Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Uncertainty table for lidar-derived shorelines used when calculating rates in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System software for the Cape Cod region from Provincetown to the southern end of Monomoy Island, Massachusetts (OuterCapeCod_shorelines_uncertainty.dbf) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2012-1183 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121183 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/ Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/data/OuterCapeCod/OuterCapeCod_shorelines_uncertainty.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Theresa L. Smith Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: E. Robert Thieler Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the 2013 update Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2012-1183 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/ Description: Abstract: Due to continued coastal population growth and increased threats of erosion, current data on trends and rates of shoreline movement are required to inform shoreline and floodplain management. The Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management launched the Shoreline Change Project in 1989 to identify erosion-prone areas of the coast. In 2001, a 1994 shoreline was added to calculate both long- and short-term shoreline change rates at 40-meter intervals along ocean-facing sections of the Massachusetts coast. The Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, has compiled reliable historical shoreline data along open-facing sections of the Massachusetts coast under the Massachusetts Shoreline Change Mapping and Analysis Project 2013 Update. Two oceanfront shorelines for Massachusetts (approximately 1,800 km in total length) were (1) delineated using 2008/09 color aerial orthoimagery, and (2) extracted from topographic LIDAR datasets (2007) obtained from NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center. The new shorelines were integrated with existing Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management and USGS historical shoreline data in order to compute long- and short-term rates using the latest version of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). Purpose: This table includes both measurement and positional errors associated with the 2000 and 2007 lidar shorelines for the Outer Cape Cod region from Provincetown to the southern end of Monomoy Island, Massachusetts, a proxy-datum bias value that corrects for the unidirectional offset between the mean high water (MHW) elevation of the lidar and the high water line (HWL) shorelines, as well as a measurement uncertainty in the total water level. The table contains a common attribute with the M-values stored for the lidar shoreline data for each region of the the MA_shorelines.shp published within this report. These data are used in conjunction with the shoreline file to calculate rates of shoreline change. Rates of long-term and short-term shoreline change were generated in a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.3. DSAS uses a measurement baseline method to calculate rate-of-change statistics. Transects are cast from the reference baseline to intersect each shoreline, establishing measurement points used to calculate shoreline change rates. Supplemental_Information: Cross-referenced citations are applicable to the dataset as a whole. Additional citations are located within individual process steps that pertain specifically to the method described in that step. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2013 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.246315 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.925831 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.082530 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.540240 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:e5820e32-2d0a-4ac4-af0a-9af550b242ae Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: lidar uncertainty Theme_Keyword: proxy-datum bias Theme_Keyword: high water line offsets Theme_Keyword: high water line uncertainty Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Change Rate Theme_Keyword: Weighted Linear Regression Rate Theme_Keyword: Endpoint Rate Theme_Keyword: Digital Shoreline Analysis System Theme_Keyword: DSAS Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: Coastal Services Center Theme_Keyword: CSC Theme_Keyword: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Theme_Keyword: USACE Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Atlantic Coast Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: New England Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Cape Cod Place_Keyword: Provincetown Place_Keyword: Truro Place_Keyword: Chatham Place_Keyword: Monomoy Island Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: These data were automatically generated using the DSAS (version 4.3) software application and should only be used for purposes explicitly stated by the originating organization. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management as the originators of this dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Theresa Smith Contact_Position: Contract Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: theresasmith@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E.R. Thieler Originator: T.L. Smith Originator: Julia Knisel Originator: D.W. Sampson Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Massachusetts Shoreline Change Mapping and Analysis Project, 2013 Update Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2012-1189 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1189/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E.R. Thieler Originator: E.A. Himmelstoss Originator: J.L. Zichichi Originator: A. Ergul Publication_Date: 2009 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0: an ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2008-1278 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Current version is 4.3 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20081278 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E. Robert Thieler Originator: James F. O'Connell Originator: Courtney A. Schupp Publication_Date: 20010904 Title: The Massachusetts Shoreline Change Project: 1800s to 1994 Technical Report Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Administrative Report Online_Linkage: http://www.mass.gov/czm/hazards/pdf/sc_technical_report.pdf Online_Linkage: http://www.mass.gov/czm/hazards/shoreline_change/shorelinechangeproject.htm Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Emily Himmelstoss Originator: Meredith Kratzmann Originator: Cheryl Hapke Originator: E. Robert Thieler Publication_Date: 2010 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change: A GIS Compilation of Vector Shorelines and Associated Shoreline Change Data for the New England and Mid-Atlantic Coasts Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2010-1119 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1119/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Cheryl Hapke Originator: Emily Himmelstoss Originator: Meredith Kratzmann Originator: Jeffrey List Originator: E. Robert Thieler Publication_Date: 2010 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic Coasts Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2010-1118 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1118/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) Publication_Date: Unknown Title: 1996-2000 NOAA/USGS/NASA Airborne LiDAR Assessment of Coastal Erosion (ALACE) Project for the U.S. Coastline Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center (CSC) Other_Citation_Details: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: JALBTCX (Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise) Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) Publication_Date: 20110621 Title: 2007 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Topo/Bathy Lidar: Maine, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center (CSC) Other_Citation_Details: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The attributes in this table record positional and measurement uncertainties and datum offsets calculated during the process of extracting an operational mean high water shoreline from the lidar data as described in the process steps. The field names are based on the requirements for use within the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software (USGS Open-File Report 2008-1278). Logical_Consistency_Report: Each row contains data associated with an individual vertex point along the lidar shoreline in the Outer Cape Cod region of the MA_shorelines.shp. Completeness_Report: The table only contains data where a mean high water shoreline point could be extracted from the lidar. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The average lidar shoreline positional uncertainty for the 2000 and 2007 data is plus or minus 1.27 meters. Please visit the 'Estimation of Shoreline Position Uncertainty' section in the corresponding USGS Open-File Report associated with this data, "Massachusetts Shoreline Change Mapping and Analysis Project, 2013 Update" (https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1189) for a complete explanation of the measurement uncertainties associated with these shorelines. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: An operational Mean High Water (MHW) shoreline was extracted from each lidar survey (2000 and 2007) using a method similar to the one developed by Stockdon et al. (2002). Shorelines were extracted from cross-shore profiles which consist of bands of lidar data 2 m wide in the alongshore direction and spaced every 40 m along the coast. For each profile, the seaward sloping foreshore points were identified and a linear regression was fit through them. The regression was evaluated at the operational MHW elevation to yield the cross-shore position of the MHW shoreline. If the MHW elevation was obscured by water points, or if a data gap was present at MHW, the linear regression was simply extrapolated to the operational MHW elevation. A lidar positional uncertainty associated with this point was also computed. The horizontal offset between the datum-based lidar MHW shoreline and the proxy-based historical shorelines nearly always acts in one direction and the "bias" value was computed at each profile (Ruggiero and List, 2009). In addition an uncertainty associated with the bias was also computed, which can also be thought of as the uncertainty of the HWL shorelines due to water level fluctuations. Repeating this procedure at successive profiles generated a series of X,Y points that contain a lidar positional uncertainty, a bias, and a bias uncertainty value for the 2000 and 2007 survey. The values from 2000 and 2007 are averaged together to obtain a single positional uncertainty, bias and bias uncertainty value at each cross shore profile location. Ruggiero, P. and List, J.H., 2009. Improving Accuracy and Statistical Reliability of Shoreline Position and Change Rate Estimates. Journal of Coastal Research: v.25, n.5, pp.1069-1081. Stockdon, H.F., Sallenger, A.H., List, J.H., and Holman, R.A., 2002. Estimation of Shoreline Position and Change using Airborne Topographic Lidar Data: Journal of Coastal Research, v.18, n.3, pp.502-513. Process_Date: 2011 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Amy Farris Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afarris@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The series of operational MHW points extracted from the cross-shore lidar profiles were converted to a .dbf file storing the lidar positional uncertainty, the bias correction value, and the uncertainty of the bias correction for each point of the original lidar data. During the rate calculation process DSAS uses linear referencing to retrieve the uncertainty and bias values stored in the associated table. For a detailed explanation of the method used to store bias and uncertainty data in a table, please refer to Appendix 2, section 12.3 in the DSAS user guide: Himmelstoss, E.A. 2009. "DSAS 4.0 Installation Instructions and User Guide" in: Thieler, E.R., Himmelstoss, E.A., Zichichi, J.L., and Ergul, Ayhan. 2009. Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0 - An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1278. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20081278 Process_Date: 2011 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Emily Himmelstoss Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2262 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ehimmelstoss@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The shoreline uncertainty table (.dbf) was imported into a personal geodatabase in ArcCatalog v10 by right-clicking on the geodatabase > Import > Table (single). The uncertainty table was used with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) v4.3 software to perform rate calculations. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - Theresa Smith. Process_Date: 2012 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Theresa Smith Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Contract Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: theresasmith@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The shoreline uncertainty table was exported from the personal geodatabase back to a stand-alone dBase file using ArcCatalog v10 by right-clicking on the database file > Export > To dBase file (single) for publication purposes. Process_Date: 2012 Process_Step: Process_Description: Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.36 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Attempted to modify http to https where appropriate. Added a landing page link as the first link in the identification section. Fixed online link to DSAS cross-reference. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Process_Date: 20171012 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Process_Date: 20180720 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Process_Date: 20191118 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200908 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: OuterCapeCod_shorelines_uncertainty Entity_Type_Definition: uncertainty table Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: OID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: ID Attribute_Definition: This field is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains a cross-shore lidar profile ID stored as the M-value (measure value) at each vertex in the calibrated shoreline route. This serves as the link between the lidar shoreline and the uncertainty table and must be a unique number at each point. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4431 Attribute: Attribute_Label: UNCY Attribute_Definition: This field heading is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains the plus/minus horizontal uncertainty (meters) in the lidar shoreline position at each cross-shore beach profile. For details on the components that make up this uncertainty, refer to the Methods section of USGS Open-File report 2010-1118 cross-referenced in the metadata. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.83 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.16 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters (UTM zone 19N WGS 84) Attribute: Attribute_Label: BIAS Attribute_Definition: This field heading is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains a proxy-datum bias value describing the unidirectional horizontal offset (in meters) between the MHW elevation of the lidar data and HWL shoreline positions. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.7 Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.34 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters (UTM zone 19N WGS 84) Attribute: Attribute_Label: UNCYB Attribute_Definition: This field heading is case-sensitive and name specific. The field contains the uncertainty in the calculated proxy-datum bias value (BIAS) in meters. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.46 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.893 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters (UTM zone 19N WGS 84) Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Resource_Description: Downloadable data. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: dBase Format_Version_Number: IV Format_Specification: .dbf file format storing structured attribute data Format_Information_Content: This dBase file contains lidar positional and measurement uncertainties, proxy-datum bias offset values, and total water level uncertainties used when calculating rates in the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/data/OuterCapeCod/OuterCapeCod_shorelines_uncertainty.zip Access_Instructions: Data are downloadable via the World Wide Web (WWW). Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in dBase file format. The user must have software capable of reading or importing the dBase formatted data file. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20211116 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Theresa Smith Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Contract Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid. Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time