Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: John F. Bratton Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Raw and Modified Raw Continuous Resistivity Profile Data Collected in the Potomac River/Chesapeake Bay on Sept. 6, 2006 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2009-1151 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091151 Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1151/data/resistivity/raw_resis/sept6_raw.zip Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1151/html/catalog.html Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Originator: David S. Foster Originator: John F. Bratton Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Continuous Resistivity Profiling and Seismic-Reflection Data Collected in 2006 from the Potomac River Estuary, Virginia and Maryland Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2009-1151 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1151/ Description: Abstract: In order to test hypotheses about groundwater flow under and into Chesapeake Bay, geophysical surveys were conducted by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists on Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac River Estuary in September 2006. Chesapeake Bay resource managers are concerned about nutrients that are entering the estuary via submarine groundwater discharge, which are contributing to eutrophication. The USGS has performed many related studies in recent years to provide managers with information necessary to make informed decisions about this issue. The research carried out as part of the study described here was designed to help refine nutrient budgets for Chesapeake Bay by characterizing submarine groundwater flow and discharge of groundwater beneath part of the mainstem and a major tributary, the Potomac River Estuary. Purpose: The purpose of this dataset is to provide the raw resistivity data collected on this date by the AGI SuperSting system. In addition, these data are provided in a format ready for processing. In some cases, small edits had to be made to the original raw files to make them suitable for processing. Both the raw and modified raw files are included. And finally, this dataset acts as a data archive. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20060906 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -76.454833 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -76.310367 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.295767 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.946450 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:52d10a0f-38b2-4eed-98ad-918cf088bc6f Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Field Activity Serial Number 06018 Theme_Keyword: Info Bank ID K-1-06-CH Theme_Keyword: navigation Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Continuous Resistivity Profiling Theme_Keyword: CRP Theme_Keyword: R/V Kerhin Theme_Keyword: Lowrance GPS Theme_Keyword: AGI SuperSting Theme_Keyword: raw data Theme_Keyword: groundwater Theme_Keyword: submarine groundwater Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme_Keyword: location Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: continuous resistivity profiling Theme_Keyword: navigational data Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: North Atlantic Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Virginia Place_Keyword: Potomac River Estuary Place_Keyword: Chesapeake Bay Place_Keyword: Dennis Point Marina Place_Keyword: Solomons, Maryland Place_Keyword: Maryland Place_Keyword: Patuxent River Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: The public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: John F. Bratton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2254 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbratton@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.6.1500 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: All the data files were checked and handled in the same manner. Completeness_Report: These files represent all the raw resistivity files used to process resistivity profile data on this date. In cases where corrections had to be made to the Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation files and/or the raw resistivity files (STG), both the original and corrected files are included. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The primary navigation system used was a Lowrance 480M with an LGC-2000 Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna. The antenna was located 7.9 meters forward of the anchor point for the resistivity streamer, and approximately 3 meters forward of the fathometer transducer. These offsets were not entered into the GPS system. Additionally, because of navigation and fathometers issues, periodically the ship's navigation system was used to supplement these data. The ship had a Differential GPS (DGPS) system with the antenna placed in the same location as the Lowrance antenna. The fathometer was located (hull-mounted) roughly directly below the antenna, so no horizontal offset. Because of the mixture of systems, the accuracy is on the order of 20 meters. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: All the bathymetric values from this day were collected by the ship's fathometer. This fathometer was hull mounted approximately mid-ship, relatively close to the navigation antenna. The values are assumed to be accurate to within 1 meter. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Raw CRP Data Type_of_Source_Media: hard disk Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20060906 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: raw crp data Source_Contribution: The continuous resistivity profile (CRP) system used on this cruise was an AGI SuperSting marine system described at the website: www.agiusa.com/marinesystem.shtml. The particular system used for this acquisition was a 100-m streamer with an 11 electrode array with electrodes spaced 10 meters apart. The source electrodes are graphite, while the receiver electrodes are stainless steel. A dipole-dipole configuration was used for the data collection in which two fixed current electrodes are assigned with the measurement of voltage potential between electrode pairs in the remaining electrodes. Each line of data acquisition records several files. The two files necessary for processing are the *.stg and the *.gps file. The STG file contains the resistivity data, while the GPS file contains the navigation information. The navigation system used in concert with the CRP system is a Lowrance LMS-480M with an LGC-2000 GPS antenna and a 200 kHz fathometer transducer. The transducer also contains a temperature sensor which was not working on Julian Day 249. Lowrance indicates the speed of sound used by the system is 4800 feet/second. On the first day of data collection (Julian Day 249, Sept. 6, 2006) the Lowrance transducer was side-mounted mid-ship on the port side of the boat. The remainder of the cruise the transducer was side-mounted mid-ship of the starboard side of the boat. The CRP system images the subsurface electrical properties of an estuarine, riverine or lacustrine environment. Resistivity differences can be attributed to subsurface geology (conductive vs less conductive layers) and hydrogeologic conditions with fresh water exhibiting high resistivity and saline conditions showing low resistivity. Process_Step: Process_Description: The data were transferred from the logging computer via AGISSAdmin software version 1.03.09. The data files available for this day are L1F1*, L2F1*, L3F1*, L4F1*, L5F1* and L6F1*. These files were then transferred via a thumb drive to the processing computer. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Step: Process_Description: The first step is to check the navigation recorded in the *.gps file for each line of acquisition. Although the navigation fixes themselves appear to be okay, the fathometer data is not. To verify this, I extracted the $GPRMC line from the CRP GPS files using an AWK script. (* refers to the line name, which for this day are L1F1, L2F1, L3F1, L4F1, L5F1 and L6F1). >awkpullgprmc: > BEGIN { >FS="," >} >{ >FS="," >if ($1=="$GPRMC") >{ >print $0 >} >endif >} Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.gps Process_Date: 2006 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.gprmc Process_Step: Process_Description: Used an AWK script to reformat the GPRMC navigation to a comma-delimited ANSI text navigation file suitable for loading in the GIS. (* refers to the line name, which for this day are L1F1, L2F1, L3f1, L4F1, L5F1 and L6F1). The text editor VI was used to add the necessary header line to each file. >awk_justgprmc: >BEGIN { >FS="," >} >{ >FS= "," >ARGC = 2 >if ($1=="$GPRMC") { >gpstime = $2 >hr = substr($2,1,2) >min = substr($2,3,2) >sec = substr($2,5,2) >latdeg = substr($4,1,2) >latmin = substr($4,3,6) >londeg = substr($6,2,2) >lonmin = substr($6,4,6) >declat = latdeg + (latmin/60) >declon = (londeg + (lonmin/60)) * -1 >date = $10 >day = substr($10,1,2) >month = substr($10,3,2) >year = substr($10,5,2) >printf("%8.6f, %8.6f, %s:%s:%s, %s\n",declon, declat, hr, min, sec, date) >} >} Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.gprmc Process_Date: 2006 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.gprmc.txt Process_Step: Process_Description: Using ArcView 3.3 this comma-delimited ANSI text file was loaded as an event theme. This event theme was then saved as a shapefile using Theme - Convert to shapefile. (* refers to the line name, which for this day are L1F1, L2F1, L3F1, L4F1, L5F1 and L6F1) Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.gprmc.txt Process_Date: 2006 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.shp Process_Step: Process_Description: An ANSI text file containing the ship's navigation and fathometer information was transferred from the ship's system using a thumb drive. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Step: Process_Description: This text file was reformatted using an AWK script into a comma-delimited ANSI text file suitable for loading in the GIS. >awknav: >{ >shipdate = $1 >gpstime = $2 >latdeg = substr($5,1,2) >latdecmin = $6 >declat = latdeg + (latdecmin/60) >londeg = substr($7,1,3) >londecmin = $8 >declon = -1 * (londeg + (londecmin/60)) >depmeters = $10 >printf("%s, %s, %9.6f, %9.6f, %s\n",shipdate, gpstime, declat, declon, depmeters) >} Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: usgs090606.nav Process_Date: 2006 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: shippnts_249.txt Process_Step: Process_Description: The ANSI text file was loaded into ArcView 3.3 as an event theme and then saved as a shapefile using Theme - convert to shapefile. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: shippnts_249.txt Process_Date: 2006 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: shippnts_249.shp Process_Step: Process_Description: Within ArcView 3.3 I used the spatial join capabilities to join the ship navigation and fathometer information to each line of resistivity navigation. This is accomplished by opening both attribute tables in ArcView. Then make the source table active (the table that I want to join to the other table). In this case, that's the attribute table for shippnts_249.shp. Within this table, click the Shape field's name. Then make the other attribute table active (*.shp where * represents the line name such as l1f1). Select the Shape field's name. Then from the table menu, choose "Join". This essentially finds the closest positional point in shippnts_249.shp and joins it to the *.shp attribute table. (* refers to the line name, which for this day are L1F1, L2F1, L3F1, L4F1, L5F1 and L6F1) Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.shp Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: shippnts_249.shp Process_Date: 2006 Process_Step: Process_Description: The only information I need from this joined table is the bathymetry information. So using the table properties, I turn off (uncheck the visible option) everything but the depth values. Once this is done, I use File - Export to export the table to a delimited text file. (* refers to the line name, which for this day are L1F1, L2F1, L3F1, L4F1, L5F1 and L6F1) Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.shp Process_Date: 2006 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *_shipbathy.txt Process_Step: Process_Description: I then ran an AWK script which would take the each line of the bathymetry information and convert it to the $SDDPT format that a GPS system would record. (* refers to the line name, which for this day are L1F1, L2F1, L3F1, L4F1, L5F1 and L6F1). The $SDDPT refers to the water depth relative to the transducer, in meters. The sentence is of the format "$SDDPT, DATA_METERS, OFFSET_METERS, MAXIMUM_METERS*hh<0D><0A> where the portion after the * is a checksum value. I manually defined everything except the actual depth values, since those are the only values I'll use. >awk_sddpt: >{ >depthval = $1 >printf("$SDDPT,%s,0.0*65\n",depthval) >} Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *_shipbathy.txt Process_Date: 2006 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *.sddpt Process_Step: Process_Description: For every line in the extracted GPRMC data, I now have a separate files with the same number of lines containing bathymetry information in the $SDDPT format. Using CYGWIN (a UNIX like environment that runs under Windows) I use the "paste" command to join the two files using a newline character as the delimiter between the two files. Essentially what this does is generate a file with a line of GPRMC data, then SDDPT and so for and so on. The syntax with the paste command I used for the resistivity navigation is: paste -d '\n' filename1 filename2 > output where filename1 is the GPRMC text file, filename2 is the bathymetry text file, and the output is the repaired GPS navigation file. (* refers to the line name, which for this day are L1F1, L2F1, L3F1, L4F1, L5F1 and L6F1) Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.gprmc Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: *.sddpt Process_Date: 2006 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: *fix.gps Process_Step: Process_Description: Line 5 required some additional navigation fixes. I had to substitute bad navigation at time 205333 with navigation from the ship at time 205354. I manually made the conversion from decimal degrees to degrees decimal minutes and overwrote the values in the GPS file. Based on the surrounding fixes, I set the depth value to 14.8. I also edited the heading values in the $GPRMC string to reflect reasonable values at times 205333 and 205343. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: l5f1fix.gps Process_Date: 2006 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l5F1fix.gps Process_Step: Process_Description: Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.34 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard. The distribution format name was modified in an attempt to be more consistent with other metadata files of the same data format. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Process_Date: 20161027 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Process_Date: 20180720 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Process_Date: 20191118 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200908 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Degrees and decimal minutes Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface Depth_Resolution: 0.1 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: John F. Bratton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2254 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbratton@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TEXT Format_Information_Content: The WinZip (version 9.0) file contains all the raw CRP data from Sept. 6, 2006 as well as the associated metadata files. Transfer_Size: 1.03 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1151/data/resistivity/raw_resis/sept6_raw.zip Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1151/html/catalog.html Offline_Option: Offline_Media: DVD-ROM Recording_Capacity: Recording_Density: 4.75 Recording_Density_Units: GBytes Recording_Format: UDF Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: The data are provided in a WinZip compressed file. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the archive. In addition, the raw data are available in a format compatible with AGI Geosciences Marine Log Manager software. The user must have software capable of reading the AGI format in order to process these data. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240318 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time