Color GeoTIFF Image of the 10-m Interpolated Bathymetric Grid of the Northern Part of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Survey H11044 off Milford, Connecticut (H11044N_MB10M_UTM18.TIF, UTM Zone 18, WGS84)

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Color GeoTIFF Image of the 10-m Interpolated Bathymetric Grid of the Northern Part of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Survey H11044 off Milford, Connecticut (H11044N_MB10M_UTM18.TIF, UTM Zone 18, WGS84)
Abstract:
During 2001 the NOAA Ship RUDE completed charting survey H11044 that covered a roughly 293 km2 area of the sea floor in north-central Long Island Sound, off Milford Connecticut. Although 100 percent coverage was achieved with sidescan sonar for charting purposes, only reconnaissance (spaced line) bathymetry was acquired with shallow-water multibeam and single-beam systems. Therefore, further processing was conducted at the USGS's Woods Hole Science Center to provide bathymetric datasets with more continuous coverage. This project produced grids and GeoTIFF imagery of the combined and interpolated shallow-water multibeam and single-beam bathymetry generated from the northern part of this data set. Anthropogenic wastes, toxic chemicals, and changes in land-use patterns resulting from residential, commercial, and recreational development have stressed the environment of the Sound, causing degradation and potential loss of benthic habitats. Detailed maps of the sea floor are needed to help evaluate the extent of adverse impacts and to help manage resources wisely in the future. Therefore, in a continuing effort to better understand Long Island Sound, we have interpolated and gridded shallow-water multibeam and single-beam bathymetric data within specific areas of special interest.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Color GeoTIFF Image of the 10-m Interpolated Bathymetric Grid of the Northern Part of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Survey H11044 off Milford, Connecticut (H11044N_MB10M_UTM18.TIF, UTM Zone 18, WGS84): Open-File Report 2008-1146, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Poppe, L.J., Ackerman, S.D., McMullen, K.Y., Schattgen, P.T., Schaer, J.D., and Doran, E.F., 2008, Interpolation of Reconnaissance Multibeam and Single-Beam Bathymetry Offshore of Milford, Connecticut: Open-File Report 2008-1146, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.128976
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.933695
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.248977
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.127854
  3. What does it look like?
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1146/data/bathy/geotifs/utm/h11044n_mb10m_utm18.gif (GIF)
    Thumbnail image showing the color Geotiff of the 10-m gridded interpolated bathymetry collected during NOAA survey H11044 in UTM Zone 18, WGS84
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 07-May-2001
    Ending_Date: 13-Nov-2001
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions 1309 x 1609 x 1, type Pixel
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 18
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
      False_Easting: 500000.000000
      False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar coordinates are encoded using row and column
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 10.000000
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 10.000000
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters
      The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    There are no attributes associated with the GeoTiff image. Pixel values convey RGB values of individual cells.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Larry Poppe
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2314 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    lpoppe@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

To release a color GeoTIFF image of the 10-m interpolated grid of the shallow-water multibeam and single-beam bathymetry generated from the northern part of NOAA survey H11044 off Milford, Connecticut in UTM Zone 18, WGS84.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard. (source 1 of 1)
    The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard. Assumed to be NOAA., unknown, The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard..

    Type_of_Source_Media: DVD-ROM
    Source_Contribution:
    Original processed shallow-water multibeam and single-beam bathymetric data.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: Unknown (process 1 of 11)
    The multibeam data were acquired in XTF (extended Triton data format) and recorded digitally through an ISIS data acquisition system. A Reson SeaBat 9003 echosounder was used to acquire the shallow-water multibeam bathymetric data and an Odom Echotrac DF-3200 dual-frequency echosounder was used to acquire the single-beam bathymetry from the NOAA ship Rude. An Odom Echotrac DF-3200 dual-frequency echosounder hull-mounted on a 23' launch deployed from the NOAA ship Rude was used to acquire sounding data in the shallower areas. These data were processed using CARIS HIPS (Hydrographic Image Processing System) software for quality control, and to incorporate sound velocity and tidal corrections. Sound velocity corrections were derived using frequent SEACAT CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) profiles. Typically, a CTD cast was conducted every four to six hours of multibeam acquisition. Tidal zone corrections were calculated from data acquired at tidal gauges at Bridgeport and NewHaven, Connecticut, and at Kings Point, New York. The vertical resolution of the shallow-water multibeam data is approximately 0.5% of the water depth. The data were gridded to 1.5-m resolution and exported in text (.txt) format. Vertical datum is mean lower low water; X and Y units are decimal degrees. Person who carried out this activity:
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    Attn: Jasper Schaer
    Field Operations Officer
    439 West York Street
    Norfolk, VA
    USA

    757-441-6726 (voice)
    jasper.schaer@noaa.gov
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • h11044_1_5mddeg_xyz.txt
    Date: 2008 (process 2 of 11)
    The PROJ v4.5 cartographic projections library was used to project the data to UTM zone 18 [proj +proj=utm +zone=18 +ellps=WGS84 -r -s -f %0.2f h11044_1_5mddeg_xyz.txt > UTM_H11044_1_5m.xyz]. Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    Woods Hole Science Center
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • h11044_1_5mddeg_xyz.txt
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • utm_h11044_1_5m.xyz
    Date: 2008 (process 3 of 11)
    A series of GMT v4.0 (the Generic Mapping Tools) are run during this process including Minmax to determine the data bounds and to help identify anomalous values [minmax UTM_H11044_1_5m.xyz]. An AWK script was run to filter the dataset and prepare it to be processed thru the GMT block median routine [awk '{if($3>0 && $3<22 $1>4555000) printf "%6.2f\t%7.2f\t%3.2f\n",$2,$1,$3*-1}' UTM_H11044_1_5m.xyz > sda_44.end]. Based on visual inspection of the removed data points (both their location and their elevation relation to the surrounding data points) the values above 22 were indeed anomalous. Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    Woods Hole Science Center
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • utm_h11044_1_5m.xyz
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • sda_44.end
    Date: 2008 (process 4 of 11)
    GMT v4.0 programs were used to create a 10-m interpolated GMT grid of the bathymetry. Interpolation was achieved during GMT processing by running the data through a block median filter [blockmedian sda_44.end -R656854.36/674854.36/4555000.52/4570000.52/ -I10/10 -V -bod > sda_44.blockmed], a surface generating algorithm [surface sda_44.blockmed -R656854.36/674854.36/4555000.52/4570000.52/ -Gsda_big44.grd -C0.1 -I10/10 -T1.0 -V -bid], and the grid cut program [grdcut sda_big44.grd -R656854.36/673134.36/4555000.52/4568110.52/ -Gsda_cut44.grd]. Processing parameters were set to default unless otherwise noted in the scripts. Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    Woods Hole Science Center
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • sda_44.end
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • sda_cut44.grd
    Date: 2008 (process 5 of 11)
    The GDAL v1.3.2 (Geospatial Data Abstraction Library) commandline utility gdal_translate was used to convert the GMT grid into a 32bit GeoTIFF with proper bounds and projection information [gdal_translate -sds -a_ullr 656849.36 4554995.52 673139.36 4568115.52 -a_srs EPSG:32618 sda_cut44.grd sda_44_new2.tif]. Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    Woods Hole Science Center
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • sda_cut44.grd
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • sda_44_new2.tif
    Date: 2008 (process 6 of 11)
    The GeoTIFF created in GMT/GDAL was then clipped by a shapefile of the survey extent using ESRI ArcGIS ArcToolbox v9.2 (Spatial Analyst, Extraction, Extract by Mask). Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    Woods Hole Science Center
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • sda_44_new2.tif
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • h11044n_10utm
    Date: 2008 (process 7 of 11)
    Imported the bathymetry grid into IVS Fledermaus-DMagic v6.5.1 and created the hillshade file "h11044_10mutm.shade" with azimuth 45 deg and vertical scale 8x. Opened the shade file in IVS Fledermaus-ImageViewer v6.5.1-ImageViewer v6.5.1, and exported it as a GeoTIFF with a world file with an upper left origin. Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    Woods Hole Science Center
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • h11044n_10utm
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • h11044n_mb10m_utm18.tif
    • h11044n_mb10m_utm18.tfw
    Date: 07-Mar-2016 (process 8 of 11)
    Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.32 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 20-Jul-2018 (process 9 of 11)
    USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 18-Nov-2019 (process 10 of 11)
    Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 08-Sep-2020 (process 11 of 11)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Poppe, L.J., Ackerman, S.D., Doran, E.F., Beaver, A.J., Crocker, J.M., and Schattgen, P.T., 2006, Interpolation of Reconnaissance Multibeam Bathymetry from North-Central Long Island Sound: Open-File Report 2005-1145, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Navigation was by differential GPS
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    The vertical resolution of the shallow-water multibeam data is approximately 0.5% of the water depth.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    All collected data from the northern part of NOAA survey H11044 were processed and used to produce this dataset.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    Information unavailable from original metadata.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Data are not to be used for navigation purposes. Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the originators of this information.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Larry Poppe
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2314 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    lpoppe@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, the USGS, NOAA, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 16-Nov-2021
Metadata author:
Larry Poppe
U.S. Geological Survey
Geologist
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA
USA

(508) 548-8700 x2314 (voice)
(508) 457-2310 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid.
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/open_file_report/ofr2008-1146/h11044n_mb10m_utm18.tif.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Nov 16 10:06:36 2021