Sun-Illuminated Color GeoTIFF Image of the 150-meter bathymetry grid of the Puerto Rico Trench generated from data collected in 2002 and 2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (combined_grd.tif, geographic, WGS84)

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Sun-Illuminated Color GeoTIFF Image of the 150-meter bathymetry grid of the Puerto Rico Trench generated from data collected in 2002 and 2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (combined_grd.tif, geographic, WGS84)
Abstract:
In 2002 and 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC), in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), conducted three exploration cruises (USGS Cruise 02051, NOAA RB0208, September 24 to 30, 2002; USGS Cruise 03008, NOAA RB0303, February 18 to March 7, 2003 and USGS Cruise 03032, NOAA RB0305, August 28 to September 4, 2003). These cruises mapped for the first time the morphology of this entire tectonic plate boundary stretching from the Dominican Republic in the west to the Lesser Antilles in the east, a distance of approximately 700 kilometers (430 miles). Observations from these three exploration cruises, coupled with computer modeling and published Global Positioning System (GPS) results and earthquake focal mechanisms have provided new information that is changing the evaluation of the seismic and tsunami hazard from this plate boundary. The observations collected during these cruises also contributed to the basic understanding of the mechanisms that govern plate tectonics, in this case, the creation of the island of Puerto Rico and the deep trench north of it. Results of the sea floor mapping have been an important component of the study of tsunami and earthquake hazards to the northeastern Caribbean and the U.S. Atlantic coast off the United States. For additional information on the cruises see: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2002-051-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2002-051-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2002-051-FA
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and U.S. Geological Survey, 2013, Sun-Illuminated Color GeoTIFF Image of the 150-meter bathymetry grid of the Puerto Rico Trench generated from data collected in 2002 and 2003 by the U.S. Geological Survey and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (combined_grd.tif, geographic, WGS84): Open-File Report 2006-1210, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Brink, Uri ten, Danforth, William W., and Polloni, Christopher F., 2013, Final report and archive of the swath bathymetry and ancillary data collected in the Puerto Rico Trench region in 2002 and 2003: Open-File Report 2006-1210, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details:
    suggested citation: ten Brink, U., Danforth, W.W., and Polloni, C.F., 2013, Final report and archive of the swath bathymetry and ancillary data collected in the Puerto Rico Trench region in 2002 and 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1210, available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1210/.
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.702916
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -61.503357
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 22.693986
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 16.363297
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 24-Sep-2002
    Ending_Date: 04-Sep-2003
    Currentness_Reference:
    Ground condition for three individual cruises (RB0208, RB0302 and RB0305). The respective cruise dates were: 20020924 to 20020930, 20030218 to 20030307, and 20030828 to 20030904.
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions 2103 x 5417 x 1, type Pixel
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.001355. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.001438. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: local sea level
      Depth_Resolution: 0.1
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    There are no attributes associated with the GeoTIFF image. However, ArcCatalog 9.3 insists on adding information about the VAT (that doesn't exist) as well as the RGB attributes, even though this is a paletted 8-bit image. The pixel colors are intended to convey depth. Warmer colors (e.g. red) are shallower depths; cooler colors (e.g. blues) are deeper. The NOADATA values in the image are white (255) and black(0). The black edges are an artifact of reprojection the original UTM TIFF image.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Chris Polloni
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Information Technology Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole Road, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2280 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    cpolloni@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8:00AM to 5:00PM

Why was the data set created?

This sun-illuminated GeoTIFF image may be used in a Geographic Information System (GIS), which uses GIS software as a tool to understand features in the trench and make interpretations of the geologic/bathymetric aspects therein. The intentions of this data set are to provide qualitative and quantitative visual information about the trench so that natural hazards such as earthquakes and tsunamis can be better understood.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    SeaBeam (source 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey, Unpublished Material, SeaBeam MB41 raw data files.

    Type_of_Source_Media: disc
    Source_Contribution:
    The raw SeaBeam data files were processed to create a bathymetric mosaic
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2004 (process 1 of 8)
    The data pipeline included transferring the SeaBeam MB41 raw data files from the SGI computer to a processing laptop via file transfer protocol (FTP). The raw files were converted using CARIS 5.3 Hips Sips software. The processing crew maintained the same processing procedures as employed by NOAA hydrographic field units. Once the data were converted, a Digital Terrain Model was generated for visual detection of artifacts and missed depths. The next step entailed reviewing and editing the data with CARIS Swath Edit, followed with CARIS Sub Set mode editing. Both editing processes allowed the hydrographer to eliminate data points that were considered artifacts or out of context with the immediate benthic area. The second cruise from 2003 required additional processing to correct for the system running with the apparent depth mode option. More information regarding this problem can be found at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1210/data/multibeam/raw_data/raw_data_RB0305/L3_Trip_summary_Aug-Sep_2003.pdf After editing, the weighted mean grid was re-generated with a grid resolution of 150 meters. A color scale by depth with sun illumination model at elevation 30 and azimuth 45 was exported as a TIFF image with an associated world file. Person who carried out this activity:
    William Danforth
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2274 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    bdanforth@usgs.gov
    Date: 2004 (process 2 of 8)
    Renamed the image file from PRT03_150interp_rnbwPRT3045.tif to prt300_150.tif and reduced from 24bit to 8bit color depth with associated world file Using Irfanview version 4.25 . Person who carried out this activity:
    Chris Polloni
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Information Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2280 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    cpolloni@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 9AM to 5PM; M- F
    Data sources used in this process:
    • PRT03_150interp_rnbwPRT3045.tif
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • prt300_150.tif
    Date: 2004 (process 3 of 8)
    This image's coordinate system was reprojected from a UTM Zone 19, NAD83 to a Geographic, Geodetic Model: WGS84 using Blue Marble's Geographic Transformer (Version 5.1) with the output sent to combined_grd.tif. Person who carried out this activity:
    Chris Polloni
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Information Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2280 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    cpolloni@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8:00AM to 4:30PM; M-F
    Data sources used in this process:
    • prt300_150.tif
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • combined_grd.tif
    Date: 2012 (process 4 of 8)
    The software GeoTiffExamine was used to transfer the georeferencing information contained in the world file to the header of the TIFF image making it a GeoTIFF. Person who carried out this activity:
    VeeAnn A. Cross
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Marine Geologist
    Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Woods Hole, MA

    (508) 548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 16-Jun-2016 (process 5 of 8)
    Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.32 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Two links in a single Network Resource Name were split to two resources. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 20-Jul-2018 (process 6 of 8)
    USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 18-Nov-2019 (process 7 of 8)
    Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 23-Sep-2021 (process 8 of 8)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword, 20200908. Modified originator name, 20210923. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Brink, Uri ten, Danforth, William, Polloni, Christopher F., Parker, Castle Eugene, Uozumi, Toshihiko, and Williams, Glynn F., 2005, Project PROBE Leg II - Final Report and Archive of Swath Bathymetric Sonar, CTD/XBT and GPS Navigation Data Collected During USGS Cruise 03008 (NOAA Cruise RB0303) Puerto Rico Trench 18 February - 7 March, 2003: Open-File Report 2004-1400, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Brink, Uri ten, Worley, Charles R., Smith, Lt. Shep, Stepka, Thomas, and Williams, Glynn F., 2006, Project PROBE Leg I - Report and Archive of Multibeam Bathymetry and Acoustic Backscatter, CTD/XBT and GPS Navigation Data Collected During USGS Cruise 02051 (NOAA Cruise RB0208) Puerto Rico Trench, September 24, 2002 to September 30, 2002.: Open-File Report 2005-1066, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    These data were navigated with Differential Global Positioning Systems (DGPS) and a P-code receiver. These systems have an estimated horizontal accuracy of to +/- 3 meters horizontally.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    These data have been corrected for vessel motion (roll, pitch, heave, yaw) and referenced to local sea level (no tide correction). The theoretical vertical resolution of the Sea Beam 2112 multibeam echosounder is 1 % of water depth, approximately 40 - 80 meters within the study area.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    All collected data were processed and used to produce this dataset.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No additional checks for consistency were performed on this data.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Not to be used for navigation. Public domain data from the U.S. government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as the source of this information.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Uri ten Brink
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Research Scientist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, Massachusetts
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    utenbrink@usgs.gov
    Hours_of_Service: 8AM to 5 PM; M-F
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data: Open-File Report 2006-1210: sun illuminated bathymetric image
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
    • Availability in digital form:
      Data format: The GeoTIFF image, world file, and associated metadata. in format TIFF (version 3.2) GeoTIFF Image Size: 3
      Network links: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1210/data/multibeam/geotifs/combined_grd.zip
      http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1210/html/catalog.htm
      Media you can order: DVD-ROM (Density 4700 Mbyte) (format UDF)
      Note: The user must have a computer system with a DVD-ROM available. To browse the information contained on this DVD-ROM, the user must have a current WWW browser available. The user must also have software installed on their computer to unzip the archived file.
    • Cost to order the data: none

  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    The user must have a program capable of reading and processing GeoTIFF images.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 16-Nov-2021
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey
Attn: Chris Polloni
Information Specialist
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA
USA

(508) 548-8700 x2280 (voice)
(508) 457-2310 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8:00AM to 5:00PM; M- F
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid.
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/open_file_report/ofr2006-1210/combined_grdmeta.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Nov 16 10:06:32 2021