurus
sea-floor acoustic reflectivity
image mosaics
multibeam sonar
marine geophysics
geospatial datasets
None
Cape Cod
Massachusetts
Cape Cod National Seashore Park
U.S. East Coast
United States
North America
Atlantic Ocean
None
Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.
Lawrence J. Poppe
U.S. Geological Survey
Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2314
(508) 457-2310
lpoppe@usgs.gov
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84-thumb.gif
Thumbnail image showing the extent and coverage of the data layer.
GIF
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84.gif
Image map showing the extent and coverage of the data layer.
GIF
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722
Information unavailable from original metadata.
This image is complete; all available data were used to create the backscatter mosaic; no further processing and(or) modifications will be made.
These data were navigated with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); they are accurate to +/- 3 meters, horizontally.
USGS
unpublished material
Raw multibeam backscatter data
This file had a source contribution, but no source citation information. This information was populated based on information in the source contribution.
DVD-ROM
19981109
19981125
ground condition
98015_multibeam_data
The original multibeam backscatter data acquired with a Simrad EM 1000 echosounder during USGS cruise 98015 aboard the Canadian Coast Guard vessel Frederick G. Creed
Initial Data and acquisition processing at sea:
After the echo sounder data were logged onto the hard disk of the Sun workstation, a suite of processing software developed by the Ocean Mapping Group (www.omg.unb.ca/~jhc/SwathEd.html) was used to correct for artifacts and errors that may have been introduced during data collection. This software also enhanced the corrected data by resolving beam pattern and aspect ratio distortions and by imposing a linear contrast stretch before it generated bathymetric and sidescan sonar image mosaics in a Mercator projection. All data processing described here is initiated using Silicon Graphics workstations as soon as each acquisition file is closed by the Simrad Mermaid workstation (usually at the end of each survey line). Additional processing was done in the lab to correct for fluctuations in sea level during the survey and for artifacts in the data files that were not corrected in the field (see below).
The processing and editing steps on board the ship were:
(A.) Demultiplex, or unravel, the acquired Simrad data files using RT to generate separate files containing navigation, depth soundings, sidescan sonar backscatter values, and sound velocity information.
(B.) Automatically reject bad data (autoRejectSoundings). For the multibeam soundings, reject data outside expected depth ranges (operator's decision based on nautical chart data); for navigation data, reject fixes with poor GPS statistics.
(C.) Edit the navigation data on-screen using jview to remove undesirable points, including turns at the ends of survey lines.
(D.) Edit the multibeam soundings on-screen using swathed to remove individual anomalous soundings.
(E). Merge tidal information and the corrected navigation back (mergetide and mergenav) into the data files. Tidal information was obtained from predicted tides using the Xtide program http://www.flaterco.com/xtide/xtide.html), which generated predicted tides based on the harmonic coefficients for Chatham provided by the Xtide program.
(F.) Map the bathymetric soundings from each processed data file onto a Mercator grid using weigh_grid with node spacings and scale selected by the operator. The data files capenorth.asc and capenorth.xyz were produced from the gridded data. The data file capenorth.txt is a comma-delimited version of capenorth.xyz.
(G.) Map the extracted sidescan sonar backscatter values onto a digital mosaic using mos2 in the Mercator projection at a scale selected by the user.
98015_multibeam_data
Unknown
capenorth.asc
capenoth.xyz
capenorth.txt
capenorthmos_mer4m.tif
Bill Danforth
U.S. Geological Survey
Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2274
(508) 457-2310
bdanforth@usgs.gov
Map the extracted sidescan sonar backscatter values onto a digital mosaic using the SwathEd utility mos2 in the Mercator projection, having a central longitude of -70.3166667 degrees West, a latitude of true scale of 41.65 degrees north and the horizontal datum is WGS84.
capenorth.asc
capenorth.xyz
capenorth.txt
Unknown
capenorthmos_mer4m.tif
Bill Danforth
U.S. Geological Survey
Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2274
(508) 457-2310
bdanforth@usgs.gov
The imagery in Mercator projection was converted to geographic.
capenorthmos_mer4m.tif
2004
capenorthmos_mer4m_wgs84.tif
Valerie Paskevich
U.S. Geological Survey
Information Technology Specialist / GIS Coordinator
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2281
(508) 457-2310
vpaskevich@usgs.gov
Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.30 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Most issues were with blank elements that could actually be removed. This file had a source contribution, but no source citation information. This information was populated based on information in the source contribution. Also, both geographic and planar coordinate systems, a common problem when using ArcCatalog. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent.
20151109
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section.
20180720
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata.
20191118
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
20200908
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Raster
Pixel
4191
9986
1
0.000036
0.000048
Decimal degrees
World Geodetic System 84
World Geodetic System 84
6378137
298.257
There are no attributes associated with the GEOTIFF image.
U.S. Geological Survey
Lawrence J. Poppe
U.S. Geological Survey
Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2314
(508) 457-2310
lpoppe@usgs.gov
Downloadable Data: capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84.tif
Although all data have been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
TIFF
Information unavailable from original metadata.
GeoTIFF
GeoTIFF format backscatter mosaic, GeoTIFF world file and associated metadata
zip archive
3.4
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84.zip
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84.tif
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/htmldocs/data_catalog.htm
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/
Data are downloadable via the World Wide Web (WWW).
DVD-ROM
4.75
Gbytes
UDF
None
This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image.
2006
20240318
William Danforth
U.S. Geological Survey
Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2274
(508) 457-2310
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318)
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
local time
None
None