John F. Bratton
VeeAnn A. Cross
2010
Processed Continuous Resistivity Profile Data Collected in the Potomac River/Chesapeake Bay on Sept. 7, 2006
Open-File Report
2009-1151
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091151
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1151/data/resistivity/proc_resis/sept7_proc.zip
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1151/html/catalog.html
VeeAnn A. Cross
David S. Foster
John F. Bratton
2010
Continuous Resistivity Profiling and Seismic-Reflection Data Collected in 2006 from the Potomac River Estuary, Virginia and Maryland
Open-File Report
2009-1151
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1151/
In order to test hypotheses about groundwater flow under and into Chesapeake Bay, geophysical surveys were conducted by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists on Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac River Estuary in September 2006. Chesapeake Bay resource managers are concerned about nutrients that are entering the estuary via submarine groundwater discharge, which are contributing to eutrophication. The USGS has performed many related studies in recent years to provide managers with information necessary to make informed decisions about this issue. The research carried out as part of the study described here was designed to help refine nutrient budgets for Chesapeake Bay by characterizing submarine groundwater flow and discharge of groundwater beneath part of the mainstem and a major tributary, the Potomac River Estuary.
To provide the processed continuous resistivity profile (CRP) data collected on this date by the AGI SuperSting system.
20060907
ground condition
None planned
-76.751217
-76.453150
38.228350
38.077633
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:57395ccc-d2b5-41bd-967c-e361ce1597c6
None
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Coastal and Marine Geology Program
CMGP
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
WHCMSC
Field Activity Serial Number 06018
Info Bank ID K-1-06-CH
navigation
bathymetry
Continuous Resistivity Profiling
CRP
R/V Kerhin
Lowrance GPS
AGI SuperSting
processed data
groundwater
submarine groundwater
ISO 19115 Topic Category
elevation
inlandWaters
location
oceans
geoscientificInformation
USGS Thesaurus
continuous resistivity profiling
image collections
None
North America
North Atlantic
United States
Virginia
Potomac River Estuary
Chesapeake Bay
Dennis Point Marina
Solomons, Maryland
Maryland
Patuxent River
None.
The public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
John F. Bratton
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
(508) 548-8700 x2254
(508) 457-2310
jbratton@usgs.gov
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850
Advanced Geosciences, Inc.
2005
Instruction Manual for EarthImager 2D, version 1.9.0, Resistivity and IP inversion software
http://www.agiusa.com/
Advanced Geosciences, Inc.
2003
Instruction Manual for the Marine Log Manager Module of the Administrator for SuperSting Software, Release 1.3.7
http://www.agiusa.com/
All the data files were checked and handled in the same manner.
All usable data collected on this day was processed. The processed files are included in this dataset. Two particular lines (for l10f2_part1 and l13f1_part2) were too short to generate all the resulting output files including JPEG images. But in both cases, the initial processed files (the linearization STG and DEP files) are included.
The primary navigation system used was a Lowrance 480M with an LGC-2000 Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna. The antenna was located 7.9 meters forward of the anchor point for the resistivity streamer, and approximately 3 meters forward of the fathometer transducer. These offsets were not entered into the GPS system. Additionally, because of navigation and fathometers issues, periodically the ship's navigation system was used to supplement these data. The ship had a Differential GPS (DGPS) system with the antenna placed in the same location as the Lowrance antenna. The fathometer was located (hull-mounted) roughly directly below the antenna, so no horizontal offset. Because of the mixture of systems, the accuracy is on the order of 20 meters.
On this day most of the bathymetric values were collected by the Lowrance fathometer. This fathometer was mounted mid-ship on the starboard side of the boat. The Lowrance manufacturer indicates the speed of sound used by the system to convert to depths is 4800 feet/second. The ship's fathometer was hull mounted approximately mid-ship, relatively close to the navigation antenna. All values are assumed to be accurate to within 1 meter.
U.S. Geological Survey
Unpublished material
Raw CRP Data
hard disk
20060907
ground condition
raw crp data
The continuous resistivity profile (CRP) system used on this cruise was an AGI SuperSting marine system described at the website: www.agiusa.com/marinesystem.shtml. The particular system used for this acquisition was a 100-m streamer with an 11 electrode array with electrodes spaced 10 meters apart. The source electrodes are graphite, while the receiver electrodes are stainless steel. A dipole-dipole configuration was used for the data collection in which two fixed current electrodes are assigned with the measurement of voltage potential between electrode pairs in the remaining electrodes. Each line of data acquisition records several files. The two files necessary for processing are the *.stg and the *.gps file. The STG file contains the resistivity data, while the GPS file contains the navigation information. The navigation system used in concert with the CRP system is a Lowrance LMS-480M with an LGC-2000 GPS antenna and a 200 kHz fathometer transducer. The transducer also contains a temperature sensor which was not working on Julian Day 249. Lowrance indicates the speed of sound used by the system is 4800 feet/second. On the first day of data collection (Julian Day 249, Sept. 6, 2006) the Lowrance transducer was side-mounted mid-ship on the port side of the boat. The remainder of the cruise the transducer was side-mounted mid-ship of the starboard side of the boat.
The CRP system images the subsurface electrical properties of an estuarine, riverine or lacustrine environment. Resistivity differences can be attributed to subsurface geology (conductive vs less conductive layers) and hydrogeologic conditions with fresh water exhibiting high resistivity and saline conditions showing low resistivity.
Once the navigation and raw data were assessed to be okay, the actual processing of the data could start. The resistivity data were merged with the navigation data and linearized using AGI's Marine Log Manager software. (Note that the Marine Log Manager version is different than the software version of the AGISSAdmin software of which it is a part - although shipped together, the software is developed separately). The version of Marine Log Manager used was AGI SSAdmin MLM v 1.3.4. The GPS offset was set to 7.9 meters to account for the difference between the navigation antenna and the resistivity cable tow point. The lines processed on this day are L7F1, L8F1, F9L1, F10L1, L10F2, L11F1, L12F1, L13F1, L14F1, L15F1, L16F1, L17F1, L18F1, and L19F1. These line names are what the * refers to in the source used and source produced citations. In the initial process of the raw data, several lines were split into pieces. These include L10F2 and L13F1 so these lines have a part1 and part2 which is reflected in their filenames. For example: L10F2_part1.stg and a resulting L10F2_part1_lin.stg. The other split files follow the same naming convention. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - VeeAnn A. Cross.
*.gps
*.stg
2006
*_lin.stg
*_lin.dep
VeeAnn A. Cross
U.S. Geological Survey
Marine Geologist
mailing and physical address
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
(508) 548-8700 x2251
(508) 457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
The DEP file was checked for anomalous bathymetry values, or duplicated distance along values, and those lines in the file were deleted.
2006
EarthImager software does not require that a default resistivity value for the water column be supplied in the DEP file. If one is not supplied, then it calculates a value based on the first electrode pair. For this cruise, another system was acquiring data at the same time as the resistivity system. I took the data from that system which included conductivity and temperature measured values of the near surface water and reformatted these data to text files that could be loaded into ArcMap as XY Event themes. The reformatting was accomplished with a locally written python script called r_nav.py.
R720060907092500.RAW
R720060907124457.RAW
2006
R720060907092500.txt
R720060907124457.txt
These text files were then loaded into ArcMap 9.0 using Tools - Add XY data and setting the projection to Geographic, NAD83. Once the event layers were loaded into ArcMap they were converted to shapefiles using the Data Export option. The individual shapefiles were then merged into a single shapefile representing the Julian Day using ET GeoWizards version 9.
R720060907092500.txt
R720060907124457.txt
2006
jd250_pnts.shp
I then used the resistivity calculator in VACExtras v. 1.95 to convert the temperature and salinity values to resistivity values with the units of ohm-m. The result of the calculation is to add an attribute to the shapefile called "resval". In the event that either the temperature or salinity value is not available, a resval of -9999 is used as the calculated value.
jd250_pnts.shp
2006
jd250_pnts.shp
I then used the ArcToolbox 9.0 Analysis tools - Proximity - Near tool with the following parameters: input feature - the points containing the calculated water resistivity values; near features - the resistivity tracklines from this particular Julian day; search radius - 40 meters. Running this tool added the fields NEAR_FID and NEAR_DIST to the input point shapefile containing the water resistivity values (jd250_pnts.shp). I chose a 40 meter radius because I wanted to exclude far away values so as not to skew results. The instrument collecting the water conductivity information does not track right on top of the CPR navigation, so comparing the two datasets indicated a 40 meter search radius was appropriate.
jd250_pnts.shp
resnavlns_jd250.shp
2006
jd250_pnts.shp
I then created a text field called "resline" within the point shapefile using the attribute table option - Add field. I then joined the point shapefile to the polyline shapefile using the NEAR_FID attribute in the point shapefile and the FID attribute from the polyline shapefile. I selected all records within the joined table where NEAR_FID <> -1. the -1 is what is put for a point that doesn't fall near a line within the search radius (in the Near tool). I then copied over the line name attribute value from the polyline shapefile to the resline attribute within the point shapefile.
jd250_pnts.shp
resnavlns_jd250.shp
2006
By selecting all the records for a given CRP line I can do the statistics to calculate the mean of the calculated water resistivity values. First I use the properties of the shapefile to define a definition query that will exclude all resistivity values that equal -9999 since this is essentially a NODATA value. Once this is done, the mean value is then used as the water resistivity value within the DEP file for that particular CRP line. This value is added to the appropriate location within the DEP file, and this file is then saved as *_lin_wres.dep where the * refers to the original line name. (* on this day refers to L7F1, L8F1, F9L1, F10L1, L10F2, L11F1, L12F1, L13F1, L14F1, L15F1, L16F1, L17F1, L18F1, and L19F1).
*_lin.dep
2006
*_lin_wres.dep
EarthImager version 1.9.9 was used to process the data files. The *.ini file accompanying the results contains the parameters used during the processing. These parameters include: minimum voltage: 0.02; minimum abs(V/I): 2E-5; max repeat error: 3%; min apparent res: 0.03; max apparent res: 1000; max reciprocal error: 5%; remove spikes, smooth model inversion; finite element method; Cholesky decomposition; Dirichlet boundary condition; thickness incremental factor: 1.1; depth factor: 1.1; number of iterations: 8; stop criteria: max RMS 3%; error reduction 5%; L2Norm; CRP processing using a 65% overlap. These INI files can be loaded in EarthImager to help maintain consistent processing parameters for other datasets. When the files are processed, numerous files are generated. Because of the "roll-along" nature of the processing, each line takes several iterations of processing which are then combined into a single output. The output consists of numerous files including JPEG images and text files representing the XYZ position of each resistivity value. There are two JPEG image generated with each process - a long version and a short version. The JPEG files produced uses a color scale for the resistivity that is based on the data extent from that particular file. The JPEG images also include a plot of temperature along the line. In addition to the JPEG images, there are text files with the extensions of *.llt, and *.xyz. Each of these is a text file. The LLT file has four columns of information: longitude in decimal degrees, latitude in decimal degrees, depth in meters, and resistivity value in ohm-m. The XYZ file has three columns of information: distance along line in meters, depth in meters, and resistivity value in ohm-m. There was also a file created with a UTM extension, but the eastings and northing values were invalid so was omitted from this collection (software bug).
An example of the file naming convention is as follows:
For input files of L1F1_lin.stg and L1F1_lin_wres.dep the resulting series of output files are: L1F1_lin1_trial1.ini; L1F1_lin_AllInvRes.llt; L1F1_lin_AllInvRes.xyz; L1F1_lin_trial1_InvResLong.jpg; L1F1_lin_trial1_InvResShort.jpg. You can process an individual line as many times as you want and the software places the results in incrementing folder names starting with trial1. In addition, the STG and DEP used as input to the processing software are written to the results folder.
*_lin.stg
*_lin_wres.dep
2006
*.ini
*.llt
*.xyz
*.jpg
The XYZ output file was then loaded into Matlab version 7.5.0.342 (R2007b), along with the depth information from the DEP file, to create a new JPEG image with the same color scale for all the data files. In this manner, the JPEG images can be compared directly. Care was taken to try to get the vertical and horizontal scales uniform as well, although this was not always possible due to Matlab limitations. These images reside in the "matlabimages" folder. These JPEG images include a black line within the resistivity profile which represents the sediment water interface based on the depth values from the DEP file. The local Matlab script used to load the data was cp_100m_potomac.m, while the local Matlab script used to export the JPEG image was exportfig.m.
*.xyz
*_lin_wres.dep
2009
matlabimages/*.jpg
Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.34 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard. The distribution format name was modified in an attempt to be more consistent with other metadata files of the same data format. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent.
20161027
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section.
20180720
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata.
20191118
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
20200908
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
point
0.000001
0.000001
Decimal degrees
North American Datum of 1983
Geodetic Reference System 80
6378137.000000
298.257222
Local surface
0.1
meters
Explicit depth coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
John F. Bratton
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
(508) 548-8700 x2254
(508) 457-2310
jbratton@usgs.gov
Downloadable Data
Neither the U.S. government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
TEXT
The WinZip (version 9.0) file contains all the processed CRP data from Sept. 7, 2006 as well as the associated metadata files.
WinZip
22.8
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1151/data/resistivity/proc_resis/sept7_proc.zip
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1151/html/catalog.html
DVD-ROM
4.75
GBytes
UDF
JPEG
The WinZip (version 9.0) file contains all the processed CRP data from Sept. 7, 2006 as well as the associated metadata files.
WinZip
22.8
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1151/data/resistivity/proc_resis/sept7_proc.zip
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1151/html/catalog.html
DVD-ROM
4.75
GBytes
UDF
None.
The user must have software capable of uncompressing the WinZip file.
20240318
VeeAnn A. Cross
U.S. Geological Survey
Marine Geologist
mailing and physical address
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
(508) 548-8700 x2251
(508) 457-2310
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318)
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
local time