Elevation of the top of Quaternary glacial drift within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008 (ESRI GRID, QdU)

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Elevation of the top of Quaternary glacial drift within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008 (ESRI GRID, QdU)
Abstract:
In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted a geophysical and sampling survey of the riverbed of the Upper St. Clair River between Port Huron, MI, and Sarnia, Ontario, Canada. The objectives were to define the Quaternary geologic framework of the St. Clair River to evaluate the relationship between morphologic change of the riverbed and underlying stratigraphy. This report presents the geophysical and sample data collected from the St. Clair River, May 29-June 6, 2008 as part of the International Upper Great Lakes Study, a 5-year project funded by the International Joint Commission of the United States and Canada to examine whether physical changes in the St. Clair River are affecting water levels within the upper Great Lakes, to assess regulation plans for outflows from Lake Superior, and to examine the potential effect of climate change on the Great Lakes water levels ( http://www.iugls.org). This document makes available the data that were used in a separate report, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1137, which detailed the interpretations of the Quaternary geologic framework of the region. This report includes a description of the suite of high-resolution acoustic and sediment-sampling systems that were used to map the morphology, surficial sediment distribution, and underlying geology of the Upper St. Clair River during USGS field activity 2008-016-FA . Video and photographs of the riverbed were also collected and are included in this data release. Future analyses will be focused on substrate erosion and its effects on river-channel morphology and geometry. Ultimately, the International Upper Great Lakes Study will attempt to determine where physical changes in the St. Clair River affect water flow and, subsequently, water levels in the Upper Great Lakes.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2010, Elevation of the top of Quaternary glacial drift within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008 (ESRI GRID, QdU): Open-File Report 2010-1035, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Denny, Jane F., Foster, David S., Worley, Charles R., and Irwin, Barry J., 2010, Geophysical data collected from the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada, 2008-016-FA: Open-File Report 2010-1035, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.428391
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.400674
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.015246
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.955864
  3. What does it look like?
    https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1035/gis_catalog/geology/qdu_sm.jpg (JPEG)
    Thumbnail image of the elevation of the top of Quaternary glacial drift within the St. Clair River
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 31-May-2008
    Ending_Date: 01-Jun-2008
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions 1312 x 430 x 1, type Grid Cell
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
      UTM_Zone_Number: 17
      Transverse_Mercator:
      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81.000000
      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
      False_Easting: 500000.000000
      False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar coordinates are encoded using row and column
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 5.000000
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 5.000000
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters
      The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: International Great Lakes Datum 1985 (IGLD85)
      Altitude_Resolution: 0.5
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:
      Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Jane Denny
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2311 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    jdenny@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

This data set contains a grid representing the elevation of the top of Quaternary glacial drift within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario. These data are used to assess the relation between geologic Framework and morphologic changes in the St. Clair River channel.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2008 (process 1 of 12)
    The seismic reflection profiling system utilized a Boomer energy source operated with a power output of 175 joules. The Boomer source was fired at 0.5 s intervals. A single-channel Benthos AQ4 streamer received the seismic reflection signal. The analog signal was band-pass filtered between 100 and 3000 Hz. A 23-db gain was applied. The analog signal was digitized and recorded in SEG-Y format using SonarWiz.MAP +SBP software version 4.03.0089. DGPS coordinates were recorded in the SEG-Y file trace headers in arc seconds. The layback distance from the DGPS antenna to the source and receiver was estimated and applied to the position during acquisition. A total of 200 ms of data were acquired for each trace. A total of 58.5 km of Boomer profiles were collected.
    Chirp sub-bottom profiles were collected using a dual-frequency (3.5 and 200 kHz) Knudsen Engineering Limited (KEL) Chirp 3200 system. Chirp sub-bottom data with a peak frequency of 3.5 kHz were recorded in SEG-Y format with DGPS navigation logged to the SEG-Y file trace headers. The Chirp system was fired at a rate of 0.25 or 0.5 s. The trace length was set to 67 ms. A total of 80 km of Chirp sub-bottom data were collected.
    Date: 2008 (process 2 of 12)
    A Sioseis (http://sioseis.ucsd.edu/) script was executed to read the raw Boomer SEG-Y (Barry and others, 1975) files, apply a band-pass filter of 500 to 2000 Hz and Automatic Gain Control with a window length of 20 ms. Seismic Unix (version 4.1; Stockwell, 1975) was used to read the processed SEG-Y files, write a Seismic Unix file, and extract SEG-Y trace header information, which included shot number, longitude, latitude, year, filename, Julian day, and time of day (UTC). Latitude and Longitude were converted from geographic coordinates (WGS84) to UTM zone 17 coordinates (WGS84) using Proj (version 4.6.0). The unique shot navigation for each seismic line were then concatenated into a comma delimited (.csv) text file.
    Sioseis 2008; Seismic Unix 4.1; Proj 4.6.0 Person who carried out this activity:
    David Foster
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x 2271 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    dfoster@usgs.gov
    Date: 2008 (process 3 of 12)
    The KEL Chirp data were processed using SIOSEIS. A weighted trace mix (1 2 1) was applied and then a exponential gain (a(i) = a(i) * t1.75). Shot point navigation were derived by extracting seconds of arc position from the SEG-Y header using SeismicUnix processing software. A scalar was applied to convert to decimal degrees and UTM Zone 17 coordinates were derived using Proj.
    Sioseis 2008; Seismic Unix 4.1; Proj, 4.6.0 Person who carried out this activity:
    David S. Foster
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2271 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    dfoster@usgs.gov
    Date: 2008 (process 4 of 12)
    The processed SEG-Y files were loaded into Geographix Discovery SeisVision seismic-interpretation software and associated to the unique shot point and UTM coordinates derived in process steps 1 and 2.
    Geographix Discovery SeisVision R5000 Person who carried out this activity:
    David S. Foster
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2271 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    dfoster@usgs.gov
    Date: 2008 (process 5 of 12)
    The upper surface of glacial drift (QdU) was interpreted and digitized in Geographix Discovery SeisVision. The isochron between the upper surface of glacial drift and the riverbed was calculated exported from Geographix Discovery SeisVision.
    Geographix Discovery SeisVision R5000 Person who carried out this activity:
    David S. Foster
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x 2271 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    dfoster@usgs.gov
    Date: 2008 (process 6 of 12)
    Isochron points were imported into EarthVision surface modeling software. The data points were gridded at a 20 x 20-m cell size. The isochron grid was then converted to thickness in meters using a constant sediment velocity of 1,650 m/s. A 5-m bathymetric (referenced to IGLD 85) grid derived from our swath bathymetric data was added to the total sediment isopach grid to yield elevation (IGLD 85) grid of the upper surface of glacial drift. Elevation of the upper surface of glacial drift was exported as X, Y, and Z points (easting, northing, depth) at a 5 x 5-m cell size.
    Dynamic Graphics, Inc. EarthVision version 7 Person who carried out this activity:
    David S. Foster
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2271 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    dfoster@usgs.gov
    Date: 2008 (process 7 of 12)
    The X, Y, Z point data were converted to ESRI grid format using an AML script called xyz2grid.aml.
    ArcGIS 9.2 Person who carried out this activity:
    David S. Foster
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2271 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    dfoster@usgs.gov
    Date: 2010 (process 8 of 12)
    The ESRI Grid was exported as in ASCII raster format using Arc Toolbox - Conversion Tools - From Raster - Raster to ASCII.
    ArcGIS 9.2 Person who carried out this activity:
    Jane F. Denny
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2311 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    jdenny@usgs.gov
    Date: 19-Oct-2017 (process 9 of 12)
    Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.36 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). The link to the data in the Identification_Information section had to be fixed. The link to the data in the Distribution_Information section had to be fixed. Attempted to modify http to https where appropriate. Reordered the links in the identification section to have a landing page link as the first link. Moved the minimal source information provided to make it the first process step. The distribution format name was modified in an attempt to be more consistent with other metadata files of the same data format. Added the AAIGrid distribution formation to account for the ASCII grid present in the zip file. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 20-Jul-2018 (process 10 of 12)
    USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 18-Nov-2019 (process 11 of 12)
    Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 08-Sep-2020 (process 12 of 12)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Foster, David S., and Denny, Jane F., 2009, Quaternary Geologic Framework of the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada: Open-File Report 2009-1137, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Stockwell, John, 2007, Seismic Un*x: Center for Wave Phenomena - Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO.

    Online Links:

    Barry, K.M., Cavers, D.A., and Kneale, C.W., 1975, Report on recommended standards for digital tape formats: Geophysics v. 40, no. 02, p. 344-352., Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), Houston, TX.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) navigation data were acquired with a Communications Systems International (CSI), Inc. LGBX Pro receiver and sent to Boomer acquisition software, SonarWiz, where sub-bottom data were recorded in Society of Exploration Geophysicists Y (SEG-Y) format (Barry and others, 1975) with DGPS positions logged to the SEG-Y trace headers.
    DGPS accuracy is 1 to 3 meters (<http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/>). Error in horizontal position is introduced due to uncertainty in the measurement of layback of the seismic source. Overall horizontal accuracy is assumed to be on the order of 5 meters.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    The nominal resolution of the Boomer and Chirp sub-bottom profiling systems are on the order of 1 meter and 0.3 meters, respectively. Additional error may be introduced due to the uncertainty of the two-way travel time to depth conversion (assumed to be << 1 meter).
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    All Boomer seismic data and Chirp data coinciding with the boomer data were used to generate this grid.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    This map was generated from Chirp and Boomer sub-bottom data collected within the St. Clair River in 2008.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints None
Use_Constraints Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Jane F. Denny
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2311 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    jdenny@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.
    Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
    • Availability in digital form:
      Data format: The WinZip (version 9.0) file contains a grid and ASCII raster file of the elevation to the top of Quaternary glacial drift within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada in format AIG (version ArcGIS 9.2) WinZip Size: 1
      Network links: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1035/gis_catalog/geology/qdu.zip
      Data format: The WinZip (version 9.0) file contains a grid and ASCII raster file of the elevation to the top of Quaternary glacial drift within the St. Clair River between Michigan and Ontario, Canada in format AAIGrid (version ArcGIS 9.2) WinZip Size: 1
      Network links: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1035/gis_catalog/geology/qdu.zip
    • Cost to order the data: none

  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    The grid contained in the qdu.zip file is available as an ESRI Binary grid and an ASCII grid with an ESRI header. However, the folder structure within qdu.zip is critical to proper use of the ESRI binary grid.
    To utilize these data, the user must have a GIS software package capable of reading ESRI Binary grids or ASCII grids with ESRI headers, or be able to manipulate an ASCII matrix with a geospatial header. The ASCII raster files can be easily converted to ESRI grid format in either ArcView with Spatial Analyst extension (Import Data Source: ASCII Raster) or ArcGIS with Spatial Analyst extension (ASCII to Raster). The user should select floating point grid (as opposed to integer grid) when converting the data.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 18-Mar-2024
Metadata author:
U.S. Geological Survey
Attn: Jane F. Denny
Geologist
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA
USA

508-548-8700 x2311 (voice)
508-457-2310 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318)
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/open_file_report/ofr2010-1035/qdu.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.51 on Mon Mar 25 16:05:30 2024