U.S. Geological Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2008 1.0 remote-sensing image Open-File Report 2007-1366 Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20071366 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1366/data/sidescan/utm/h11321_1m_sss_utm_str/h11321_1m_sss_utm_str.zip http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1366/html/catalog.html K.Y. McMullen L.J. Poppe J.F. Denny T.A. Haupt J.M. Crocker 2008 1.0 Open-File Report 2007-1366 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1366/ The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is working cooperatively with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to interpret the surficial geology in estuaries along the coast of the northeastern United States. The purpose of our present study is to define the sea floor morphology and sedimentary environments in an area of Rhode Island Sound using sidescan-sonar imagery, multibeam bathymetry, and seismic records. The mosaic, bathymetry, and their interpretations serve many purposes, including: (1) defining the geological variability of the sea floor, which is one of the primary controls of benthic habitat diversity; (2) improving our understanding of the processes that control the distribution and transport of bottom sediments and their distribution of benthic habitats and associated infaunal community structures; and (3) providing a detailed framework for future research, monitoring, and management activities. The sidescan-sonar mosaics and bathymetry images also serve as base maps for subsequent sedimentological, geochemical, and biological observations, because precise information on environmental setting is important for selection of sampling sites and for accurate interpretations of point measurements. This GIS overlay is a component of the H11321 Survey, Rhode Island Sound, GIS database and contains the completed enhanced sidescan-sonar mosaic for the study area. Light tones represent relatively harder returns, higher backscatter, and generally coarser sediments. Dark tones represent relatively softer returns, lower backscatter, and generally finer grained sediments. 20050518 20040707 ground condition Complete None planned -71.367292 -71.188532 41.367753 41.270672 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:38436bc5-a0ec-4a0a-ad2e-589ba87c7590 None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP Woods Hole Science Center WHSC National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA NOAA Ship RUDE GeoTIFF sidescan sonar mosaic image gray-scale image backscatter Open-File Report 2007-1366 OFR 2007-1366 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation imageryBaseMapsEarthCover oceans USGS Thesaurus sea-floor acoustic reflectivity image mosaics sidescan sonar marine geophysics geospatial datasets None Rhode Island Sound Rhode Island northeast United States U.S. East Coast United States North America Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean None Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as the originator of this dataset. Katherine McMullen U.S. Geological Survey Sediment Lab Technician mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA (508) 548-8700 x2277 (508) 457-2310 kmcmullen@usgs.gov http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1366/data/sidescan/utm/h11321_1m_sss_utm_str/h11321_1m_sss_utm_str.gif Overview of stretched sidescan-sonar mosaic of NOAA Survey H11321 in geographic GIF Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.4.1420 W.W. Danforth 1997 Open-File Report 97-686 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Information unavailable from original metadata. All collected data were processed and used to generate the digital mosaic. Navigation was by differential GPS. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration unknown Information unavailable from original metadata. 2004 ground condition raw sidescan-sonar data Original sidescan-sonar data acquired during National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Survey H11321. The data for this survey were acquired in XTF (extended Triton data format) using a high-resolution Klein 5500. The Klein 5500 tow fish emits five beams on each side of the ship track and transmits at 455 kHz. The sidescan-sonar data were digitally recorded in XTF format using an ISIS data acquisition software package. 2004 XTF sidescan-sonar data Atlantic Hydrographic Branch, NOAA mailing address

439 West York Street

Norfolk VA 23510 USA Information unavailable from original metadata. All sidescan-sonar data were processed using USGS sidescan-sonar processing software packages XSonar and ShowImage. A median filtering routine was applied to the sidescan-sonar data to remove speckle noise. Sonar data were further processed to correct for slant-range and radiometric distortion inherent in the sonar data. Sonar data were corrected for layback. All processed data were mosaicked using XSonar, resulting in an enhanced, geographically correct, sidescan-sonar mosaic with 1 meter/pixel resolution. The composite mosaic was converted to a TIFF image using the following LINUX commands: rawtopgm -headerskip 80 14700 10400 mosaic.ras | pnmtotiff - > mosaic.tif An associated TIFF world file was then created using GeoTiffExaminer XTF sidescan-sonar data 2007 H11321_sonar.tif H11321_sonar.tfw Jane Denny U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA (508) 548-8700 x2311 (508) 457-2310 jdenny@usgs.gov The TIFF image was then imported into Adobe Photoshop CS2 in order to apply a linear stretch (i.e. increase the dynamic range of the data) to the image. H11321_sonar.tif 2007 H11321_sonar_str.tif Jane Denny U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA (508) 548-8700 x2311 (508) 457-2310 jdenny@usgs.gov The image projection was defined as UTM 19 NAD 83 and renamed. ArcGIS 9.2. H11321_sonar_str.tif 2007 h11321_1m_sss_utm_str.tif Katherine McMullen U.S. Geological Survey Sediment Lab Technician mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA (508) 548-8700 x2277 (508) 457-2310 kmcmullen@usgs.gov Background (NoData) of TIFF was selected with magic wand in Adobe Photoshop 5.0 Limited Edition and filled with white to set NoData value as 255. h11321_1m_sss_utm_str.tif 2008 h11321_1m_sss_utm_str.tif Katherine McMullen U.S. Geological Survey Sediment Lab Technician mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA (508) 548-8700 x2277 (508) 457-2310 kmcmullen@usgs.gov Geographic information from the world file was written into the TIFF using GeoTiffExamine. h11321_1m_sss_utm_str.tif h11321_1m_sss_utm_str.tfw 2008 h11321_1m_sss_utm_str.tif Katherine McMullen U.S. Geological Survey Sediment Lab Technician mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA (508) 548-8700 x2277 (508) 457-2310 kmcmullen@usgs.gov Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.32 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Time period of content date format had to be fixed. Removed empty entity and attribute information. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. 20151215 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. 20180720 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. 20191118 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20200908 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Raster Pixel 10400 14700 1 Universal Transverse Mercator 19 0.999600 -69.000000 0.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 row and column 1.000000 1.000000 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 Band_1 Information unavailable from original metadata. Information unavailable from original metadata. ObjectID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Lawrence Poppe U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA (508) 548-8700 x2314 (508) 457-2310 lpoppe@usgs.gov Downloadable Data: 1-m sidescan-sonar image of Survey H11321 Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or NOAA as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS or NOAA in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. TIFF Information unavailable from original metadata. GeoTIFF A zip file containing the GeoTIFF image, world file and accompanying metadata files. zip archive 51.8 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1366/data/sidescan/utm/h11321_1m_sss_utm_str/h11321_1m_sss_utm_str.zip http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1366/html/catalog.html Data are downloadable via the World Wide Web (WWW). DVD-ROM 4.75 Gbytes UDF None This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. 2008 20211116 U.S. Geological Survey Katherine McMullen Sediment Lab Technician mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA (508) 548-8700 x2277 (508) 457-2310 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid. FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time None None