Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Ocean Service Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2015 Title: 2-meter backscatter images produced from 20 multibeam hydrographic surveys collected off the Delmarva Peninsula by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Ocean Service between 2006 and 2011 (TIFF, UTM Zone 18N, WGS 84) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2014-1262 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141262 Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/downloads/data/ofr2014_1262_NOS_2m_backscatter_TIFFs.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: E.A. Pendleton Originator: L.L. Brothers Originator: E.R. Theiler Originator: W.W. Danforth Originator: C.E. Parker Publication_Date: 2015 Title: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hydrographic Survey Data Collected Offshore of the Delmarva Peninsula Reprocessed and Repurposed for a U.S. Geological Survey Regional Geologic Framework Study Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2014-1262 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/ Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141262 Description: Abstract: Between 2006 and 2011 Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), under contract by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS), collected twenty-three hydrographic surveys totaling over 4100 square-kilometers of Reson multibeam bathymetric and Klein sidescan-sonar data for the purposes of updating nautical charts. Data extended from the entrance of Delaware Bay south to Parramore Island in water depths from about 3 to 35 meters below mean lower low water. Data were collected at a fixed 40-meter line spacing which provided 40-100 percent seafloor coverage for multibeam bathymetry. NOS releases processed bathymetry via an interactive map interface in bathymetry attributed grid (BAG) format. All twenty-three survey datasets were downloaded, merged, resampled, and interpolated to fill data gaps. Sidescan data products are limited within the Delmarva survey area and there are no multibeam backscatter data products available. The U.S. Geological Survey obtained the raw RESON multibeam data files from SAIC and NOAA for twenty of the hydrographic surveys and extracted the backscatter data using Quality Positioning Service's (QPS) Fledermaus FMGeocoder Toolbox (FMGT) to produce backscatter mosaics for the inner-continental shelf of the Delmarva Peninsula. Backscatter mosaics and regional seamless bathymetric datasets created from NOAA data are a valuable tool for characterizing seafloor geology, sediment transport pathways, and marine resources. Additionally, obtaining this near full seafloor coverage backscatter and bathymetry dataset from an existing source greatly increased project deliverables, geophysical survey efficiency, collaboration among government agencies, and the area over which geologic data interpretations can be conducted by the USGS. Purpose: These 20 2-m interpolated backscatter surfaces were created from NOAA-NOS hydrographic survey datasets. Backscatter mosaic images are useful geophysical datasets for geologic framework studies. USGS extracted these backscatter data from NOAA surveys and created seamless mosaics to use in a geologic framework investigation. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20060601 Ending_Date: 20110930 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.633 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.569 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.816 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.490 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:1ae83adc-e3ea-44e3-be9f-3fc595b87951 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Theme_Keyword: National Ocean Service Theme_Keyword: National Geophysical Data Center Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: NOS Theme_Keyword: NGDC Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Multibeam backscatter Theme_Keyword: Reson 8101 Theme_Keyword: Reson 7125 Theme_Keyword: backscatter Theme_Keyword: TIFF Theme_Keyword: seamless mosaic image Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11647 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11648 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11649 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11872 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11873 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11874 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H11992 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12001 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12002 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12003 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12091 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12092 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12093 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12094 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12160 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12161 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12336 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12337 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12338 Theme_Keyword: Hydrographic Survey H12339 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: sea-floor acoustic reflectivity Theme_Keyword: image mosaics Theme_Keyword: multibeam sonar Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Delmarva Peninsula Place_Keyword: Delaware Place_Keyword: Maryland Place_Keyword: Virginia Place_Keyword: Ocean City Place_Keyword: Mid-Atlantic Place_Keyword: Salisbury Place_Keyword: Cape Henlopen Place_Keyword: Rehoboth Place_Keyword: Lewes Place_Keyword: Delaware Bay Place_Keyword: Isle of Wight Place_Keyword: Assateague Island Place_Keyword: Assateague Island National Seashore Place_Keyword: Chincoteague Island Place_Keyword: Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge Place_Keyword: Chincoteague Inlet Place_Keyword: Chincoteague Bay Place_Keyword: Wallops Island Place_Keyword: Parramore Island Place_Keyword: Hog Island Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: sea floor Stratum_Keyword: seafloor Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508)-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/downloads/data/backscatter/BS_all.png Browse_Graphic_File_Description: thumbnail image of regional backscatter mosaics for Delmarva Peninsula Browse_Graphic_File_Type: png Data_Set_Credit: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Geophysical Data Center, U.S. Geological Survey Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows Version 7.0 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: International Hydrographic Organization Publication_Date: 2008 Title: IHO Standards for Hydrographic Surveys Edition: 5th Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Special Publication Issue_Identification: 44 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Monaco Publisher: International Hydrographic Bureau Online_Linkage: http://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-44_5E.pdf Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: These backscatter mosaic images were created from 20 NOAA-NOS multibeam echosounder (MBES) datasets. NOAA/NOS publishes the bathymetry data in .bag format through NGDC Interactive Map Interface to NOS Data and Products . However, MBES backscatter data are not published and even sidescan sonar datasets are limited within this area (only 9 of 23 sidescan H-survey datasets are published through NGDC). In order to create a seamless backscatter mosaic, 20 of the 23 MBES surveys were obtained in their semi-raw form (.gsf format) and were processed to extract backscatter using Quality Positioning Services (QPS) Fledermaus FMGeocoder Toolbox (FMGT) software . All individual mosaics follow the same color convention: Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). A DN value of 200 is not necessarily equal among surveys. The file naming convention of the TIFF images follows the Hydrograpic Survey number assigned by NOAA and SAIC. Completeness_Report: These images include Reson 8101 and 7125 MBES backscatter collected during 20 M/V Atlantic Surveyor cruises conducted by SAIC for the purposes of updating NOAA nautical charts. The individual hydrographic survey grids can be downloaded by visiting NGDC's Interactive Map Interface to NOS Data and Products: There are 23 H-surveys in the bathymetric grid, but only 20 H-surveys could be obtained in .gsf format for backscatter extraction. NOAA was not able to provide .gsf format MBES data for H-surveys H11554, H11555, and H11650. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Data collected under contract with NOAA for Nautical Charting must conform to IHO (International Hydrographic Organization) S-44 standards, which is 5-meters + 5% of water depth, horizontally in areas where under-keel clearance is of concern. This ensures that any sounding that falls outside of the maximum allowable horizontal position offset will not be used in depth calculations. Positioning confidence checks are performed daily during hydrographic surveys for NOAA and these checks can be viewed for the individual descriptive reports (see the source data for links to reports). Because MBES backscatter is co-located with the MBES bathymetry, the horizontal accuracies are the same. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA-NOS Publication_Date: 2011 Title: NOAA Hydrographic Surveys using Reson 8101 MBES along the Delmarva Peninsula Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Descriptive Reports Issue_Identification: H11647, H11648, H11649, H11872, H11873, H11874, H11992, and H12161. Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Newport, RI Publisher: Leidos (formerly SAIC) Other_Citation_Details: 8 Reson 8101 surveys were used to construct this regional backscatter dataset. The descriptive reports are listed in the Source Information and an inclusive citation is shown here. Bathymetry data and accompanying reports can be accessed through NGDC via the online linkage URL. The publication date of these surveys actually range from 2009 to 2011. Online_Linkage: http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/?layers=nos_hydro&minx=-200&maxx=-50&miny=10&maxy=70 Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20060601 Ending_Date: 20101217 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Reson 8101 Source_Contribution: These hydrographic reports and data provided valuable information on the source RESON 8101 MBES backscatter data that went into these backscatter mosaics. The data were acquired between 2006 and 2011 by SAIC for NOAA aboard M/V Atlantic Surveyor. A hull-mounted RESON SeaBat 8101(240 kHz) was used to acquire the multibeam echosounder data. Below is a list of references for the individual H-survey descriptive reports that used the Reson 8101 Seabat sonar. Survey bathymetry data and descriptive reports can be downloaded through the NGDC's Interactive Map Interface to NOS Data and Products (http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/?layers=nos_hydro&minx=-200&maxx=-50&miny=10&maxy=70). Semi-raw .gsf format data can be obtained by request through NGDC. Data accessed on September 12, 2014. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2007, Descriptive report for survey H11647, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-07: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 07-TR-008, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11647/DR/H11647.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2007, Descriptive report for survey H11648, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-07: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 07-TR-009, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11648/DR/H11648.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2007, Descriptive report for survey H11649, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-07: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 07-TR-010, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11649/DR/H11649.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008, Descriptive report for survey H11872, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-08: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 09-TR-035, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11872/DR/H11872.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008, Descriptive report for survey H11873, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-08: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 09-TR-043, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11873/DR/H11873.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008, Descriptive report for survey H11874, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-08: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 09-TR-044, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11874/DR/H11874.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008, Descriptive report for survey H11992, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-08: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 09-TR-045, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H10001-H12000/H11992/DR/H11992.pdf Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 11-TR-003, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12161/DR/H12161.pdf Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA-NOS Publication_Date: 2010 Title: NOAA Hydrographic Surveys using Reson 7125 MBES along the Delmarva Peninsula Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Descriptive Reports Issue_Identification: H12001, H12002, H12003, H12091, H12092, H12093, H12094, H12160, H12336, H12337, H12338, and H12339 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Newport, RI Publisher: Leidos (formerly SAIC) Other_Citation_Details: 12 Reson 7125 surveys were used to construct this regional backscatter dataset. The descriptive reports are listed in the Source Information and an inclusive citation is shown here. Bathymetry data and accompanying reports can be accessed through NGDC via the online linkage URL. The publication dates for these surveys actually range from 2006 to 2010. Online_Linkage: http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/?layers=nos_hydro&minx=-200&maxx=-50&miny=10&maxy=70 Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20091009 Ending_Date: 20110930 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Reson 7125 Source_Contribution: These hydrographic reports and data provided valuable information on the source RESON 7125 MBES backscatter data that went into these backscatter mosaics. The data were acquired between 2006 and 2011 by SAIC for NOAA aboard M/V Atlantic Surveyor. A hull-mounted RESON SeaBat 7125(200 and 400 kHz) was used to acquire the multibeam echosounder data. Below is a list of references for the individual H-survey descriptive reports that used the Reson 7125 Seabat sonar. Survey bathymetry data and descriptive reports can be downloaded through the NGDC's Interactive Map Interface to NOS Data and Products (http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/?layers=nos_hydro&minx=-200&maxx=-50&miny=10&maxy=70). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2009, Descriptive report for survey H12001, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 10-TR-001, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12001/DR/H12001.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010, Descriptive report for survey H12002, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 10-TR-002, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12002/DR/H12002.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010, Descriptive report for survey H12003, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 10-TR-003, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12003/DR/H12003.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010, Descriptive report for survey H12091, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 10-TR-004, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12091/DR/H12091.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010, Descriptive report for survey H12092, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 10-TR-030, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12092/DR/H12092.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010, Descriptive report for survey H12093, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 11-TR-001, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12093/DR/H12093.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2010, Descriptive report for survey H12094, Project No. OPR-D302-SA-09: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 10-TR-040, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12094/DR/H12094.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2011, Descriptive report for survey H12160, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-10: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 11-TR-005, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12160/DR/H12160.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2011, Descriptive report for survey H12336, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-11: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 11-TR-030, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12336/DR/H12336.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2011, Descriptive report for survey H12337, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-11: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 12-TR-003, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12337/DR/H12337.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2011, Descriptive report for survey H12338, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-11: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 12-TR-004, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12338/DR/H12338.pdf National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2011, Descriptive report for survey H12339, Project No. OPR-D302-KR-11: National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SAIC Doc 12-TR-005, accessed September 12, 2014 at http://surveys.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/NOS/coast/H12001-H14000/H12339/DR/H12339.pdf Process_Step: Process_Description: Semi-raw MBES data were obtained from NGDC by request through the NOS Hydrographic data manager, (LTJG David Rodziewicz, NOAA Corps) and through Rebecca T. Quintal of Leidos (formerly SAIC). Semi-raw means that the data have some offsets and corrections applied (i.e. tides, atitude, and positioning), but the data are still in the native Reson acquisition format. NOAA and SAIC were able to supply .gsf format files for 20 of the 23 H-surveys requested. Quality Positioning Services (QPS) Fledermaus FMGeocoder Toolbox (FMGT) software (version 7.4.1) was used to import the semi-raw MBES data and extract the backscatter. This process step and all of the following process steps were completed by the following Process Contact: Process_Date: 20140825 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508)-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The 20 hydrographic surveys were processed individually in FMGT to allow modification of processing parameters among surveys (i.e. modification of ocean absorption coefficients). All the MBES backscatter data were processed as uncalibrated, beam-averaged, logarithmic space (dB) data in either Reson 8101 or 7125 MBES data. Ocean absorption coefficients were not modified for the Reson 8101 data, but the Reson 7125 data were processed with ocean absorption coefficients between 70 and 120, based on information in a technical note published by QPS Fledermaus FMGT developers (https://confluence.qps.nl/display/KBE/Technical+Note+3%3A+Absorption+coefficient). The best ocean absorption coefficient was arrived at by testing a few lines at a time and estimating water temperature, salinity, and sonar frequency. Process_Date: 20140826 Process_Step: Process_Description: After data were imported to FMGT, the backscatter was processed based on the user defined inputs described in the previous step and a mosaic was made for the entire survey by defining a mosaic resolution (2-m for all 20 surveys) and bounding extents (based on the survey tracklines). The processing steps of FMGT are not complex and user-input is limited, but the computational time for processing a single survey from import to processing to mosaic can take up to 24 hours to complete on a 64-bit computer with 4 processers and 12.0 GB of RAM. Process_Date: 20140831 Process_Step: Process_Description: After satisfactory mosaic images for each survey were produced with FMGT, survey mosaics were exported as 2-m per pixel GeoTIFF images. The native horizontal coordinate system was GCS, NAD83, so the GeoTIFFs were reprojected in ArcMap (version 10.2) using the NAD83_to_WGS84_5 transformation from GCS to UTM Zone 18N. A .tfw was also created for each GeoTIFF in ArcMAP Process_Date: 20140831 Process_Step: Process_Description: Because the data were collected at a set-line spacing of 40-m, some gaps between adjacent lines existed in areas shallower than ~ 10-meters. Matlab (R2014a) was used to fill null values (gaps between adjacent lines and small data drop outs in backscatter) in the GeoTIFFS by interpolating backscatter values from surrounding pixels (f(x) inpaintNaNs). Surveys with an average depth greater than 10-m did not require much interpolation. The background of each image was given a value of 253, so that the background would not be interpolated. The edges of the backscatter mosaic were trimmed in Photoshop (version CS6) to remove interpolation artifacts and trackline dangles. Process_Date: 20140831 Process_Step: Process_Description: Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.30 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Fix publication dates that were ranges and removed empty elements that were unnecesary for the dataset. The links to download the data had to be fixed. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Process_Date: 20160302 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Process_Date: 20180720 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. Process_Date: 20191118 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200908 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 18 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 2.0 Ordinate_Resolution: 2.0 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Image pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range. Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). The background color is set to 2 and can be turned off without removing data values. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov Resource_Description: USGS Open-File Report 2014-1262 backscatter images from the Delmarva Peninsula area (NOS_2m_backscatter_TIFFs.zip). The zip file contains the following TIFF images: H11647_2m.tif, H11648_2m.tif, H11649_2m.tif, H11872_2m.tif, H11873_2m.tif, H11874_2m.tif, H11992_2m.tif, H12001_2m.tif, H12002_2m.tif, H12003_2m.tif, H12091_2m.tif, H12092_2m.tif, H12093_2m.tif, H12094_2m.tif, H12160_2m.tif, H12161_2m.tif, H12336_2m.tif, H12337_2m.tif, H12338_2m.tif, and H12339_2m.tif. Each image has a TIFF world file, with the same image prefix name, with the extension tfw. The browse graphic PNG file (BS_all.png) and the FGDC CSDGM metadata files (Hsurvey_backscatter.xml.html, Hsurvey_backscatter.xml.txt, Hsurvey_backscatter.xml.xml, Hsurvey_backscatter.xml_faq.html)are also in the zip file. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS or NOAA in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Version_Number: Matlab R2014a Format_Specification: GeoTIFF image Format_Information_Content: The zip file (WinZip v. 14.5) contains a folder with 20 TIFF images at 2-meter resolution and the associated metadata and world files. File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip or pkUnzip Transfer_Size: 240 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/downloads/data/ofr2014_1262_NOS_2m_backscatter_TIFFs.zip Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1262/ Network_Resource_Name: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141262 Fees: None Custom_Order_Process: none Technical_Prerequisites: The images contained in the ZIP file are available as GeoTIFF images with world files. To utilize these data, the user must have an image viewer, or an image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a TIFF image. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240318 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time