Text files of the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) navigation logged with HYPACK software by the U.S. Geological Survey during Cruise 08016 within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008

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Frequently anticipated questions:


What does this data set describe?

Title:
Text files of the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) navigation logged with HYPACK software by the U.S. Geological Survey during Cruise 08016 within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008
Abstract:
In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted a geophysical and sampling survey of the riverbed of the Upper St. Clair River between Port Huron, MI, and Sarnia, Ontario, Canada. The objectives were to define the Quaternary geologic framework of the St. Clair River to evaluate the relationship between morphologic change of the riverbed and underlying stratigraphy. This report presents the geophysical and sample data collected from the St. Clair River, May 29-June 6, 2008 as part of the International Upper Great Lakes Study, a 5-year project funded by the International Joint Commission of the United States and Canada to examine whether physical changes in the St. Clair River are affecting water levels within the upper Great Lakes, to assess regulation plans for outflows from Lake Superior, and to examine the potential effect of climate change on the Great Lakes water levels ( http://www.iugls.org). This document makes available the data that were used in a separate report, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1137, which detailed the interpretations of the Quaternary geologic framework of the region. This report includes a description of the suite of high-resolution acoustic and sediment-sampling systems that were used to map the morphology, surficial sediment distribution, and underlying geology of the Upper St. Clair River during USGS field activity 2008-016-FA . Video and photographs of the riverbed were also collected and are included in this data release. Future analyses will be focused on substrate erosion and its effects on river-channel morphology and geometry. Ultimately, the International Upper Great Lakes Study will attempt to determine where physical changes in the St. Clair River affect water flow and, subsequently, water levels in the Upper Great Lakes.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2010, Text files of the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) navigation logged with HYPACK software by the U.S. Geological Survey during Cruise 08016 within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008: Open-File Report 2010-1035, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Denny, Jane F., Foster, David S., Worley, Charles R., and Irwin, Barry J., 2010, Geophysical data collected from the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008-016-FA: Open-File Report 2010-1035, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.448152
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.385284
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.020280
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.951999
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 29-May-2008
    Ending_Date: 04-Jun-2008
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: online
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    The times recorded in the navigation file are in UTC (Coordinate Universal Time). Keywords and the information they provide are as follows:
    FTP: The first record located at the top of the header used to identify the file format.
    VER: HYPACK version number.
    INF: General survey information filled in by the data technician. . This typically contains the survey participants, the vessel name, other agencies involved with the survey, and the location of the survey. The three numbers at the end refer to initial tide correction at start-of-line, initial draft correction at start-of-line and sound velocity from the navigation parameters.. This information was not filled in correctly in 000_1141.150. All other files are correct.
    FIL: Raw format file.
    ELL: Ellipsoid information. The name of the ellipsoid followed by the semi-major axis in meters and the flattening ration.
    PRO: Project information record where TME indicates Transverse Mercator and the central meridian of -81 indicates UTM, zone 17.
    DTM: Datum transformation record
    GEO: Geoid model. Blank if not present.
    HVU: Horizontal and Vertical Units (meters).
    TND: Survey time and date in UTC.
    DEV 0: Indicated that the lines collected with device designation 0 are using DGPS receiver (CSI LGBX Pro)
    OFF: device offsets (none used during this data collection) The number following OFF indicates which device
    DEV 1: Indicates that lines collected with device designation 1 are referencing Furuno single-beam echo sounder
    DEV 2: Indicates that lines collected with device designation 2 are using Ashtech Z-Extreme, capable of recording antenna elevations above a vertical datum (i.e. real-time kinematic, RTK)
    DEV 3: Indicates that lines collected with device designation 3 are referencing Knudsen Chirp profiler
    PRD: Private Device Data (disabled)
    LIN 2: planned line data follows
    PTS: planned line waypoints (eastings and northings, UTM, zone 17N, meters)
    LBP: planned line begin point (easting and northings, UTM zone 17N, meters)
    LNN X: planned line name, where X is the line number
    EOL: end of planned line
    EOH: end of header
    The remaining elements have similar information in the first 3 columns. The first column will indicate the data type, the second column will indicate the device that recorded the information (e.g. 1 for Ashtech receiver) and the third column is the time tag (seconds past midnight) that is also sometimes referred to as the latency. The remaining information on each line is specific to the data type.
    GYR: Gyro Data (Heading). Format GYR dn t h, where dn=device number, t=time tag (seconds past midnight), h=ship heading angle.
    MSG: Message string in the format "MSG dn t message" where dn=device number; t=time tag (seconds past midnight); message is the message sent from the device.
    EC1: echo sounding (singe frequency). Format EC1 dn t rd, where dn=device number, t=time tag (seconds past midnight), rd=raw depth.
    POS: Position of the ship in the format "POS dn t x y" where dn=device number; t=time tag (seconds past midnight); x=easting; y=northing. On this cruise these values are in UTM, Zone 17, WGS84.
    QUA: Position quality information in the format "QUA dn t n m h sat mode" where dn=device number; t=time tag (seconds past midnight); n=number of values to follow; m = 10 minus HDOP (horizontal dilution of precision); h=HDOP; sat=number of satellites; mode=GPS mode (NMEA 0183 standard values) where 0=fix not available or invalid; 1=GPS fix; 2=Differential GPS fix; 3=GPS PPS Mode fix; 4=RTK fix; 5=RTK float.
    RAW: Position information in the format "RAW dn t n lat long alt utc" where dn=device number; t=time tag (seconds past midnight); n=number of values to follow; lat=raw latitude X 100; long=raw longitude X 100; alt=antenna altitude above ellipsoid (meters); utc=GPS time in the format HHMM.
    FIX: Fix (event) mark. Format FIX vn, where n=FIX format version number, Always 2nd record in file.
    The (National Marine Electronics Association) NMEA strings $GPGGA, $GPVTG, and $GPZDA are stored in the HYPACK file. These are defined as follows.
    $GPGGA is GPS fix data in the format "$GPGGA, t, lat, lath, long, longh, q, sat, h, a, M, alt, M, t2, refcheck" where t=time in UTC in the format hhmmss.ss; lat=latitude in the format ddmm.mmmmmm; lath= N or S indicating the latitude hemisphere; long=longitude in the format dddmm.mmmmmm; longh=E or W indicating the hemisphere; q=fix quality where 0=fix not available or invalid; 1=GPS fix; 2=Differential GPS fix; 3=GPS PPS Mode fix; 4=RTK fix; 5=RTK float; sat=number of satellites; h=Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP); a=Antenna altitude above mean sea level (geoid); M= units of antenna altitude in meters; alt=height of geoid above WGS84 ellipsoid; M=units of geoidal height in meters; t2=time since last DGPS update; refcheck=DGPS reference station id and the checksum.
    Example: $GPGGA,163052.00,4118.964217,N,07036.966471,W,4,10,00.9,00005.332,M,-030.544,M,01,*57 UTC Time = 163052 Latitude = 4118.964217 N Longitude = 7036.966471 W Fix Quality = 4 Number of satellites = 10 HDOP = 00.9 relative accuracy of horizontal position Altitude = 5.332 meters above mean sea level Height of geoid above WGS84 ellipsoid = -30.554 meters Time since last update = 01 Checksum = *57.
    $GPVTG is track made good and ground speed in the format $GPCTG, true, T, mag, M, grsp, N, grdp, K, mode, where t=true course made good over ground in degrees, T= True, m=magnetic course made good over ground in degrees, M=magnetic, gdsp=ground speed, N=Knots, grsp=ground speed, K=Kilometers per hour, mode=Mode indicator (A=Autonomous, D=Differential, E=Estimated, N=Data not valid).
    Example: $GPVTG,089.23,T,104.82,M,004.86,N,009.02,K,D*28 True course made good: 089.23 Magnetic course made good: 104.82 Ground speed (knots) = 4.86 Ground speed (kilometers) = 9.02 Mode=Differential
    $GPZDA is UTC Date/Time and Local Time Zone Offset in the format $GPZDA,hhmmss.ss,xx,xx,xxxx,xx,xx where hhmmss.ss=UTC, xx=Day, 01 to 31, xx=month, 01 to 12, xxx=Year, xx=Local zone description, 00 to +/- 13 hours, xx=Local zone minutes description (same sign as hours), checksum.
    Example: $GPZDA,163053.00,09,08,2007,,*60 UTC= 163053.00 UTC day = 09 UTC month = 08 UTC year = 2007 Local zone hours = null Local zone minutes = null Checksum = *60
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
    The definitions of the HYPACK strings were acquired from the HYPACK software manual available from: http://www.hypack.com/. The definitions of the NMEA strings were obtained from: http://home.mira.net/~gnb/gps/nmea.html

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Jane Denny
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2311 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    jdenny@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

These data are supplied to provide the raw navigation collected by an Ashtech Z-Extreme receiver and logged using HYPACK, Inc. navigation software (www.hypack.com). RTK navigation was not incorporated to any of the geophysical systems during data acquisition. These data were stored in order to post-process the RTK navigation to provide improved vertical and horizontal accuracies for the swath bathymetric data. RTK provides accuracies on the order of 10s of centimeters (<http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/>).

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Information not available from original metadata (source 1 of 1)
    Information not available from original metadata - assumed to be USGS, unknown, Information not available from original metadata.

    Type_of_Source_Media: Information not available from original metadata
    Source_Contribution:
    Raw navigation data were saved in HYPACK format (http://www.hypack.com). File name convention is LLL_TTTT.DDD, where LLL is the HYPACK line number, TTTT is the 24 hour time (UTC) for the beginning of the file, and DDD is the Julian day. Times in the file were recorded in UTC (Coordinate Universal Time).
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2008 (process 1 of 5)
    Raw HYPACK navigation files were transferred from the navigation acquisition computer to a Macintosh laptop for accessibility and archival. The raw HYPACK navigation files are stored in separate directories indicating the acquisition Julian Day (JD150 through JD156), corresponding to May 29, 2008 - June 2, 2008. The filenames in each folder are in the format of linenumber_starttime.julianday. For example, filename 017_1455.150 represents HYPACK line number 017, start time 1455 and Julian Day 150. Times are recorded in UTC (Coordinate Universal Time). Person who carried out this activity:
    Jane F. Denny
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Marine Geologist
    Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
    Woods Hole, MA

    (508) 548-8700 x2311 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    jdenny@usgs.gov
    Date: 18-Oct-2017 (process 2 of 5)
    Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.36 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). The link to the data in the Distribution_Information section had to be fixed. Attempted to modify http to https where appropriate. Reordered the links in the identification section to have a landing page link as the first link. The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard. The distribution format name was modified in an attempt to be more consistent with other metadata files of the same data format. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 20-Jul-2018 (process 3 of 5)
    USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 18-Nov-2019 (process 4 of 5)
    Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 08-Sep-2020 (process 5 of 5)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Foster, David S., and Denny, Jane F., 2009, Quaternary Geologic Framework of the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada: Open-File Report 2009-1137, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    HYPACK, Inc., 2009, HYPACK Hydrographic Survey Software User Manual.

    Online Links:


How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    A DGPS antenna, connected to an Ashtech Z-Xtreme receiver, was attached at the center of the rigid horizontal pole used to mount the Octopus F180R Attitude and Positioning system antennas. The DGPS navigation was used to record horizontal position during data acquisition.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    DGPS navigation was used to record horizontal and vertical position (x,y,z) of bathymetric soundings during data acquisition aboard the USGS R/V Rafael. An additional DGPS antenna, connected to an Ashtech Z-Xtreme receiver, was attached at the center of the rigid horizontal pole used to mount the Octopus F180R Attitude and Positioning system antennas. Real Time Kinematic GPS (RTK-GPS) corrections were applied to the Ashtech Z-Xtreme navigation data during post-processing in order to provide sub-meter vertical accuracy for bathymetric soundings. Fort Gratiot, MI, a Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) (http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/), was used as the reference station for the RTK-GPS corrections. A rover RTK-GPS station was established at the tidal benchmark at the U.S. Coast Guard Base at Port Huron in order to determine the offset between North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) (vertical datum referenced at the CORS site) and the International Great Lakes Datum 1985 (IGLD 85) referenced at the tidal benchmark. The following offsets were applied to the shipboard DGPS data during post-processing: vertical offset between NAVD 88 and IGLD 85, the measured distance between the DGPS antenna and SWATHplus transducer, and the depth of the transducer below the water line. The resulting values were applied to the bathymetric soundings during processing to provide a measure of depth relative to IGLD 85.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    These files represent all the Differential GPS and real-time kinematic (RTK) navigation recorded by the HYPACK software during USGS cruise 08016 within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    These are the original raw data files recorded by the HYPACK navigation software. No additional checks or corrections have been made to these files.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None
Use_Constraints Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Jane Denny
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2311 (voice)
    508-457-2311 (FAX)
    jdenny@gmail.com
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.
    Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
    • Availability in digital form:
      Data format: This WinZip file contains the ANSI text HYPACK navigation files as well as the associated metadata files. in format HYPACK (version Information unavailable from original metadata) Size: 13
      Network links: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1035/gis_catalog/nav/hypack.zip
    • Cost to order the data: none

  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    The user must have software capable of uncompressing the WinZip file, such as WinZip or pkUnzip.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 18-Mar-2024
Metadata author:
Jane F. Denny
U.S. Geological Survey
Marine Geologist
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Woods Hole, MA

(508) 548-8700 x2311 (voice)
(508) 457-2310 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318)
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/open_file_report/ofr2010-1035/hypack.faq.html>
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