This bathymetric grid was created from several smaller bathymetry and lidar datasets that were processed and published in various formats and datums (see Source Information for the individual input data). NOAA single-beam sonar soundings and lead-line soundings were merged with the swath bathymetry and lidar. Bathymetric source datasets that were referenced to tidal datums (mean lower low water) were transformed to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) using VDATUM (version 3.2). Individual datasets were imported into ArcGIS, evaluated for overlap and edited to subsets (generally on the basis of source quality, sounding density, and temporal relevance), compiled into a terrain model, then exported to an interpolated grid at 10 meters per pixel using the Natural Neighbors algorithm. The final output bathymetric DEM is composed of the best available bathymetric data for Vineyard and western Nantucket Sounds at the time of this publication.
This grid includes lead-line soundings, single-beam sonar, swath interferometric, multibeam, and lidar data collected during several surveys in Vineyard and western Nantucket Sounds. The input grids can be downloaded by visiting the publications listed in the Source Information.
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The horizontal accuracy of the source multibeam bathymetry (DGPS) is reported at +/- 3 meters. The horizontal accuracy of the swath bathymetry (DGPS and/or RTK-GPS) is conservatively estimated to be +/- 10 meters. The lidar data were collected to meet the +/- 3-meter accuracy specification. Horizontal accuracy for lead-line and single-beam sonar soundings are not documented. This composite topographic and bathymetric grid is assumed to be horizontally accurate to within 20 meters, as additional errors could have been introduced during resampling, vertical and horizontal reprojections, and interpolation. See USGS Open File Reports and NOAA survey descriptive reports for individual survey positioning methods.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The vertical accuracy for NOAA lead-line and single-beam sonar soundings are not documented. NOAA survey methods and processing of sounding data are in descriptive reports. All XYZ sounding data downloaded from NGDC are in tenths of meters. The vertical accuracy of the source multibeam bathymetry (RESON SeaBat 8101) is reported at +/- 30 to 50 cm. The vertical accuracy of the swath bathymetry is estimated to be +/- 10 to 60 cm. The lidar data were collected to meet the +/- 30-cm accuracy specification. This composite topographic and bathymetric grid is assumed to be vertically accurate to within 1-meter, as additional errors could have been introduced during resampling, vertical and horizontal reprojections, and interpolation.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Poppe, L.J.
Originator: Ackerman, S.D.
Originator: Foster, D.S.
Originator: Blackwood, D.S.
Originator: Butman, B.
Originator: Moser, M.S.
Originator: Stewart, H.F.
Publication_Date: 2007
Title:
Sea-floor character and surface processes in the vicinity of Quicks Hole, Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2006-1357
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1357/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20040810
Ending_Date: 20050617
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Poppe and others, 2007
Source_Contribution:
This publication provides the source multibeam bathymetry for the Quicks Hole area. Two 29-foot launches deployed from the NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson were used to acquire bathymetric and backscatter data during 2004. The multibeam bathymetric data were collected with hull-mounted 455-kHz RESON 8125 and 240-kHz RESON 8101 systems. The sidescan-sonar data were acquired with a hull-mounted Klein 5250 system operating at 100 kHz. Sediment samples and bottom photos were collected aboard the R/V Rafael with a modified Van Veen grab sampler and SEABOSS, respectively.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Poppe, L.J.
Originator: McMullen, K.Y.
Originator: Foster, D.S.
Originator: Blackwood, D.S.
Originator: Williams, S.J.
Originator: Ackerman, S.D.
Originator: Moser, M.S.
Originator: Glomb, K.A.
Publication_Date: 2010
Title:
Geological interpretation of the sea floor offshore of Edgartown, Massachusetts
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2009-1001
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1001/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20040814
Ending_Date: 20080909
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Poppe and others, 2010
Source_Contribution:
This publication provides the source geophysical (backscatter and bathymetry) and bottom photographs and sediment samples in the vicinity of Edgartown. Two 29-foot launches deployed from the NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson were used to acquire bathymetric and backscatter data during 2004. The multibeam bathymetric data were collected with hull-mounted 455-kHz RESON 8125 and 240-kHz RESON 8101 systems. The sidescan-sonar data were acquired with a hull-mounted Klein 5250 system operating at 100 kHz. Sediment samples and bottom photos were collected aboard the R/V Rafael with a modified Van Veen grab sampler and SEABOSS, respectively.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Pendleton, E.A.
Originator: Twichell, D.C.
Originator: Foster, D.S.
Originator: Worley, C.R
Originator: Irwin, B.J.
Originator: Danforth, W.W.
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:
High-resolution geophysical data from the sea floor surrounding the Western Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2011-1184
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1184/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20100909
Ending_Date: 20100918
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Pendleton and others, 2012
Source_Contribution:
This report provided swath bathymetry for the area of Vineyard Sound surrounding the western Elizabeth Islands. Surveying was conducted aboard the RV Rafael in September 2010. Interferometric-sonar, sidescan-sonar, and chirp seismic-reflection systems were deployed simultaneously during the cruise. Bathymetric sounding data were collected with an SEA SWATHplus 234-kilohertz (kHz) interferometric sonar system. Sidescan-sonar (acoustic-backscatter) data were acquired with a Klein 3000 dual-frequency (100 and 500 kHz) sidescan-sonar system.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Andrews, B.D.
Originator: Ackerman, S.D.
Originator: Baldwin, W.E.
Originator: Foster, D.S.
Originator: Schwab, W.C.
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
High-Resolution Geophysical Data from the Inner Continental Shelf: Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts
Edition: 2
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2012-1006
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1006/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20090528
Ending_Date: 20110517
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Andrews and others, 2014
Source_Contribution:
This report provided swath bathymetry for Vineyard and western Nantucket Sounds. The mapping was conducted during research cruises aboard the Megan T. Miller (2009 and 2010) and the Scarlett Isabella (2011). Bathymetric data were acquired using a Systems Engineering and Assessment, Ltd. (SEA) SWATHplus-M 234-kilohertz (kHz) interferometric sonar system; acoustic backscatter data were collected with a Klein 3000 dual-frequency sidescan-sonar (132 and 445 kHz).
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Pendleton, E.A.
Originator: Andrews, B.D.
Originator: Danforth, W.W.
Originator: Foster, D.S.
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
High-resolution geophysical data collected aboard the U.S. Geological Survey research vessel Rafael to supplement existing datasets from Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2013-1020
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1020/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20071005
Ending_Date: 20110413
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Pendleton and others, 2014
Source_Contribution:
This report provided swath bathymetry for shallow zones along the nearshore and across Middle Ground, L'Hommediue, Hedge Fence, and Squash Meadow shoals within Vineyard and western Nantucket Sounds. These areas were surveyed with the RV Rafael in 2011. Swath bathymetry data were collected with an SEA SWATHplus 234-kilohertz (kHz) interferometric sonar system. Sidescan-sonar (acoustic-backscatter) data were acquired with a Klein 3000 dual-frequency (100 and 500 kHz) sidescan-sonar system.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Poppe, L.J.
Originator: McMullen, K.Y.
Originator: Foster, D.S.
Originator: Blackwood, D.S.
Originator: Williams, S.J.
Originator: Ackerman, S.D.
Originator: Barnum, S.R.
Originator: Brennan, R.T.
Publication_Date: 2008
Title:
Sea-floor character and sedimentary processes in the vicinity of Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open File Report
Issue_Identification: 2008-1004
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1004/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20010101
Ending_Date: 20071119
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Poppe and others, 2008
Source_Contribution:
This publication provides multibeam bathymetry for Woods Hole. Two 29-foot launches deployed from the NOAA Ship Whiting were used to acquire bathymetric and backscatter data during 2001. The bathymetric data were collected with a hull-mounted 240-kHz RESON 8101 shallow-water system aboard launch 1005. The sidescan-sonar data were acquired with a hull-mounted Klein T-5000 system operating at 455 kHz aboard launch 1014.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Originator: National Ocean Survey
Publication_Date: 2008
Title:
Descriptive report, navigable area survey H11920, Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts, Gay Head to Cedar Tree Neck
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: BAG files
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Descriptive Report
Issue_Identification: H11920
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Norfolk, VA
Publisher:
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration - National Ocean Survey
Online_Linkage:
Online_Linkage:
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20080715
Ending_Date: 20080908
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA, 2008
Source_Contribution:
The Bathymetry Attributed Grid (BAG) files accompanying this publication provide the source bathymetry data for portions of Vineyard Sound around the Menemsha Bight. Two 29-foot launches deployed from the NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson were used to acquire bathymetry during 2008 using hull-mounted 455-kHz RESON 8125 and 240-kHz RESON 8101 systems.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Originator: National Ocean Survey
Publication_Date: 2008
Title:
Descriptive report, navigable area survey H11921, Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts, Sow and Pigs reef to Quicks Hole
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: BAG files
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Descriptive Report
Issue_Identification: H11921
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Norfolk, VA
Publisher:
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration - National Ocean Survey
Online_Linkage:
Online_Linkage:
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20080806
Ending_Date: 20080908
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA, 2008
Source_Contribution:
The BAG files accompanying this publication provide multibeam bathymetry for portions of Vineyard Sound around Cuttyhunk Island and Quicks Hole. Two 29-foot launches deployed from the NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson were used to acquire bathymetry during 2008 using hull-mounted 455-kHz RESON 8125 and 240-kHz RESON 8101 systems.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Center of Expertise
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
2005 - 2007 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Topo/Bathy Lidar: Maine, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital point data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Charleston, SC
Publisher:
NOAA National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC)
Online_Linkage:
Online_Linkage:
Type_of_Source_Media: digital point data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20070527
Ending_Date: 20070527
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USACE-JABLTCX, 2009
Source_Contribution:
The source lidar data for the very nearshore (< -5 m) region along the northern shoreline of Vineyard and western Nantucket Sounds. Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) data were acquired with a SHOALS-1000T (for hydrographic & topographic data) using the Joint Airborne Joint Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Center of Expertise (JALBTCX) lidar plane. These data are now publically available in LAS lidar format via NOAA's Digital Coast website.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1938
Ending_Date: 1977
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Single-Beam Soundings
Source_Contribution:
These data include NOAA lead-line and single-beam sonar soundings, which were used to cover areas where no swath bathymetry or lidar data exist.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Collected and prepared non-USGS source datasets:
NOAA data from NOS hydrographic surveys in the 1900s (lead-line and single-beam soundings) were downloaded from the NGDC website individually (
http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/) in XYZ ASCII format; the data are referenced to Geographic NAD83 and Mean Lower Low Water. Data from NOAA NOS hydrographic surveys conducted since 2000 were also downloaded from the NGDC website. The 2000 era data were in either XYZ or BAG format, and referenced to UTM Zone 19N, and Mean Lower Low Water. The following NOAA NOS survey data were used: 1930s - H06348, H06349, H06350, H06468; 1940's - H06533; 1950s - H08170; 1960s - H08820, H08821, H08902, H08903, H08904; 1970s - H09645, H09646; 2000s - H11920, H11921. Datasets obtained in BAG format were imported into Fledermaus (v7.4.0) then exported to XYZ text format. USACE JALBTCX lidar data were obtained online from the NOAA Coastal Services Center Digital Coast Data Access Viewer, which provided an ftp download of a subset of the bathymetric lidar data within a defined area of interest. The data were delivered in XYZ format, and referenced to Geographic NAD83 and NAVD88. XYZ coordinates referenced to NAD 83 were projected to UTM Zone 19N using proj (v4.8.0).
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Wayne Baldwin
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2226
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wbaldwin@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Collected and prepared USGS source datasets:
For swath bathymetry data sources from previously published USGS Open File Reports (including 2006-1357, 2008-1004, 2009-1001, 2012-1006, 2011-1184, and 2013-1020), XYZ formatted text files were exported from the same Caris Base surfaces used to export Esri format grids for publications. The Esri format grids can be downloaded from the publications listed in the Source Citations. They are referenced to UTM Zone 19N, and Mean Lower Low Water.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
Poppe and others, 2007; Poppe and others, 2008; Poppe and others, 2010; Pendleton and others, 2012; Andrews and others, 2013; Pendleton and others, 2014
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Wayne Baldwin
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2226
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wbaldwin@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Using NOAA VDatum (v3.2), all of the source datasets referenced to tidal datums were converted from MLLW to NAVD88 vertical datum
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: All sources referenced to tidal datums
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Wayne Baldwin
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2226
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wbaldwin@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Evaluated source data overlap and created subsets for contribution to composite surface:
Overlap of the swath bathymetry and lidar datasets was evaluated using polygon feature classes representing the areal outlines of the published grids and points. Point feature retention was determined by the following preferential hierarchy; 1) USGS swath-interferometric data (2012-1006, 2011-1184, and 2013-1020), 2) NOAA-NOS multibeam data (from USGS Open File Reports 2006-1357, 2008-1004, 2009-1001, and NOS Descriptive Reports H11920, H11921), 3) USACE-JABLTCX Lidar, and 4) NOS leadline and single-beam. Polygon outlines of higher-ranked source datasets were used to spatially select coincident points from lower-ranked XYZ feature datasets and delete them. After redundant source XYZ feature data were eliminated, the remaining subsets were imported to an ArcGIS (v9.3) geodatabase as point feature classes.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: all bathymetry sources
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Wayne Baldwin
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2226
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wbaldwin@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
An ArcGIS (9.3.1) Terrain Dataset was created (ArcToolbox > 3D Analyst Tools > Terrain > Create Terrain), all of the contributing point feature datasets and a polygon feature encompassing the input points (used as a hard clip) were added to the terrain (ArcToolbox > 3D Analyst Tools > Terrain > Add Feature Class to Terrain), and the terrain was constructed (ArcToolbox > 3D Analyst Tools > Terrain > Build Terrain).
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
bathymetric point features contributing to composite and encompassing polygon feature
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Wayne Baldwin
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2226
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wbaldwin@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The composite bathymetry was converted from the Terrain Dataset to a 10 meter per pixel, floating point Esri Grid (vns10m_navd88) using the natural neighbors interpolation method (ArcToolbox > 3D Analyst Tools > Conversion > From Terrain > Terrain to Raster). During the conversion, the polygon area encompassing the input points was specified to clip the extent of the output grid (Environmental Settings > Raster Analysis Settings > Mask)
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Composite bathymetry terrain and encompassing polygon feature
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Wayne Baldwin
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2226
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: wbaldwin@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description: USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section.
Process_Date: 20180720
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Fixed a broken link and added the DOI link.
Process_Date: 20190131
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
Process_Date: 20200908
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
