Stretched Sidescan-Sonar Image of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Survey H11321 in Central Rhode Island Sound (H11321_1M_SSS_GEO_STR.TIF, Geographic)

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Stretched Sidescan-Sonar Image of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Survey H11321 in Central Rhode Island Sound (H11321_1M_SSS_GEO_STR.TIF, Geographic)
Abstract:
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is working cooperatively with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to interpret the surficial geology in estuaries along the coast of the northeastern United States. The purpose of our present study is to define the sea floor morphology and sedimentary environments in an area of Rhode Island Sound using sidescan-sonar imagery, multibeam bathymetry, and seismic records. The mosaic, bathymetry, and their interpretations serve many purposes, including: (1) defining the geological variability of the sea floor, which is one of the primary controls of benthic habitat diversity; (2) improving our understanding of the processes that control the distribution and transport of bottom sediments and their distribution of benthic habitats and associated infaunal community structures; and (3) providing a detailed framework for future research, monitoring, and management activities. The sidescan-sonar mosaics and bathymetry images also serve as base maps for subsequent sedimentological, geochemical, and biological observations, because precise information on environmental setting is important for selection of sampling sites and for accurate interpretations of point measurements.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008, Stretched Sidescan-Sonar Image of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Survey H11321 in Central Rhode Island Sound (H11321_1M_SSS_GEO_STR.TIF, Geographic): Open-File Report 2007-1366, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L.J., Denny, J.F., Haupt, T.A., and Crocker, J.M., 2008, Sidescan-Sonar Imagery and Surficial Geologic Interpretations of the Sea Floor in Central Rhode Island Sound: Open-File Report 2007-1366, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.367293
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.188533
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.367756
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.270672
  3. What does it look like?
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1366/data/sidescan/geo/h11321_1m_sss_geo_str/h11321_1m_sss_geo_str.gif (GIF)
    Overview of stretched sidescan-sonar mosaic of NOAA Survey H11321 in geographic
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 18-May-2004
    Ending_Date: 07-Jul-2004
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions 10800 x 19886 x 1, type Pixel
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000009. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000009. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
    • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Katherine McMullen
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Sediment Lab Technician
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2277 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    kmcmullen@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This GIS overlay is a component of the H11321 Survey, Rhode Island Sound, GIS database and contains the completed enhanced sidescan-sonar mosaic for the study area. Light tones represent relatively harder returns, higher backscatter, and generally coarser sediments. Dark tones represent relatively softer returns, lower backscatter, and generally finer grained sediments.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    raw sidescan-sonar data (source 1 of 1)
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, unknown, raw sidescan-sonar data.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Information unavailable from original metadata.
    Source_Contribution:
    Original sidescan-sonar data acquired during National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Survey H11321.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2004 (process 1 of 10)
    The data for this survey were acquired in XTF (extended Triton data format) using a high-resolution Klein 5500. The Klein 5500 tow fish emits five beams on each side of the ship track and transmits at 455 kHz. The sidescan-sonar data were digitally recorded in XTF format using an ISIS data acquisition software package. Person who carried out this activity:
    Atlantic Hydrographic Branch, NOAA
    439 West York Street
    Norfolk, VA
    USA

    Information unavailable from original metadata. (voice)
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • XTF sidescan-sonar data
    Date: 2007 (process 2 of 10)
    All sidescan-sonar data were processed using USGS sidescan-sonar processing software packages XSonar and ShowImage. A median filtering routine was applied to the sidescan-sonar data to remove speckle noise. Sonar data were further processed to correct for slant-range and radiometric distortion inherent in the sonar data. Sonar data were corrected for layback. All processed data were mosaicked using XSonar, resulting in an enhanced, geographically correct, sidescan-sonar mosaic with 1 meter/pixel resolution. The composite mosaic was converted to a TIFF image using the following LINUX commands: rawtopgm -headerskip 80 14700 10400 mosaic.ras | pnmtotiff - > mosaic.tif An associated TIFF world file was then created using GeoTiff Examiner Person who carried out this activity:
    Jane Denny
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2311 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    jdenny@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • XTF sidescan-sonar data
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • H11321_sonar.tif
    • H11321_sonar.tfw
    Date: 2007 (process 3 of 10)
    The TIFF image was then imported into Adobe Photoshop CS2 in order to apply a linear stretch (i.e. increase the dynamic range of the data) to the image. Person who carried out this activity:
    Jane Denny
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2311 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    jdenny@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • H11321_sonar.tif
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • H11321_sonar_str.tif
    Date: 2007 (process 4 of 10)
    The TIFF image was projected from UTM Zone 19 NAD83 to geographic WGS84 using transformation 1 with ArcToolbox Project Raster Tool. ArcGIS 9.2. Person who carried out this activity:
    Katherine McMullen
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Sediment Lab Technician
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2277 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    kmcmullen@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • H11321_sonar_str.tif
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • h11321_1m_sss_geo_str.tif
    Date: 2008 (process 5 of 10)
    Background (NoData) of TIFF was selected with magic wand in Adobe Photoshop 5.0 Limited Edition and filled with white to set NoData value as 255. Person who carried out this activity:
    Katherine McMullen
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Sediment Lab Technician
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2277 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    kmcmullen@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • h11321_1m_sss_geo_str.tif
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • h11321_1m_sss_geo_str.tif
    Date: 2008 (process 6 of 10)
    Geographic information from the world file was written into TIFF using GeoTiffExamine. Person who carried out this activity:
    Katherine McMullen
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Sediment Lab Technician
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2277 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    kmcmullen@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • h11321_1m_sss_geo_str.tif
    • h11321_1m_sss_geo_str.tfw
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • h11321_1m_sss_geo_str.tif
    Date: 14-Dec-2015 (process 7 of 10)
    Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.32 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Time period of content date format had to be fixed. Both geographic and a planar coordinate system were present, the planar one was removed with the resolution transferred to the geographic. Removed empty entity and attribute information. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 14-Feb-2017 (process 8 of 10)
    Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Alan O. Allwardt
    Contractor -- Information Specialist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7551 (voice)
    831-427-4748 (FAX)
    aallwardt@usgs.gov
    Date: 18-Nov-2019 (process 9 of 10)
    Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 08-Sep-2020 (process 10 of 10)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Danforth, W.W., 1997, Xsonar/ShowImage: A Complete System for Rapid Sidescan-Sonar Processing and Display: Open-File Report 97-686, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Navigation was by differential GPS.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    All collected data were processed and used to generate the digital mosaic.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Information unavailable from original metadata.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as the originators of this dataset.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Lawrence Poppe
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2314 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    lpoppe@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data: 1-m sidescan-sonar image of Survey H11321
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or NOAA as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS or NOAA in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 16-Nov-2021
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey
Attn: Katherine McMullen
Sediment Lab Technician
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA
USA

(508) 548-8700 x2277 (voice)
(508) 457-2310 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid.
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/open_file_report/ofr2007-1366/h11321_1m_sss_geo_str.tif.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Nov 16 10:06:35 2021