Color Shaded-Relief GeoTIFF Image Showing the Combined 2-m and Interpolated 10-m Bathymetry Generated from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Survey H12013 Off the Entrance to the Connecticut River in Northeastern Long Island Sound (H12013_INT2M_GEO.TIF, Geographic, WGS84)

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
Color Shaded-Relief GeoTIFF Image Showing the Combined 2-m and Interpolated 10-m Bathymetry Generated from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Survey H12013 Off the Entrance to the Connecticut River in Northeastern Long Island Sound (H12013_INT2M_GEO.TIF, Geographic, WGS84)
Abstract:
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (CT DEEP), is producing detailed geologic maps of the coastal sea floor. Bathymetry and sidescan-sonar imagery, originally collected by NOAA for charting purposes, provide a fundamental framework for research and management activities in Long Island Sound, shows the composition and terrain of the seabed, and provides information on sediment transport and benthic habitat. During April-May 2009 NOAA completed hydrographic survey H12013 offshore of the entrance to the Connecticut River, and during November 2009 and April 2010 bottom photographs and surficial sediment data were acquired as part of two ground-truth reconnaissance surveys of this area. Two interpretive data layers were derived from the multibeam echo-sounder and the ground-truth data used to verify them. For more information on the ground-truth surveys see: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2009-059-FA and http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2010-010-FA
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. Geological Survey, 2013, Color Shaded-Relief GeoTIFF Image Showing the Combined 2-m and Interpolated 10-m Bathymetry Generated from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Survey H12013 Off the Entrance to the Connecticut River in Northeastern Long Island Sound (H12013_INT2M_GEO.TIF, Geographic, WGS84): Open-File Report 2012-1103, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

    Online Links:

    This is part of the following larger work.

    Poppe, L.J., McMullen, K.Y., Ackerman, S.D., Guberski, M.R., and Wood, D.A., 2013, Sea-floor character and geology off the entrance to the Connecticut River, northeastern Long Island Sound: Open-File Report 2012-1103, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 1 DVD-ROM
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.345648
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.236466
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.302827
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.227158
  3. What does it look like?
    http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1103/data/bathy/geotifs/geo_interp/h12013_int2m_geo.gif (GIF)
    Thumbnail image showing hill-shaded GeoTIFF image of the interpolated multibeam bathymetry generated during NOAA survey H12013 off the entrance to the Connecticut River in northeastern Long Island Sound in a geographic WGS84 coordinate system.
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 19-Apr-2009
    Ending_Date: 17-May-2009
    Currentness_Reference:
    ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:
      • Dimensions 4065 x 4450 x 1, type Pixel
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000019. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000025. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees. The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    A color-encoded hill-shaded GeoTIFF of the combined 2-m and interpolated 10-m multibeam bathymetry generated during NOAA survey H12013 off the entrance to the Connecticut River in northeastern Long Island Sound in a geographic WGS84 coordinate system. A continuous-coverage perspective is generated by superimposing a 2-m grid over a 10-m interpolated grid, subtracting the areas of overlap from the 10-m interpolated grid, and combining these two datasets so that the gaps in the 2-m grid are filled in by 10-m interpolated data. While there are no attributes associated with the color-encoded hill-shaded GeoTIFF image, pixel values convey RGB values of individual cells. Warmer colors (e.g. red) are shallower depths; cooler colors (e.g. purple) are deeper. Anomalies present in this dataset (i.e. areas of decreased vertical resolution and accuracy) are a product of the interpolation.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
    • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    • U.S. Geological Survey
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Larry Poppe
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2314 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    lpoppe@usgs.gov

Why was the data set created?

To release a hill-shaded GeoTIFF of the combined 2-m and interpolated 10-m multibeam bathymetry generated during NOAA survey H12013 off the entrance to the Connecticut River in northeastern Long Island Sound in a geographic WGS84 coordinate system.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
    Information unavailable from original metadata. (source 1 of 1)
    National Ocean Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Unpublished Material, H12013 bathymetry.

    Type_of_Source_Media: disc
    Source_Contribution: Original processed multibeam bathymetric data.
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: 2009 (process 1 of 11)
    Two 8.5-m aluminum Jensen launches and the NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson were used to acquire the multibeam echosounder (MBES) bathymetric data for survey H12013 during April-May 2009 off the entrance to the Connecticut River, northeastern Long Island Sound. The MBES data on launch 3101 were collected with a hull-mounted RESON SeaBat 455-kHz 8125 shallow-water system. This system measures two-way sound travel time across a 120-degree swath. The SeaBat 8125 has 240 beams with a cross-track beam width of 0.5 degrees at nadir. The MBES data were collected aboard the ship and launch 3102 with RESON 7125 systems which measured two-way sound travel time across a 140-degree swath. Original horizontal resolution of the MBES data was 0.5 m for depths less than 20 m and 1 m for the deeper areas. Vertical resolution of the MBES data is about 0.5% of the water depth. The bathymetric data were acquired and logged with HYPACK Hysweep and processed by NOAA using CARIS HIPS (Hydrographic Image Processing System) software for quality control, to incorporate sound velocity and tidal corrections, and to produce the continuous digital terrain model. All positioning and attitude were determined with Trimble DSM212L DGPS receivers and Applanix POS/MV Model 320 v.4 inertial navigation systems; HYPACK 2009 was used for acquisition line navigation. Sound velocity corrections were derived using frequent SEACAT CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) profiles. Typically, a CTD cast was conducted every three to four hours of MBES acquisition. Tidal zone corrections were calculated from the tide stations at New London and New Haven, Connecticut. Vertical datum is mean lower low water. Individuals interested in detail descriptions of the MBES acquisition and processing should consult the Descriptive and Data Acquisition and Processing reports. The combined data were gridded to 2-m resolution and saved as a CARIS HIPS/SIPS v6.1 SP2 database in UTM Zone 18, NAD83. Person who carried out this activity:
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    Attn: Jasper Schaer
    Field Operations Officer
    439 West York Street
    Norfolk, VA
    USA

    757-441-6746 (voice)
    jasper.schaer@noaa.gov
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • H12013 CARIS HIPS database
    Date: 2012 (process 2 of 11)
    Opened the 2-m fieldsheet provided by NOAA NOS (H12013_Mosaic_Complete.fsh) and a new fieldsheet H12013_sda.fsh. Ran the "Combine base surface" process to create a 10m resolution base surface (10m_combined.csar) from the 2m base surface H12013_2mCombined.csar. Ran 1 iteration of interpolation on the 10m base surface to fill the gaps and create a 100% coverage base surface (10m_combined_Interp.csar). Exported to Bathymetric Attributed Grid (BAG) file (10m_combined_Interp.bag) Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    GIS Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • H12013 CARIS HIPS database
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • 10m_combined_Interp.bag
    Date: 2012 (process 3 of 11)
    Imported the BAG file (10m_combined_Interp.bag) to an IVS Fledermaus SD file (10m_combined_Interp.sd) using DMagic v.7.2. Imported SD files H12013_2m_combined.sd (created while producing the 2-m UTM grid released elsewhere in this report) and 10m_combined_Interp.sd into DMagic v.6.7 (this version used because of a bug in current version whereby the surfacemerge process is broken) and created DTM files (H12013_2m_combined.dtm and 10m_combined_Interp.dtm) Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    GIS Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • 10m_combined_Interp.bag
    • H12013_2m_combined.sd
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • 10m_combined_Interp.sd
    • H12013_2m_combined.asc
    • H12013_2m_combined.dtm
    • 10m_combined_Interp.dtm
    Date: 2012 (process 4 of 11)
    Ran the process dtmmerge to combine the DTM files (H12013_2m_combined.dtm and 10m_combined_Interp.dtm), creating the DTM file outtemp67.dtm using the IVS v.6.7 FMCommand: (dtmmerge -in H12013_2m_combined.dtm 10m_combined_Interp.dtm -out outtemp67.dtm -cellsize 2 -mode highres) This was done to create a merged DTM that would essentially preserve the 2 meter resolution where it exists, and fill the gaps with data from the interpolated 10 meter grid. The input order doesn't matter because the command specified "-mode highres" which gives priority to the higher resolution input dataset. Using IVS Fledermaus DMagic v.7.2, imported output of the dtmmerge process (outtemp67.dtm) to a SD file (outtemp67.sd). This is done to convert the new merged DTM into an SD file, so that it could be then converted to an ArcView grid. Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    GIS Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Raod
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • H12013_2m_combined.dtm
    • 10m_combined_Interp.dtm
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • outtemp67.dtm
    • outtemp67.sd
    Date: 2012 (process 5 of 11)
    Opened IVS SD file outtemp67.sd and exported GeoTIFF image h12013_int2m_utm18.tif (DTM Tools - Export Surface as Image) using IVS Fledermaus v.7.2. Using IVS Fledermaus DMagic v7.2, opened the image UTM_2m_interp.tif to edit image to reproject to a geographic WGS84 coordinate system, remove transparency channel, apply hill-shading, and save as h12013_int2m_geo.tif. Sun illumination was from the northeast at 45 degrees above the horizon. Vertical exaggeration is 5x. Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    GIS Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • outtemp67.sd
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • h12013_int2m_utm.tif
    • h12013_int2m_geo.tif
    Date: 2012 (process 6 of 11)
    Using Mentor Software GeoTIFF Examiner (no version), created TIFF world file (h12013_int2m_utm18.tfw) from the GeoTIFF image that was created in the previous step. Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    GIS Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • h12013_int2m_geo.tif
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • h12013_int2m_geo.tfw
    Date: 2012 (process 7 of 11)
    Using Adobe Photoshop CS4, replaced the black background with a white background where there was no data. Used Mentor Software GeoTIFF Examiner to restore the georeferencing information in the GeoTIFF. Person who carried out this activity:
    Seth Ackerman
    U.S. Geological Survey
    GIS Specialist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    sackerman@usgs.gov
    Data sources used in this process:
    • h12013_int2m_geo.tif
    • h12013_int2m_geo.tfw
    Data sources produced in this process:
    • h12013_int2m_geo.tif
    • h12013_int2m_geo.tfw
    Date: 08-Apr-2016 (process 8 of 11)
    Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.32 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Both geographic and a planar coordinate system were present, the planar one was removed. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Rd.
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 20-Jul-2018 (process 9 of 11)
    USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 18-Nov-2019 (process 10 of 11)
    Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
    Date: 08-Sep-2020 (process 11 of 11)
    Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Person who carried out this activity:
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: VeeAnn A. Cross
    Marine Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA

    508-548-8700 x2251 (voice)
    508-457-2310 (FAX)
    vatnipp@usgs.gov
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
    Schattgen, P. Tod, 2008, H12013: Descriptive Report H12013, National Ocean Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Hydrographic Branch, Norfolk, VA.

    Online Links:

    Poppe, L.J., DiGiacomo-Cohen, M.L., Doran, E.F., Smith, S.M., Stewart, H.F., and Forfinski, N.A., 2007, Geologic interpretation and multibeam bathymetry of the sea floor in the vicinity of the Race, eastern Long Island Sound: Open-File Report 2007-1012, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Poppe, L.J., Denny, J.F., Williams, S.J., Moser, M.S., Forfinski, N.A., Stewart, H.F., and Doran, E.F., 2007, The geology of Six Mile Reef, eastern Long Island Sound: Open-File Report 2007-1191, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L.J., Danforth, W.W., Blackwood, D.S., Schaer, J.D., Ostapenko, A.J., Glomb, K.A., and Doran, E.F., 2010, Surficial geology of the sea floor in Long Island Sound offshore of Plum Island, New York: Open-File Report 2010-1005, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Poppe, L.J., McMullen, K.Y., Ackerman, D.S., Blackwood, D.S., Irwin, B.J., Schaer, J.D., Lewit, P.G., and Doran, E.F., 2010, Sea-floor Geology and Character Offshore of Rocky Point, New York: Open-File Report 2010-1007, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 1 DVD-ROM
    McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L.J., Danforth, W.W., Blackwood, D.S., Schaer, J.D., Guberski, M.R., Wood, D.A., and Doran, E.F., 2011, Surficial geology of the sea floor in Long Island Sound offshore of Orient Point, New York: Open-File Report 2010-1100, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 1 DVD-ROM
    Poppe, L.J., McMullen, K.Y., Ackerman, S.D., Blackwood, D.S., Schaer, J.D., Forrest, M.R., Ostapenko, A.J., and Doran, E.F., 2011, Sea-Floor Geology and Topography Offshore in Eastern Long Island Sound: Open-File Report 2010-1150, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 1 DVD-ROM
    McMullen, K.Y., Poppe, L.J., Danforth, W.W., Blackwood, D.S., Schaer, J.D., Glomb, K.A., and Doran, E.F., 2012, Sea-floor geology of Long Island Sound north of Duck Pond Point, New York: Open-File Report 2011-1149, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

    Online Links:

    Other_Citation_Details: 1 DVD-ROM

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    Horizontal positions of the ship and launches acquiring multibeam bathymetry were determined with Trimble DSM212L DGPS receivers. Best expected position accuracy of the surface vessels with the Trimble system less than 1 meter.
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    The vertical accuracy of the original bathymetry data is approximately 0.5% of the water depth, however, this accuracy is somewhat less in areas where the bathymetry data is interpolated. While there are no attributes associated with the color-encoded hill-shaded GeoTIFF image, pixel values convey RGB values of individual cells. Warmer colors (e.g. red) are shallower depths; cooler colors (e.g. purple) are deeper.
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    All collected data were processed and used to produce this dataset.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    No additional checks for consistency were performed on this data.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Data are not to be used for navigation purposes. Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the originators of this information.
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    U.S. Geological Survey
    Attn: Larry Poppe
    Geologist
    384 Woods Hole Road
    Woods Hole, MA
    USA

    (508) 548-8700 x2314 (voice)
    (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
    lpoppe@usgs.gov
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), nor the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (CT DEEP) nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS, NOAA, or the CT DEEP in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. The user must have software capable of uncompressing archived zip files, such as WinZip or Pkware.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 16-Nov-2021
Metadata author:
Larry Poppe
U.S. Geological Survey
Geologist
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole, MA
USA

(508) 548-8700 x2314 (voice)
(508) 457-2310 (FAX)
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
Contact_Instructions:
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid.
Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/whcmsc/open_file_report/ofr2012-1103/h12013_int2m_geo.tif.faq.html>
Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Tue Nov 16 10:06:46 2021