MauiK_ST - Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.2 transects with short-term weighted linear regression rate calculations for the Maui Kihei region from Maalaea to Makena, Hawaii.

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
MauiK_ST - Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.2 transects with short-term weighted linear regression rate calculations for the Maui Kihei region from Maalaea to Makena, Hawaii.
Abstract:
Sandy ocean beaches are a popular recreational destination, often surrounded by communities containing valuable real estate. Development is on the rise despite the fact that coastal infrastructure is subjected to flooding and erosion. As a result, there is an increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes. To meet these national needs, the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is compiling existing reliable historical shoreline data along open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Alaska and Hawaii under the National Assessment of Shoreline Change project.
There is no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing shoreline data measurements and rate calculation methods vary from study to study and prevent combining results into state-wide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment project was to develop a standardized method of measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner.
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group, 2011, MauiK_ST - Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.2 transects with short-term weighted linear regression rate calculations for the Maui Kihei region from Maalaea to Makena, Hawaii.: Open-File Report 2011-1009, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Romine, Bradley M., Fletcher, Charles H., Genz, Ayesha S., Barbee, Matthew M., Dyer, Matthew, Anderson, Tiffany R., Lim, S. Chyn, Vitousek, Sean, Bochicchio, Christopher, and Richmond, Bruce, 2011, National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Change Data for the Sandy Shorelines of Kauai, Oahu, and Maui; Hawaii: Open-File Report 2011-1009, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.522417
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.438804
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.798879
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.625642
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Calendar_Date: 2011
    Currentness_Reference:
    publication date
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Vector data set. It contains the following vector data types (SDTS terminology):
      • String (1011)
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    MauiK_ST
    Transects are generated outside of DSAS at a 90 degree angle to the user-specified baseline and imported to DSAS. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    FID
    Internal feature number. (Source: ESRI) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    SHAPE
    Feature geometry. (Source: ESRI) Coordinates defining the features.
    BaselineID
    Unique identification number of the baseline segment. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:unlimited
    Group
    Values in this field are based on input by user for grouping transects (=0, if no grouping). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Information unavailable from original metadata.
    TransOrder
    Ordering of transects along the baseline. Used to allow user to sort transect data along the baseline from baseline start to baseline end. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:unlimited
    StartX
    X coordinate of the beginning of the transect in meter units (UTM zone 4N, NAD 83). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Values based on data set extent.
    StartY
    Y coordinate of the beginning of the transect in meter units (UTM zone 4N, NAD 83). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Values based on data set extent.
    EndX
    X coordinate of the end of the transect in meter units (UTM zone 4N, NAD 83). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Values based on data set extent.
    EndY
    Y coordinate of the end of the transect in meter units (UTM zone 4N, NAD 83). (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Values based on data set extent.
    Azimuth
    Azimuth of the transect measure in degrees clockwise from North. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Information unavailable from original metadata.
    SHAPE_Leng
    Length of feature in meter units (UTM zone 4N, NAD 83). (Source: ESRI)
    Range of values
    Minimum:249.999996
    Maximum:250.000004
    WLR
    Short-term weighted least squares (WLR) shoreline change rate in meters per year. A negative value indicates beach erosion (shoreline recession) and a positive value indicates beach accretion (shoreline progradation). In a weighted linear regression, more reliable data are given greater emphasis or weight towards determining a best-fit line. The uncertainty field ("accuracy") of the shoreline feature class is used to calculate the weight. The weight is equal to the inverse of the shoreline uncertainty squared. Therefore, when fitting a trend line, greater emphasis is placed on data points for which the positional uncertainty is smaller. Rates were calculated only at transects with 3 or more historical shoreline intersects (shoreline threshold=3). Transects with less than 3 shoreline intersects were given a null value of -9999. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Transects with less than 3 shoreline intersects were given a WLR 'null' value of -9999.
    WCI95
    95% confidence interval of WLR shoreline change rate in meters per year. The standard error of the slope with confidence interval describes the uncertainty of the reported rate. The confidence interval is calculated by multiplying the standard error of the slope of the WLR (meters/year) by the two-tailed test statistic at the specified confidence percentage (95). For example, if the reported WLR is 1.34 m/year and the 95 percent confidence interval (WCI95) is 0.5 then you can be 95 percent confident that the true rate of change is 1.34 m +- 0.5 meters/year. Rates and uncertainties were calculated only at transects with 3 or more historical shoreline intersects (shoreline threshold=3). Transects with less than 3 shoreline intersects were given a 'null' value of -9999. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey) Transects with less than 3 shoreline intersects were given a WCI95 'null' value of -9999.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    All calculations for length are in meter units and were based on the UTM zone 4N NAD83 projection.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group
    Attn: Dr. Charles H. Fletcher
    professor
    University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group
    Honolulu, HI
    USA

    808-956-9513 (voice)
    808-956-5512 (FAX)
    fletcher@soest.hawaii.edu

Why was the data set created?

This dataset consists of short-term (1949-2007) shoreline change rates for the Maui Kihei region from Maalaea to Makena. Rate calculations were computed within a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.2, an ArcGIS extension developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Short-term rates of shoreline change were calculated using a weighted linear regression rate based on all available shoreline data between 1949 and 2007. A reference baseline was used as the originating point for the orthogonal transects imported into the DSAS software. The transects intersect each shoreline establishing measurement points, which are then used to calculate short-term rates.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 05-Nov-2010 (process 1 of 10)
    Transect features were generated outside of DSAS and imported to DSAS v4.2 in ArcMap v9.3 for calculation of short-term shoreline change rates for the region. Transects are roughly perpendicular to the historical shorelines and spaced roughly 20 meters along the shore. Please see the DSAS help file distributed with the DSAS software, or visit the USGS website at: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20081278. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person: Bradley Romine. Person who carried out this activity:
    Bradley M. Romine
    University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group
    graduate student, research assistant
    University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group
    Honolulu, HI
    USA

    808-956-3605 (voice)
    808-956-5512 (FAX)
    romine@hawaii.edu
    Date: 05-Nov-2010 (process 2 of 10)
    Rate Calculations Performed in DSAS v4.2 using ArcMap v9.3 on selected shoreline features, only (shorelines from 1949 to 2007). Parameters Used: shoreline layer=MauiK_shorelines, shoreline date field=DATE_, shoreline uncertainty field name=ACCURACY, the default accuracy=0 (accuracy values provided for all shorelines), shoreline intersection parameters=closest intersection, stats calculations=[weighted linear regression (WLR)], shoreline threshold=3, confidence interval=95%, Output rate table name=Kihei_transects_ST_rates_20101105_104750.
    Date: 05-Nov-2010 (process 3 of 10)
    Shoreline rates table (Kihei_transects_ST_rates_20101105_104750.dbf) was joined to the transect feature class inwith ArcToolbox > Data Management Tools > Joins > Join Field. Parameters: input dataset: the transect feature class; join field - TransOrder; table to join - Kihei_transects_ST_rates_20101105_104750; field in table: TransectID. This method permanently adds the selected attributes to the transect feature class.
    Date: 05-Nov-2010 (process 4 of 10)
    The joined transect feature class was exported to a shapefile in ArcMap v9.3 by right-clicking the transect layer > data > export data.
    Date: 13-Jul-2011 (process 5 of 10)
    The exported transect shapefile was projected in ESRI's ArcToolbox (v.9.3) > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Feature > Project. Parameters: input projection - UTM zone 4N (NAD 83); output projection - geographic coordinates (WGS84); transformation - NAD_1983_To_WGS_1984_3 (Hawaii).
    Date: 23-Aug-2017 (process 6 of 10)
    Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Alan O. Allwardt
    Contractor -- Information Specialist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7551 (voice)
    831-427-4748 (FAX)
    aallwardt@usgs.gov
    Date: 26-Apr-2018 (process 7 of 10)
    Added keywords from Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) to metadata. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Alan O. Allwardt
    Contractor -- Information Specialist
    2885 Mission Street
    Santa Cruz, CA

    831-460-7551 (voice)
    831-427-4748 (FAX)
    aallwardt@usgs.gov
    Date: 15-May-2018 (process 8 of 10)
    Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.46 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Added a data landing page link as the first link in the identification section. Removed LIDAR bounding coordinates - an artifact of Esri and MP processing. Minor fixes to attribute information. The distribution format name was modified in an attempt to be more consistent with other metadata files of the same data format. Added additional information to a cross-reference and fixed the online link. Attempted to modify http to https where appropriate. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 18-Nov-2019 (process 9 of 10)
    Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 08-Sep-2020 (process 10 of 10)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Thieler, E.R., Himmelstoss, E.A., Zichichi, J.L., and Ergul, A., 2009, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0: an ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change: Open-File Report 2008-1278, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: Current version is 4.2.
    Fletcher, Charles H., Romine, Bradley M., Genz, Ayesha S., Barbee, Matthew M., Dyer, Matthew, Anderson, Tiffany R., Lim, S. Chyn, Vitousek, Sean, Bochicchio, Christopher, and Richmond, Bruce, 2011, National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change in the Hawaiian Islands: Open-File Report 2011-1051, U.S. Geological Survey, Resotn, VA.

    Online Links:

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    The attributes in this layer are based on the field requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software (USGS Open-File Report 2008-1278). Transects were constructed manually outside of DSAS and imported into DSAS for calculation of shoreline change rates by the software. The data have been quality checked for intended location and shoreline intersection.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    This dataset contains the transects imported to the DSAS software application that were used to calculate short-term shoreline change rates for the region.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    These data were constructed outside of DSAS and imported to DSAS v4.2, an automated software program which does not perform checks for fidelity of the input features. The transects were visually inspected and sometimes manually adjusted within a standard ArcMap edit session to adjust the position at which an individual transect intersected the shorelines.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints none
Use_Constraints Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group as the originator of the dataset.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable data.
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.
    Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
    • Availability in digital form:
      Data format: This WinZip file contains a shapefile of transects generated by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System including short-term rate calculations for the Maui Kihei region from Maalaea to Makena. in format Shapefile (version ArcGIS 9.3) ESRI polyline shapefile Size: 0.5
      Network links: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1009/data/Maui/MauiK/MauiK_ST.zip
    • Cost to order the data: None

  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    This zip file contains data available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) polyline shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from ESRI at www.esri.com.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 18-Mar-2024
Metadata author:
Bradley M. Romine
University of Hawaii Coastal Geology
graduate student, research assistant
University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group
Honolulu, HI
USA

808-956-3605 (voice)
808-956-5512 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318)
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/open_file_report/ofr2011-1009/MauiK_ST.shp.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.51 on Mon Mar 25 16:05:33 2024