Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Elizabeth Pendleton Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Physiographic Zones of the Sea Floor from Nahant to Salisbury, Massachusetts (polygon shapefile, Geographic WGS 84, Nahant_NH_Pzones) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2015-1153 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151153 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1153/ Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1153/GIS_catalog/PhysiographicZones/PhysioZones.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Pendleton, E.A. Originator: Barnhardt, W.A. Originator: Baldwin, W.E. Originator: Foster, D.S. Originator: Schwab, W.C. Originator: Andrews, B.D. Originator: Ackerman, S.D. Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Sea-Floor Texture and Physiographic Zones of the Inner Continental Shelf From Salisbury to Nahant, Massachusetts, Including the Merrimack Embayment and Western Massachusetts Bay Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2015-1153 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1153/ Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151153 Description: Abstract: These data are qualitatively derived interpretive polygon shapefiles defining sediment type and distribution, and physiographic zones of the sea floor from Nahant to Salisbury, Massachusetts. Many of the geophysical data used to create the interpretive layers were collected under a cooperative agreement among the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Initiated in 2003, the primary objective of this program is to develop regional geologic framework information for the management of coastal and marine resources. Accurate data and maps of seafloor-geology are important first steps toward protecting fish habitat, delineating marine resources, and assessing environmental changes because of natural or human effects. The project is focused on the inshore waters of coastal Massachusetts. Data collected during the mapping cooperative involving the USGS have been released in a series of USGS Open-File Reports (https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_mass/geophydata.html). The interpretations released in this study are for an area extending from the southern tip of Nahant north to Salisbury, Massachusetts. A combination of geophysical and sample data including high-resolution bathymetry and lidar, acoustic-backscatter intensity, seismic-reflection profiles, bottom photographs, and sediment samples was used to create the data interpretations. Most of the nearshore geophysical and sample data (including the bottom photographs) were collected during several cruises between 2000 and 2008. More information about the cruises and the data collected can be found at the Geologic Mapping of the Massachusetts Sea Floor Web page: https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_mass/. Purpose: These sea-floor physiographic zones were created from geophysical and sample data collected from Nahant to Salisbury, and are used to characterize the seafloor in the area. Physiographic zone maps are important data layers for marine resource managers charged with protecting fish habitat, delineating marine boundaries, and assessing environmental change due to natural or human impacts. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19940101 Ending_Date: 20080507 Currentness_Reference: ground condition of data used to derive the interpretation Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.876421 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.498785 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.737110 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.276833 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:3c115fa2-0c3a-47e2-ae89-61d15380f15e Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC Theme_Keyword: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management Theme_Keyword: CZM Theme_Keyword: Sea floor Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology Theme_Keyword: Interpretation Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Backscatter Theme_Keyword: Slope Theme_Keyword: Topography Theme_Keyword: Esri Shapefile Theme_Keyword: Physiographic Zones Theme_Keyword: Rocky Zone Theme_Keyword: Hard-bottom Plain Theme_Keyword: Nearshore Ramp Theme_Keyword: Nearshore Basin Theme_Keyword: Sediment Samples Theme_Keyword: Seismic-reflection Profiles Theme_Keyword: Outer Basin Theme_Keyword: Shelf Valleys Theme_Keyword: Ebb-tidal Delta Theme_Keyword: Bay Mouth Shoal Theme_Keyword: interpretation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: scientific interpretation Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Bay Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Boston Harbor Place_Keyword: Nahant Place_Keyword: Gloucester Place_Keyword: Marblehead Place_Keyword: Boston Harbor Islands Place_Keyword: Cape Ann Place_Keyword: Swampscott Place_Keyword: Rockport Place_Keyword: Ipswich Place_Keyword: Essex Place_Keyword: Lynn Place_Keyword: Peabody Place_Keyword: Salem Sound Place_Keyword: Ipswich Bay Place_Keyword: Merrimack Embayment Place_Keyword: Annisquam Harbor Place_Keyword: Manchester Bay Place_Keyword: Plum Island Place_Keyword: Castle Neck Place_Keyword: Crane Beach Place_Keyword: Salisbury Place_Keyword: Manchester-by-the-sea Place_Keyword: Salem Place_Keyword: Beverly Place_Keyword: Newburyport Place_Keyword: Merrimack River Place_Keyword: Gulf of Maine Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Additionally, there are limitations associated with qualitative seafloor interpretations. Because of the scale of the source geophysical data and the spacing of samples, not all changes in sea floor texture are captured. The data were mapped between 1:8,000 and 1:25,000, but the recommended scale for application of these data is 1:25,000. Features below 5,000 m2 or less than 50 m wide were not digitized due to positional uncertainty, lack of sample information, and the often ephemeral nature of small-scale sea floor features. Not all digitized sea floor features contained sample information, so often the physiographic zone is characterized by the nearest similar feature that contains a sample. Conversely, sometimes a digitized feature contained multiple samples and not all of the samples within the feature were in agreement. In these cases the dominant sample texture was chosen to represent the primary sediment type for the polygon. Samples from rocky areas often only consist of bottom photographs, because large particle size often prevents the recovery of a sediment sample. Bottom photo classification can be subjective, such that determining the sediment type that is greater than 50% of the view frame is estimated by the interpreter and may differ among interpreters. Bottom photo transects often reveal changes in the sea floor over distances of less than 100 m and these changes are often not observable in acoustic data. Heterogeneous sea floor texture can change very quickly, and many small-scale changes will not be detectable or mappable at a scale of 1:25,000. The boundaries of polygons are often inferred based on sediment samples, and even boundaries that are traced based on amplitude changes in geophysical data are subject to migration. Polygon boundaries should be considered an approximation of the location of a change in physiographic zone. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1153/GIS_catalog/PhysiographicZones/pzones_browse.png Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Image of the physiographic zone shapefile for the Massachusetts inner continental shelf from Nahant to Salisbury Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4000 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kelley, J.T. Originator: Barnhardt, W.A. Originator: Belknap, D.F. Originator: Dickson, S.M. Originator: Kelley, A.R. Publication_Date: 1996 Title: The seafloor revealed: the geology of the northwestern Gulf of Maine inner continental shelf Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Maine Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 96-6 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Augusta, ME Publisher: Maine Geological Survey, Natural Resources Information and Mapping Center Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: McMullen, K.Y Originator: Paskevich, V.F. Originator: Poppe, L.J. Publication_Date: 2012 Title: USGS East-coast Sediment Analysis: Procedures, Database, and GIS Data Edition: 2.2 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1001 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1001/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Ford, K.H. Originator: S.E. Voss Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Seafloor Sediment Composition in Massachusetts Determined Using Point Data Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Technical Report Issue_Identification: TR-45 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New Bedford, MA Publisher: Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Online_Linkage: http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/dfg/dmf/publications/tr-45.pdf Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Blackwood, D.S. Originator: Parolski, K.F. Publication_Date: 2000 Title: "Seaboss": an elegantly simple image and sample collecting system Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: extended abstract Series_Information: Series_Name: Proceedings, 6th Annual International Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine Environments Issue_Identification: Volume 1 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: Veridian ERIM International Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: These data were drawn and vetted for accuracy using the source input rasters and point sample data described in the processing steps and source contributions. Overlapping features and unintentional gaps within the survey area were identified using the topology checker in ArcMap (version 10.2) and corrected or removed. Completeness_Report: These physiographic zones are defined for areas where source data exist. In general, gaps in the coverage coincide with gaps in the source data. However, some small data gaps were interpreted through extrapolation. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: These data were produced qualitatively from acoustic and sample data with varying resolutions. Horizontal uncertainty associated with sample collection especially, can be quite high (100's of meters), much higher than positional uncertainty associated with acoustic data (usually less than <10's of meters). The date of sample collection and ship station positioning all contribute to sample position uncertainty. These qualitatively derived polygons outlining sea floor features are estimated to be within 50 meters, horizontally, but locally may be higher when sediment texture delineation is based on sample information alone. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Barnhardt, W.A. Originator: Andrews, B.D. Originator: Butman, Bradford Publication_Date: 2006 Title: High-Resolution Geologic Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Nahant to Gloucester, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1293 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1293/ Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20040417 Ending_Date: 20040508 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Barnhardt and others, 2006 Source_Contribution: This report provided the published physiographic zone interpretations for an area from Nahant to Gloucester, Massachusetts. The physiographic zone interpretations in this study are adjacent to the physiographic zones in Barnhardt and others (2006) and Barnhardt and others (2009). The interpretations should be nearly seamless and continuous among the 3 interpretations. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Barnhardt, W.A. Originator: Andrews, B.D. Originator: Ackerman, S.D. Originator: Baldwin, W.E. Originator: Hein, C.J. Publication_Date: 2009 Title: High-Resolution Geologic Mapping of the Inner Continental Shelf: Cape Ann to Salisbury Beach, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2007-1373 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1373/ Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20040223 Ending_Date: 20050920 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Barnhardt and others, 2009 Source_Contribution: This report provided the published physiographic zone interpretations for an area from Cape Ann to Salisbury, Massachusetts. The physiographic zone interpretations in this study are adjacent to the physiographic zones in Barnhardt and others (2006) and Barnhardt and others (2009). The interpretations should be nearly seamless and continuous among the 3 interpretations. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Butman, B. Originator: Valentine, P.C. Originator: Middleton, T.J. Originator: Danforth, W.W. Publication_Date: 2007 Title: A GIS Library of Multibeam Data for Massachusetts Bay and the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Offshore of Boston, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Digital Data Series Issue_Identification: 99 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/99/ Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19940101 Ending_Date: 19981231 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Butman and others, 2007 Source_Contribution: This report provided the source geophysical data (sidescan and bathymetry) for the western Massachusetts Bay region including Stellwagen Bank. These data were acquired between 1994 and 1998 by the USGS, Canadian Hydrographic Survey, and University of New Brunswick aboard the Frederick G. Creed. Bathymetric and backscatter data were acquired using Simrad Subsea EM 1000 Multibeam Echo Sounder. These data formed the basis of the physiographic zone interpretations and are included as a source layer in Pendleton and others (2013). Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ford, K.H. Originator: Huntley, E.C. Originator: Sampson, D.W. Originator: Voss, S. Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Title: Massachusetts Sediment Database Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: This sample database has been compiled and vetted from existing samples and datasets by the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management. The data are currently unpublished, but may be acquired by contacting the CZM office: 251 Causeway St Boston, MA 02114 (617) 626-1200 czm@state.ma.us Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ford, K.H. Originator: Voss, S.E. Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Seafloor sediment composition in Massachusetts determined using point data Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Technical Report Issue_Identification: TR-45 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New Bedford, MA Publisher: Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Online_Linkage: http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/dfg/dmf/publications/tr-45.pdf Type_of_Source_Media: digital vector Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19550101 Ending_Date: 20110101 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CZM sample database Source_Contribution: Sediment sample databases of Ford and Voss (2010) and McMullen and others (2011) were combined then edited and supplemented with NOAA chart sampling data and over 2,000 bottom photos and descriptions at more than 400 stations by a group of GIS specialists at the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (Emily Huntley, personal communication). These data contained sediment laboratory statistics when available, visual descriptions if sediment analysis was not performed or if the site was a bottom photograph, and classification fields of Barnhardt and others (1998), Shepard (1954), and Wentworth (1922) as well as average sediment statistics and phi size, when laboratory analysis was conducted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Joint Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Center of Expertise Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Massachusetts LiDAR Grid Data in Coastal Areas Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Lidar Data Issue_Identification: MA coastline Publication_Information: Publication_Place: San Diego, CA Publisher: Fugro Pelagos, Inc Type_of_Source_Media: disc Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20070428 Ending_Date: 20070806 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USACE- JALBTCX, 2008 Source_Contribution: This report provided the source lidar data for the very nearshore (< -5 m) region. Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) data were acquired with a SHOALS-1000T (for hydrographic & topographic data) using the Joint Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Center of Expertise (JALBTCX) lidar plane. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Gutierrez, B.J. Originator: Butman, Bradford Originator: Blackwood, D.S. Publication_Date: 2000 Title: Photographs of the Sea Floor in Western Massachusetts Bay, Offshore of Boston, Massachusetts, July, 1999 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 00-427 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/of00-427/ Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19990718 Ending_Date: 19990721 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Gutierrez and others, 2000 Source_Contribution: This report provided the photographs of the seafloor in western Massachusetts Bay. These data were acquired in 1999 by the USGS aboard the Fishing Vessel Isabel S using SEABOSS (Blackwood and Parolski, 2000). The photographs and samples were used to validate physiographic zones interpretations and sediment texture Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2009 Title: MassGIS Data - USGS Color Ortho Imagery (2008/2009) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: MassGIS Data Issue_Identification: April 2008/2009 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Boston, MA Publisher: MassGIS Online_Linkage: http://www.mass.gov/anf/research-and-tech/it-serv-and-support/application-serv/office-of-geographic-information-massgis/datalayers/colororthos2008.html Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20080401 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS Color Ortho Imagery (2008/2009) Source_Contribution: These data provided the aerial photograph data for the very nearshore and shoreline region and were used to guide the physiographic zone interpretation in the absence of geophysical data. Photographs from the north shore were acquired in 2008 by Fugro Earthdata, Inc under contract of the U.S. Geological Survey at 30-cm resolution. The data are distributed by the Massachusetts Office of Geographic Information (MassGIS). Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Pendleton, E.A. Originator: Baldwin, W.E. Originator: Barnhardt, W.A. Originator: Ackerman, S.D. Originator: Foster, D.S. Originator: Andrews, B.D. Originator: Schwab, W.C. Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Shallow Geology, Seafloor Texture, and Physiographic Zones of the Inner Continental Shelf from Nahant to Northern Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2012-1157 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1157/ Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19940101 Ending_Date: 20080507 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Pendleton and others (2013) Source_Contribution: This report merged and published several topographic, bathymetric and backscatter datasets collected between 1998 and 2009. These data were used as source layers for creating and expanding the physiographic zone interpretations. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Oldale, R.N. Originator: Bick, Jennifer Publication_Date: 1987 Title: Maps and seismic profiles showing geology of the inner continental shelf, Massachusetts Bay, Massachusetts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Field Studies Map Issue_Identification: 1923 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/mf1923 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1987 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Oldale and Bick, 1987 Source_Contribution: This report provided a surficial geologic interpretation of Massachusetts Bay. The maps made by Oldale and Bick (1987) provided information regarding the likely geologic origin of the sediments of the seafloor, and although the maps were low-resolution compared to the study presented here, they informed the sediment texture interpretations and physiographic zone determination especially in areas of limited sample coverage. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Oldale, R.N. Originator: Wommack, L.E. Publication_Date: 1987 Title: Maps and seismic profiles showing geology of the inner continental shelf, Cape Ann, Massachusetts to New Hampshire Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: Miscellaneous Field Studies Map Issue_Identification: 1892 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/mf1892 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1987 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Oldale and Wommack, 1987 Source_Contribution: This report provided a surficial geologic interpretation of the southern Merrimack Embayment. The maps made by Oldale and Wommack (1987) provided information regarding the likely geologic origin of the sediments of the seafloor, and although the maps were low-resolution compared to the study presented here, they informed the sediment texture interpretations and physiographic zone determination especially in areas of limited sample coverage. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Hein, C.J. Originator: FitzGerald, D.M. Originator: Barnhardt, W.A. Originator: Stone, B.D. Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Onshore-Offshore Surficial Geologic Map of the Newburyport East and Northern Half of the Ipswich Quadrangles, Massachusetts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Geologic Map Issue_Identification: GM-13-01 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amherst, MA Publisher: Massachusetts Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://www.geo.umass.edu/stategeologist/Products/Surficial_Geology/Newburyport_East Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20040223 Time_of_Day: 20050916 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Hein and others, 2013 Source_Contribution: This report provided geospatial vector data of surficial geologic interpretations from Cape Ann to New Hampshire. These interpretations of shallow and surficial geology were based on the data of Barnhardt and others (2009). The geospatial information was used to guide sediment texture interpretations and physiographic zone determinations. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Oldale, R.N. Originator: Knebel, H.J. Originator: Bothner, M.H. Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Submerged and Eroded Drumlins off Northeastern Massachusetts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: Geomorphology Issue_Identification: 9 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Philadelphia, PA Publisher: Elsevier Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1994 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Oldale and others, 1994 Source_Contribution: This paper provided a map of submerged drumlins offshore of Boston Harbor. These identified areas of till and lag deposits were used to aid the interpretation of surficial sediment cover and physiographic zones. Process_Step: Process_Description: The spatial distribution of sea-floor features were qualitatively-analyzed in ArcGIS using several input data sources, including acoustic backscatter, bathymetry, Lidar, bottom photographs, and sediment samples. In order to create the interpretation, first a polygon feature class was created inside a geodatabase by importing a polygon shapefile of the survey area (with ArcMap version 10.2). The feature class was then edited using 'cut polygon' in an edit session. The polygon cuts were done qualitatively based on slope changes in the bathymetry, backscatter intensity changes in the sidescan sonar mosaics, surficial geologic interpretations, bottom photographs and sediment samples. The polygon editing was done at a general zoom scale of 1:12,000. Process_Date: 20140315 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: After all the traced features were mapped, a new field was created 'Physio', and the sea floor was characterized for each polygon based on physiographic zones descriptions of Kelley and others (1996). Process_Date: 20140405 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Finally, new topology rules were established for the feature dataset within the geodatabase. This was done to make sure that there were no overlapping polygons or unintentional gaps between adjacent polygons. The topology error inspector (ArcMap version 10.2) was used to find topology errors and fix them. All overlapping polygon errors were fixed, and several gaps were marked as exceptions since there are several islands and some data gaps within the study area. The data were then exported to a shapefile and the polygons were reprojected from UTM Zone 19N, WGS84 to GCS WGS84. Process_Date: 20140602 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S.Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02540 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508)-548-8700 x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508)-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.36 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Attempted to modify http to https where appropriate. Fixed a link in the distribution section. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Process_Date: 20171004 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. Process_Date: 20180720 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. Process_Date: 20200908 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 210 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Nahant_NH_Pzones Entity_Type_Definition: Physiographic zones shapefile for Nahant to Salisbury, Massachusetts Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Physio Attribute_Definition: Based on geologic maps produced for the Western Gulf of Maine (Kelley and others, 1989), the seafloor within the study area can be divided into geologic environments, or physiographic zones, which are delineated based on Seafloor morphology and the dominant texture of surficial material. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Rocky Zone Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Rocky Zones (RZ) are rugged areas of extreme bathymetric relief ranging from nearly vertical rock cliffs to relatively flat, gravel-covered plains littered with boulders up to 4 m in diameter. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Kelley and others, 1996; modified by U.S.Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Nearshore Basin Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Nearshore Basins (NB) are areas of shallow, low-relief seafloor adjacent to the mainland and separated from offshore areas by islands and shoals. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Kelley and others, 1996; modified by U.S.Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Nearshore Ramp Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Nearshore Ramps (NR) are areas of gently-sloping seafloor with generally shore-parallel bathymetric contours. This zone is primarily covered with sand-rich sediment, although small exposures of ledge, cobbles and boulders locally crop out on the seafloor. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Kelley and others, 1996; modified by U.S.Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Shelf Valley Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shelf Valleys (SV) are elongate depressions that extend offshore more or less perpendicular to the trend of the coastline, and slope gently seaward. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Kelley and others, 1996; modified by U.S.Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Outer Basin Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Outer Basins are generally found in water depths greater than 40 meters, and are finer grained, but may contain occasional rock outcrops. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Kelley and others, 1996; modified by U.S.Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Hard-bottom Plains Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Hard-bottom Plains tend to have low bathymetric relief, with a coarse sediment texture consisting of primarily gravel, sand, and rock. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Kelley and others, 1996; modified by U.S.Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Leng Attribute_Definition: Length in meters (UTM, zone 19, WGS84) of each defined polygon automatically calculated when part of a geodatabase. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 359.72 Range_Domain_Maximum: 258190.70928 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 50 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Area Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in meters squared. Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth A Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ependleton@usgs.gov Resource_Description: USGS open file report 2015-1153 Physiographic Zones from Nahant to NH. The zip file contains a shapefile (Nahant_NH_pzones), a browse graphic (pzones_browse.png) and FGDC CSDGM metadata files in four standard formats. Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.2 Format_Specification: Esri Polygon Shapefile Format_Information_Content: WinZip (v 14.5) file contains qualitatively derived polygons that define physiographic zones from Nahant to Salisbury, MA and the associated metadata File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip or pkUnzip Transfer_Size: 0.35 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1153/GIS_catalog/PhysiographicZones/PhysioZones.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1153/html/ofr20151153_GIS_catalog.html Network_Resource_Name: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1153/ Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded via the World Wide Web (WWW) Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) Shapefile format. The user must have software capable of importing and processing the data file. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240318 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Elizabeth A. Pendleton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2259 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None