Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2011 Title: HW3_Q57.TIF - Hawaii III - Northwestern Hawaii U.S. EEZ GLORIA sidescan-sonar data mosaic (5 of 22) (LCC, 50 m, WGS84) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2010-1332 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Menlo Park, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101332 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/htmldocs/hw3/hw3_indexmap.html Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/gloria_data/hawaii3/hw3_q57.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Valerie F. Paskevich Originator: Florence L. Wong Originator: John J. O'Malley Originator: Andrew J. Stevenson Originator: Christina E. Gutmacher Publication_Date: 2011 Title: GLORIA Sidescan-Sonar Imagery for Parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and Adjacent Areas Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2010-1332 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/ Description: Abstract: In 1984, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Office of Marine Geology, launched a program using the Geological LOng-Range Inclined Asdic (GLORIA) sidescan-sonar system to study the entire U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). From 1989 through 1991, the USGS and IOS (Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, U.K.) scientists conducted several surveys within the EEZ off Hawaii. Six surveys during that time period focused on the northwestern Hawaii region. The results of these surveys were 22 digital mosaics of approximately of approximately a 2 degree by 2 degree area with a 50-meter pixel resolution. Purpose: This remote sensing image of the seafloor is 5 of 22 mosaics created from the Hawaii III - Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge U.S. EEZ GLORIA sidescan-sonar data. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19891128 Ending_Date: 19911029 Currentness_Reference: ground condition with the following date ranges: 19891128 to 19891221, 19900103 to 19900128, 19900129 to 19900222, 19910424 to 19910519, 19910521 to 19910615, and 19910927 to 19911029 Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -175.044508 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -172.924934 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 23.051605 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.947486 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:35b6d997-31c4-47f2-9f0f-40b610643c72 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Western Coastal and Marine Geology Theme_Keyword: WCMG Theme_Keyword: Geological LOng-Range Inclined Asdic Theme_Keyword: GLORIA Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF image Theme_Keyword: grey scale image Theme_Keyword: backscatter Theme_Keyword: acoustic reflectivity Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: sidescan-sonar mosaic Theme_Keyword: Exclusive Economic Zone Theme_Keyword: EEZ Theme_Keyword: field activity number F-13-89-HW Theme_Keyword: field activity number F-1-90-HW Theme_Keyword: field activity number F-2-90-HW Theme_Keyword: field activity number F-5-91-CP Theme_Keyword: field activity number F-6-91-CP Theme_Keyword: field activity number F-10-91-HW Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keywords, Version 6.0.0.0.0 Theme_Keyword: Oceans > Ocean Acoustics > Acoustic Reflectivity Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords Theme_Keyword: ACOUSTIC RECEIVERS Theme_Keyword: GLORIA > Geological Long-Range Inclined ASDIC Theme_Keyword: SIDE-SCAN SONAR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: distributions Theme_Keyword: physical habitats and geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords Theme_Keyword: seabed Theme_Keyword: Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Theme_Keyword: sidescan sonar Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: sidescan sonar Theme_Keyword: image mosaics Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics Theme_Keyword: sea-floor acoustic reflectivity Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Theme_Keyword: Marine Oceanic Theme_Keyword: Marine Basin Floor Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Hawaii Place_Keyword: Hawaiian Islands Place_Keyword: Hawaiian-Emperor Chain Place_Keyword: Hawaiian Ridge Place_Keyword: Central Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: Lisianski Island Place_Keyword: Kure Island Place_Keyword: Midway Islands Place_Keyword: Neva Shoal Place_Keyword: Pearl and Hermes Shelf Place_Keyword: Nero Seamount Place_Keyword: Pioneer Bank Place_Keyword: Salmon Bank Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Place Keyword Place_Keyword: Ocean > Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: Oceans > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Place_Keyword: Hawaii Ecoregion Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Stratum_Keyword: Substrate Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Road MS 999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/gloria_data/hawaii3/browse/hw3_q57-thumb.gif Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Thumbnail image showing an overview of the U.S. EEZ Hawaii III - Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge GLORIA mosaic 57. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/gloria_data/hawaii3/browse/hw3_q57.gif Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Browse image showing an overview of the U.S. EEZ Hawaii III - Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge GLORIA mosaic 57. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Data_Set_Credit: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) must be referenced as the originator of the dataset in any future products or research derived from these data. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.0.0.535 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: P.S. Chavez Jr. Publication_Date: 1986 Title: Processing Techniques for Digital Sonar Images from GLORIA Series_Information: Series_Name: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing Issue_Identification: Vol. 52, No. 8, August 1986, p. 1133-1145 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Falls Church, VA 22046 Publisher: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: P.S. Chavez Jr. Publication_Date: 1984 Title: U.S. Geological Survey mini image processing system (MIPS) Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 84-880 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr84880 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable Completeness_Report: All available imagery were used to create this mosaic. Data were acquired during four cruises using the 6.5 kHz GLORIA sidescan-sonar system and a 45-km total swath width. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Primary navigational control for this survey was by Loran-C supplemented by satellite navigation. Accuracy of location of the navigation fixes is estimated to be better than 100 meters. The positional accuracy of features in the image mosaics was affected by the digital production of the mosaics. However, we believe that the accuracy of the technique is within the accuracy of the navigation data. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: unknown Title: Not available from original metadata file Type_of_Source_Media: digital tape media Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19891128 Ending_Date: 19911029 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition with the following date ranges: 19891128 to 19891221, 19900103 to 19900128, 19900129 to 19900222, 19910424 to 19910519, 19910521 to 19910615, and 19910927 to 19911029 Source_Citation_Abbreviation: GLORIA pass data Source_Contribution: GLORIA data were logged to magnetic tape in 6-hour portions referred to as "passes". Each completed pass contained a maximum 720 "lines" of data at the usual 30-second pulse repetition rate. Each line consisted of a 1024 byte record that contained the port and starboard returns from a single ping as well as header information. These "passes" contained geometric and radiometric distortions which had to be corrected before they could be digitally mosaicked. Process_Step: Process_Description: The GLORIA "passes" necessary to complete the mosaic were retrieved from magnetic tape. Navigation data were merged into the individual "passes" to update the header information with depth and location coordinates. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: GLORIA pass data Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".mrg Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Road MS 999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Process_Step: Process_Description: Slant-Range correction, the first of two geometric corrections, were applied to the "passes". Slant-range error is mislocation of pixels in the cross-track direction compared to their proper location on a map. This error occurs due to the way that the sidescan-sonar senses distance to a target. After the slant-range correction has been made, the across-track location of targets is accurate. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".mrg Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".slr Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Road MS 999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Process_Step: Process_Description: A series of radiometric corrections were then applied to the "passes". The first enhancement was used to correct for shading problems that occur in the across-track direction and are a function of attenuation in range distance and transmitter power build-up. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".slr Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".shd Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Road MS 999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Process_Step: Process_Description: The next radiometric enhancement was applied in a two-part filtering process to remove the striped noise that can be found in side-scan sonar image in the across-track direction. The noise was removed by applying two separate boxcar filters: (1) a high-pass filter that will contain the high-frequency component of the image without the noise; and (2) a low-pass filter that will include the low-frequency component of the image without the noise. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".shd Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".hpf Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".lpf Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Road MS 999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Process_Step: Process_Description: The two filtered images were combined to recreate an image similar to the original but without the noise. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".lpf Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".hpf Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".wco Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Road MS 999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Process_Step: Process_Description: The second geometric correction, aspect-ratio distortion, was applied to the "passes". The aspect-ratio distortion was removed by using the navigation data to compute the distance traveled by the ship. Given the distance traveled, the number of pixels (each representing 50 m) required along the particular segment was calculated. The original pixels were then duplicated the appropriate number of times to fill the space with 50-meter pixels and thus achieve a 1:1 ratio between along-track and across-track distances. The practice of duplication to create a square 50-meter pixel size was followed so that information in the across-track direction would not have to be omitted. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".wco Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".vel Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Road MS 999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Process_Step: Process_Description: A third radiometric enhancement, a 2 by 2 low-pass filter for smoothing the images, was applied to the "passes". Because the delta velocity correction typically stretches the imagery 1:2.5 times, a 2 by 2 low-pass filter is applied to the image to smooth and reduce the blockiness that results from the line duplication. The 2 by 2 low-pass filter smoothes out the blockiness introduced into the image without over smoothing and blurring the image. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".vel Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".2b2 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Road MS 999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Process_Step: Process_Description: A final radiometric enhancement was applied to the image to reduce the halo effect that occurs in the along-track direction near the nadir. This enhancement involved creating two separate images from the input image. The images were produced as a result of 151-line by 31- sample high-pass filter plus a 151-line by 401-sample low-pass filter. The two resultant images were then digitally combined to produce an image similar to the original but without the halo effect. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".2b2 Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".hal Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Road MS 999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Process_Step: Process_Description: After the geometric and radiometric corrections were applied, the data were ready for the digital mosaicking. The necessary segments of processed data, each representing about 6-hours of data acquisition, were spliced end-to-end to make continuous swaths for portions of the tracklines where the ship's heading remained generally constant and passed through the mosaic area. The segments were tone-matched by adjusting the average brightness to minimize the tonal contrast at the seams where they were joined. Latitude, longitude, and heading were determined along the trackline of each continuous segment of data at the start, end, and two intermediate points. These four control points, with eight additional points that were computed for the edges of the image segment, were used to position the segment within the map grid. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: "pass".hal Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: hw3_q57_line"n" Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Road MS 999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Process_Step: Process_Description: When the individual trackline segments had been georeferenced, the next step was to digitally stencil the segments to remove unwanted data (i.e. noise). Interactively, a line was drawn on a video display outlining the portion of each image segment to be retained while comparing it to adjacent segments. Then all pixels outside the area enclosed by the line were converted to zero values, thereby retaining only that portion of the image desired. Finally, each stenciled segment was mosaicked to adjacent segments, sequentially building the composite map. In this way a digital file was created with the desired map projection for each imagery sheet (mosaic). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: hw3_q57_line"n" Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h3q57.bin Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Road MS 999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Process_Step: Process_Description: The completed mosaic, in a raw binary format, was converted to an ArcInfo BIL format file. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h3q57.bin Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h3q57.bil Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Road MS 999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5055 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Process_Step: Process_Description: The binary image files of the GLORIA mosaics were imported into an ArcMap map allowing the images to be georeferenced. ArcGIS 9.2 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h3q57.bil Process_Date: 20071002 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h3q57.bil Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: John O'Malley Contact_Position: GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2340 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jomalley@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The GLORIA image was exported from the bil file format to a GeoTIFF image file format. ArcGIS 9.2 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h3q57.bil Process_Date: 20071002 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: hw3_q57.tif Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: John O'Malley Contact_Position: GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2340 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jomalley@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The image was modified to flood-fill the background 0 (black) data value to 255 (white). After modification, the header portion of the image was updated to restore the georeferencing information. An ESRI world file was generated using GeoTIFF tools, listgeo.exe. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: hw3_q57.tif Process_Date: 20071002 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: hw3_q57.tif Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: hw3_q57.tfw Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: John O'Malley Contact_Position: GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2340 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jomalley@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. Process_Date: 20170105 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Alan O. Allwardt Contact_Position: Contractor -- Information Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7551 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aallwardt@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords from Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) to metadata. Process_Date: 20180426 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Alan O. Allwardt Contact_Position: Contractor -- Information Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7551 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aallwardt@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.46 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Added a landing page link as the first link in the identification section. Fixed the date format in the time period of content. Removed LIDAR bounding coordinates - an artifact of Esri and MP processing. Attempted to modify http to https where appropriate. Added a cross-reference online link. The source information was incomplete and had to be modified to meet the standard. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Process_Date: 20180507 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Process_Date: 20191118 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200908 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 4524 Column_Count: 4234 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Lambert Conformal Conic Lambert_Conformal_Conic: Standard_Parallel: 18.000000 Standard_Parallel: 29.000000 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -178.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 0.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 50.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 50.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Image pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255). Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values), and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). These data have NOT been radiometrically enhanced. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Road MS 999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-5078 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-5190 Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: Not available from original metadata Format_Specification: GeoTIFF Format_Information_Content: A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, world file, browse graphics and metadata files. File_Decompression_Technique: zip archive Transfer_Size: 3.02 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/gloria_data/hawaii3/hw3_q57.zip Access_Instructions: Data are available for download on the World Wide Web (WWW). Offline_Option: Offline_Media: DVD-ROM Recording_Capacity: Recording_Density: 4.75 Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes Recording_Format: UDF Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: The sidescan-sonar mosaic is available as a GEOTIFF image with accompanying world file and georeference report. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GEOTIFF image. If the georeferencing information cannot be imported, the user may wish to view the georeference information contained in a separate file included in the zip file. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: Not available from original metadata Format_Specification: GeoTIFF Format_Information_Content: A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, world file, browse graphics and metadata files. File_Decompression_Technique: zip archive Transfer_Size: 3.02 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/gloria_data/hawaii3/hw3_q57.zip Access_Instructions: Data are available for download on the World Wide Web (WWW). Offline_Option: Offline_Media: DVD-ROM Recording_Capacity: Recording_Density: 4.75 Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes Recording_Format: UDF Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: The sidescan-sonar mosaic is available as a GeoTIFF image with accompanying world file and georeference report. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. If the georeferencing information cannot be imported, the user may wish to view the georeference information contained in a separate file included in the zip file. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20211116 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Valerie Paskevich Contact_Position: Information Specialist / GIS Coordinator, retired Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid. Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None