U.S. Geological Survey
2011
GMX_Q09.TIF - U.S. Gulf of Mexico EEZ GLORIA sidescan-sonar data mosaic (9 of 16) (ACEA, 50 m, Clarke1866)
1.0
remote-sensing image
Open-File Report
2010-1332
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Menlo Park, CA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101332
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/htmldocs/gomex/gomex_indexmap.html
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/gloria_data/gomex/gmx_q09.zip
Valerie F. Paskevich
Florence L. Wong
John J. O'Malley
Andrew J. Stevenson
Christina E. Gutmacher
2011
GLORIA Sidescan-Sonar Imagery for Parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and Adjacent Areas
1.0
Open-File Report
2010-1332
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/
During February 1982 and again from August 7 to October 22, 1985 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted four cruises to cover the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Continental Margin Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) seaward of the continental shelf edge. As in earlier EEZ reconnaissance surveys, the USGS utilized the GLORIA (Geological LOng-Range Inclined Asdic) sidescan-sonar system to complete the geologic mapping. The collected GLORIA data were processed and digitally mosaicked to produce continuous imagery of the seafloor. A total of 16 digital mosaics of a 2 degree by 2 degree (or smaller) area with a 50-meter pixel resolution were completed for the Gulf of Mexico region.
This remote sensing image of the seafloor is 9 of 16 mosaics created from the Gulf of Mexico GLORIA sidescan-sonar data.
19820202
19851022
ground condition with the following date ranges: 19820202 to 19820224, 19850807 to 19850903, 19850905 to 19850929, and 19851002 to 19851022
None planned
-96.024314
-93.976955
28.003343
25.991027
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:52e79425-139e-465c-a9b7-205e9cb88c36
None
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Coastal and Marine Geology Program
CMGP
Woods Hole Science Center
WHSC
Geological LOng-Range Inclined Asdic
GLORIA
GeoTIFF image
grey scale image
backscatter
acoustic reflectivity
marine geology
sidescan-sonar mosaic
Exclusive Economic Zone
EEZ
WHSC serial number 82005
WHSC serial number 85027
WHSC serial number 85028
WHSC serial number 85034
WHSC cruise identifier 82FARN-7
WHSC cruise identifier FRNL 85 LEG 1
WHSC cruise identifier FRNL 85 LEG 2
WHSC cruise identifier FRNL 85 LEG 3
Infobank identifier F-7-82-GM
Infobank identifier F-1-85-GM
Infobank identifier F-2-85-GM
Infobank identifier F-3A-85-GM
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
geoscientificInformation
imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords, Version 6.0.0.0.0
Oceans > Ocean Acoustics > Acoustic Reflectivity
NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
ACOUSTIC RECEIVERS
GLORIA > Geological Long-Range Inclined ASDIC
SIDE-SCAN SONAR
Data Categories for Marine Planning
distributions
physical habitats and geomorphology
Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords
seabed
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
sidescan sonar
marine geophysics
USGS Thesaurus
sidescan sonar
image mosaics
marine geophysics
sea-floor characteristics
sea-floor acoustic reflectivity
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Marine Oceanic
Continental/Island Rise
Continental/Island Slope
Marine Basin Floor
None
Gulf of Mexico
continental slope
continental rise
continental margin
continental shelf
Mississippi Canyon and Fan
Sigsbee Escarpment
Florida Escarpment
NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords, Version 6.0.0.0.0
Ocean > Atlantic Ocean
Ocean > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean
Ocean > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Gulf Of Mexico
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecoregion
Floridian Ecoregion
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Substrate
None
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
U.S. Geological Survey
Florence Wong
mailing and physical address
345 Middlefield Road MS 999
Menlo Park
CA
94025
USA
(650) 329-5327
(650) 329-5198
fwong@usgs.gov
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/gloria_data/gomex/browse/gmx_q09-thumb.gif
Thumbnail image showing an overview of the Gulf of Mexico GLORIA mosaic 9.
GIF
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/gloria_data/gomex/browse/gmx_q09.gif
Browse image showing an overview of the Gulf of Mexico GLORIA mosaic 9.
GIF
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) must be referenced as the originator of the dataset in any future products or research derived from these data.
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.0.0.535
EEZ-SCAN 85 Scientific Staff
1987
Atlas of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone, Gulf of Mexico and Eastern Caribbean Areas
1.0
Miscellaneous Investigation Series
I-1864-A,B
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
160 p.
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/i1864AB
J.V. Gardner (editor)
M.E. Field (editor)
D.C. Twichell (editor)
2011
Geology of the United States Seafloor: The View from GLORIA
1.0
Cambridge, U.K.
Cambridge University Press
P.S. Chavez Jr.
1986
Processing Techniques for Digital Sonar Images from GLORIA
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Vol. 52, No. 8, August 1986, p. 1133-1145
Falls Church, VA 22046
American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
P.S. Chavez Jr.
1984
U.S. Geological Survey mini image processing system (MIPS)
Open-File Report
84-880
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr84880
V. Paskevich
1996
Digital mosaics of the GLORIA sidescan-sonar data of the Gulf of Mexico
1.0
Open-File Report
96-657
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
1 CD-ROM
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr96657
V. Paskevich
2000
Gulf of Mexico GLORIA sidescan-sonar Geologic Interpretation: ArcView Data Coverages
1.0
Open-File Report
00-019
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
1 CD-ROM
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-019/
There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image.
not applicable
All available imagery were used to create this mosaic. Data were acquired during several cruises using the 6.5 kHz GLORIA sidescan-sonar system and a 45-km total swath width.
Primary navigational control for this survey was by Loran-C supplemented by satellite navigation. Accuracy of location of the navigation fixes is estimated to be better than 100 meters.
U.S. Geological Survey
unknown
Not available from original metadata file
digital tape media
19820202
19851022
ground condition with the following date ranges: 19820202 to 19820224, 19850807 to 19850903, 19850905 to 19850929, and 19851002 to 19851022
GLORIA pass data
GLORIA data were logged to magnetic tape in 6-hour portions referred to as "passes". Each completed pass contained a maximum 720 "lines" of data at the usual 30-second pulse repetition rate. Each line consisted of a 1024 byte record that contained the port and starboard returns from a single ping as well as header information. These "passes" contained geometric and radiometric distortions which had to be corrected before they could be digitally mosaicked.
The GLORIA "passes" necessary to complete the mosaic were retrieved from magnetic tape. Navigation data were merged into the individual "passes" to update the header information with depth and location coordinates.
GLORIA pass data
1986
"pass".mrg
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
Slant-Range correction, the first of two geometric corrections, was applied to the "passes". This processing step corrects slant-range to ground-range and removes the water column. Slant-range error is mislocation of pixels in the cross-track direction compared to their proper location on a map. This error occurs due to the way that the sidescan-sonar senses distance to a target. After the slant-range correction has been made, the across-track location of targets is accurate.
"pass".mrg
1986
"pass".slr
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
A series of radiometric corrections were then applied to the "passes". The first enhancement was used to correct for shading problems that occur in the across-track direction and are a function of attenuation in range distance and transmitter power build-up.
"pass".slr
1986
"pass".shd
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
The next radiometric enhancement was applied in a two-part filtering process to remove the striped noise that can be found in side-scan sonar image in the across-track direction. The noise was removed by applying two separate boxcar filters: (1) a high-pass filter that will contain the high-frequency component of the image without the noise; and (2) a low-pass filter that will include the low-frequency component of the image without the noise.
"pass".shd
1986
"pass".hpf
"pass".lpf
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
The two filtered images were combined to recreate an image similar to the original but without the noise.
"pass".hpf
"pass".lpf
1986
"pass".wco
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
The second geometric correction, aspect-ratio distortion, was applied to the "passes". The aspect-ratio distortion was removed by using the navigation data to compute the distance traveled by the ship. Given the distance traveled, the number of pixels (each representing 50 m) required along the particular segment was calculated. The original pixels were then duplicated the appropriate number of times to fill the space with 50-meter pixels and thus achieve a 1:1 ratio between along-track and across-track distances. The practice of duplication to create a square 50-meter pixel size was followed so that information in the across-track direction would not have to be omitted.
"pass".wco
1986
"pass".vel
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
The final enhancement, a 2 by 2 low-pass filter for smoothing the images, was applied to the "passes". Because the delta velocity correction typically stretches the imagery 1:2.5 times, a 2 by 2 low-pass filter is applied to the image to smooth and reduce the blockiness that results from the line duplication. The 2 by 2 low-pass filter smoothes out the blockiness introduced into the image without over smoothing and blurring the image.
"pass".vel
1986
"pass".2b2
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
After the geometric and radiometric corrections were applied, the data were ready for the digital mosaicking. The necessary segments of processed data, each representing about 6-hours of data acquisition, were spliced end-to-end to make continuous swaths for portions of the tracklines where the ship's heading remained generally constant and passed through the mosaic area. The segments were tone-matched by adjusting the average brightness to minimize the tonal contrast at the seams where they were joined. Latitude, longitude, and heading were determined along the trackline of each continuous segment of data at the start, end, and two intermediate points. These four control points, with eight additional points that were computed for the edges of the image segment, were used to position the segment within the map grid.
"pass".2b2
1986
gmx_q09_line"n"
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
When the individual trackline segments had been georeferenced, the next step was to digitally stencil the segments to remove unwanted data (i.e. noise). Interactively, a line was drawn on a video display outlining the portion of each image segment to be retained while comparing it to adjacent segments. Then all pixels outside the area enclosed by the line were converted to zero values, thereby retaining only that portion of the image desired. Finally, each stenciled segment was mosaicked to adjacent segments, sequentially building the composite map. In this way a digital file was created with the desired map projection for each imagery sheet (mosaic).
gmx_q09_line"n"
1986
gmx_q09
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
A linear contrast stretch was applied to the image to increase the dynamic range of the data and enhance the image for viewing. Original digital values of 0 (no data) surrounding the mosaic data were changed to 127. These enhancements were applied to prepare the image for printing.
gmx_q09
1986
gmx_q09
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
The binary image files of the GLORIA mosaics were imported into a PCI database file allowing the images to be georeferenced. The image georeference report was saved for future reference.
gmx_q09.bin
20020624
gmx_q09.pix
gmx_q09-georep.txt
Valerie Paskevich
U.S. Geological Survey
Information Specialist / GIS Coordinator, retired
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
The GLORIA image was exported from the PCI database file to a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file.
gmx_q09.pix
20020624
gmx_q09.tif
gmx_q09.tfw
Valerie Paskevich
U.S. Geological Survey
Information Specialist / GIS Coordinator, retired
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
The image was modified to flood-fill the background 127 (grey) data value to 255 (white). After modification, the header portion of the image was updated to restore the georeferencing information.
gmx_q09.tif
gmx_q09.tfw
20020624
gmx_q09.tif
gmx_q09.tfw
Valerie Paskevich
U.S. Geological Survey
Information Specialist / GIS Coordinator, retired
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog.
20170105
U.S. Geological Survey
Alan O. Allwardt
Contractor -- Information Specialist
mailing and physical address
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-460-7551
831-427-4748
aallwardt@usgs.gov
Added keywords from Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) to metadata.
20180426
U.S. Geological Survey
Alan O. Allwardt
Contractor -- Information Specialist
mailing and physical address
2885 Mission Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
831-460-7551
831-427-4748
aallwardt@usgs.gov
Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.46 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Added a landing page link as the first link in the identification section. Fixed the date format in the time period of content. Removed LIDAR bounding coordinates - an artifact of Esri and MP processing. Attempted to modify http to https where appropriate. Added a cross-reference online link. The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent.
20180503
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata.
20191118
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
20200908
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Raster
Pixel
4381
4180
1
Albers Conical Equal Area
29.500000
45.500000
-95.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
row and column
50.000000
50.000000
meters
North American Datum of 1927
Clarke 1866
6378206.400000
294.978698
There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255). Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values), and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). These data have been radiometrically enhanced for better viewing.
U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
Downloadable Data
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
TIFF
Not available from original metadata
GeoTIFF
A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, world file, browse graphics and metadata files.
zip archive
7.60
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/gloria_data/gomex/gmx_q09.zip
Data are available for download on the World Wide Web (WWW).
DVD-ROM
4.75
Gbytes
UDF
None
The sidescan-sonar mosaic is available as a GeoTIFF image with accompanying world file and georeference report. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. If the georeferencing information cannot be imported, the user may wish to obtain the georeference information contained in a separate file included in the zip file.
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
345 Middlefield Road MS 999
Menlo Park
CA
94025
USA
(650) 329-5078
(650) 329-5190
Downloadable Data
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
TIFF
Not available from original metadata
GeoTIFF
A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, world file, browse graphics and metadata files.
zip archive
7.60
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/gloria_data/gomex/gmx_q09.zip
Data are available for download on the World Wide Web (WWW).
DVD-ROM
4.75
Gbytes
UDF
None
The sidescan-sonar mosaic is available as a GeoTIFF image with accompanying world file and georeference report. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. If the georeferencing information cannot be imported, the user may wish to obtain the georeference information contained in a separate file included in the zip file.
20211111
U.S. Geological Survey
Valerie Paskevich
Information Specialist / GIS Coordinator, retired
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700
(508) 457-2310
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
local time
None
None