Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Patrick L. Barnard Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Kai A. Parker Originator: Jennifer A. Thomas Originator: Amy C. Foxgrover Originator: Andrea C. O’Neill Originator: Norberto C. Nadal-Caraballo Originator: Chris Massey Originator: Madison C. Yawn Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Publication_Date: 20230128 Title: Projections of coastal flood hazards and flood potential for North Carolina and South Carolina Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9W91314 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Patrick L. Barnard Originator: Kevin Befus Originator: Jeffrey J. Danielson Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Amy C. Foxgrover Originator: Matthew W. Hardy Originator: Daniel J. Hoover Originator: Tim Leijnse Originator: Patrick W. Limber Originator: Chris Massey Originator: Robert McCall Originator: Norberto C. Nadal-Caraballo Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Leonard Ohenhen Originator: Andrea C. O’Neill Originator: Kai A. Parker Originator: Manoocher Shirzaei Originator: Xin Su Originator: Jennifer A. Thomas Originator: Maarten van Ormondt Originator: Sean F. Vitousek Originator: Kilian D. Vos Originator: Madison C. Yawn Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Future coastal hazards along the U.S. North and South Carolina coasts Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P9W91314 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Description: Abstract: Projected impacts by compound coastal flood hazards for future sea-level rise (SLR) and storm scenarios are shown for North Carolina and South Carolina. Accompanying uncertainty for each SLR and storm scenario, indicating total uncertainty from model processes and contributing datasets, are illustrated in maximum and minimum flood potential. As described by Nederhoff and others (2024), projections were made using a system of numerical models driven by output from Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and a tropical cyclone database from US Army Corp of Engineers. The resulting data products include detailed flood-hazard maps along the North Carolina and South Carolina coast due to sea level rise and plausible future storm conditions that consider the changing climate, hurricanes, and natural variability. In addition to sea-level rise, flood simulations run by these numerical models included dynamic contributions from tide, storm surge, wind, waves, river discharge, precipitation, and seasonal sea-level fluctuations. Outputs include impacts from combinations of SLR scenarios (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 m) storm conditions including 1-year, 20-year and 100-year return interval storms and a background condition (no storm - astronomic tide and average atmospheric conditions). Purpose: These data are intended for policy makers, resource managers, science researchers, students, and the general public. These projections for future sea-level rise scenarios provide emergency responders and coastal planners with critical hazards information that can be used as a screening tool to increase public safety, mitigate physical damages, and more effectively manage and allocate resources within complex coastal settings. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify and assess possible areas of vulnerability. These data are not intended to be used for navigation. Supplemental_Information: Work was funded by the Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act of 2019 (H.R. 2157) for North Carolina and South Carolina. This work is part of ongoing modeling efforts for the United States. For more information on coastal storm modeling, see https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc/science/coastal-storm-modeling-system-cosmos. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2023 Currentness_Reference: publication year Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.41555 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.44948 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.55215 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.03543 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:fe48822f-f055-4106-82d1-bae59dd2c1b0 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Theme_Keyword: Hazards Planning Theme_Keyword: Ocean Waves Theme_Keyword: Ocean Winds Theme_Keyword: Beaches Theme_Keyword: Erosion Theme_Keyword: Sea Level Rise Theme_Keyword: Storm Surge Theme_Keyword: Extreme Weather Theme_Keyword: Floods Theme_Keyword: Water Depth Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Climate Change Theme_Keyword: Storms Theme_Keyword: Wind Theme_Keyword: Floods Theme_Keyword: Sea-level Change Theme_Keyword: mathematical modeling Theme_Keyword: effects of climate change Theme_Keyword: earth sciences Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: Oceans Theme_Keyword: ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: sea level change Theme_Keyword: waves Theme_Keyword: floods Theme_Keyword: coastal erosion Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: State of North Carolina Place_Keyword: State of South Carolina Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Projections_FloodHazard_NC_SC.png Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map showing area of modelled projections of flood hazards and flood potential for North and South Carolina. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Data_Set_Credit: This data release was funded by the Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act of 2019 (H.R. 2157) for North Carolina and South Carolina. The authors would like to acknowledge the following important contributions: Liv Herdman for help with understanding and accessing the National Water Model (NWM) data; Richard Signell and Daniel Nowacki for crucial python code and troubleshooting help in downloading National Water Model data hosted on Amazon Web Services (AWS); Fernando Salas for sharing route link files for NWM that were crucial in establishing watershed information; Brian Cosgrove and Anthony Guerriero for connecting the authors to Fernando Salas; and Malcolm Roberts for help navigating the CMIP6 tropical cyclone tracking products, providing additional information and access to them, and helpful discussions on research. Additionally, authors would like to extend special thanks to USGS colleagues for a detailed review of the projections: Amy Farris, Rachel Henderson, Kathy Weber, Justin Birchler, Alex Seymour, Sharifa Karwandyar, Matt Hardy, and Josh Pardun. Native_Data_Set_Environment: The datasets were created in a Windows 11 Operating system, using Matlab v2020, ArcGIS 10.8.1 and 10.8.8, and python 3.7. Results were output and saved as vector shapefiles. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: K. Nederhoff Originator: T. Leijnse Originator: K.A. Parker Originator: J.A. Thomas Originator: A.C. O'Neill Originator: M. van Ormondt Originator: R. McCall Originator: L.H. Erikson Originator: P.L. Barnard Originator: A.C. Foxgrover Originator: W. Klessens Originator: N.C. Nadal-Caraballo Originator: C. Massey Publication_Date: 2024 Title: Tropical cyclones or extratropical storms: what drives the compound flood hazard, impact and risk for the United States Southeast Atlantic coast? Other_Citation_Details: Nederhoff, K., Leijnse, T., Parker, K.A., Thomas, J.A., O'Neill, A.C., van Ormondt, M., McCall, R., Erikson, L.H., Barnard, P.L., Foxgrover, A.C., Klessens W., Nadal-Caraballo, N.C., and Massey, C., 2024, Tropical cyclones or extratropical storms: what drives the compound flood hazard, impact and risk for the United States Southeast Atlantic coast?: Natural Hazards, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06552-x. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06552-x Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: N.C. Nadal-Caraballo Originator: M.O. Campbell Originator: V.M. Gonzalez Originator: M.J. Torres Originator: J.A. Melby Originator: A.A. Taflanidis Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Coastal Hazards System: A Probabilistic Coastal Hazard Analysis Framework Other_Citation_Details: Nadal-Caraballo, N. C., Campbell, M. O., Gonzalez, V. M., Torres, M. J., Melby, J. A., and Taflanidis, A. A., 2020, Coastal Hazards System: A Probabilistic Coastal Hazard Analysis Framework, Journal of Coastal Research, 95, 1211, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI95-235.1 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2112/SI95-235.1 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: R.J. Haarsma Originator: M.J. Roberts Originator: P.L. Vidale Originator: C.A. Senior Originator: A. Bellucci Originator: Q. Bao Originator: P. Chang Originator: S. Corti Originator: N.S. Fučkar Originator: V. Guemas Originator: J. von Hardenberg Originator: W. Hazeleger Originator: C. Kodama Originator: T. Koenigk Originator: L. R. Leung Originator: J. Lu Originator: J.J. Luo Originator: J. Mao Originator: M.S. Mizielinski Originator: R. Mizuta Originator: P. Nobre Originator: M. Satoh Originator: E. Scoccimarro Originator: T. Semmler Originator: J. Small Originator: J.S. von Storch Publication_Date: 2016 Title: High resolution model intercomparison project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6 Other_Citation_Details: Haarsma, R.J., Roberts, M.J., Vidale, P.L., Senior, C.A., Bellucci, A., Bao, Q., Chang, P., Corti, S., Fučkar, N.S., Guemas, V., von Hardenberg, J., Hazeleger, W., Kodama, C., Koenigk, T., Leung, L. R., Lu, J., Luo, J. J., Mao, J., Mizielinski, M.S., Mizuta, R., Nobre, P., Satoh, M., Scoccimarro, E., Semmler, T., Small, J., and von Storch, J.S., 2016, High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6, Geoscientific Model Development, 9, 4185–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016, 2016. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Natural Resources Conservation Service Publication_Date: 1985 Title: National Engineering Handbook Other_Citation_Details: Natural Resources Conservation Service, 1985, Hydrology, in, Natural Resources Conservation Service, 1985, National Engineering Handbook: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Online_Linkage: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detailfull/national/water/manage/hydrology/?cid=stelprdb1043063 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Tim Leijnse Originator: Maarten van Ormondt Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Ap van Dongeren Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Modeling compound flooding in coastal systems using a computationally efficient reduced-physics solver: Including fluvial, pluvial, tidal, wind- and wave-driven processes Other_Citation_Details: Leijnse, T., van Ormondt, M., Nederhoff, K., and van Dongeren, A., 2021, Modeling compound flooding in coastal systems using a computationally efficient reduced-physics solver: Including fluvial, pluvial, tidal, wind- and wave-driven processes, Coastal Engineering, v. 163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103796 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103796 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Attribute values are model-derived extents of flood projections, ponding areas, and maximum/minimum flood potential (flood uncertainty) due to plausible sea-level rise and future storm conditions and therefore cannot be validated against observations. The projections were generated using the latest downscaled climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Logical_Consistency_Report: Data have undergone quality checks and meet standards. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented (as described in the abstract). Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Data are concurrent with topobathymetric DEM locations. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Model-derived data are accurate within the flood potential layers (uncertainty bounds), indicative of total uncertainty from elevation data sources, model processes and contributing data, and vertical land motion. This value is spatially variable and dependent on scenario. See Process Steps for details on total contributions to uncertainty. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Malcolm Roberts Publication_Date: 2019 Title: MOHC HadGEM3-GC31-HH model output prepared for CMIP6 HighResMIP highres-future Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Earth System Grid Federation Online_Linkage: http://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.5982 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2019 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: HadGEM3-GC31-HH Source_Contribution: Wind velocities, sea level pressure, and precipitation output were used as boundary conditions for the SFINCS model. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Malcolm Roberts Publication_Date: 2019 Title: MOHC HadGEM3-GC31-HM model output prepared for CMIP6 HighResMIP highres-future Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Earth System Grid Federation Online_Linkage: http://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.5984 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2019 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: HadGEM3-GC31-HM Source_Contribution: Wind velocities, sea level pressure, and precipitation output were used as boundary conditions for the SFINCS model. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Malcolm Roberts Publication_Date: 2017 Title: MOHC HadGEM3-GC31-HM-SST model output prepared for CMIP6 HighResMIP highresSST-present Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Earth System Grid Federation Online_Linkage: http://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.6024 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2017 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: HadGEM3-GC31-HM-SST Source_Contribution: The SST variant of HadGEM, wind velocities, sea level pressure, and precipitation output were used as boundary conditions for the SFINCS model. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: EC-Earth Consortium Publication_Date: 2019 Title: EC-Earth-Consortium EC-Earth3P-HR model output prepared for CMIP6 HighResMIP highres-future Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Earth System Grid Federation Online_Linkage: http://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.4912 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2019 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: EC-Earth3P-HR Source_Contribution: Wind velocities, sea level pressure, and precipitation output were used as boundary conditions for the SFINCS model. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Aurore Voldoire Publication_Date: 2019 Title: CNRM-CERFACS CNRM-CM6-1-HR model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP ssp585 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Earth System Grid Federation Online_Linkage: http://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.4225 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2019 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CNRM-CM6-1-HR Source_Contribution: Wind velocities, sea level pressure, and precipitation output were used as boundary conditions for the SFINCS model. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Huan Guo Originator: Jasmin G. John Originator: Chris Blanton Originator: Colleen McHugh Originator: Serguei Nikonov Originator: Aparna Radhakrishnan Originator: Kristopher Rand Originator: Niki T. Zadeh Originator: V. Balaji Originator: Jeff Durachta Originator: Christopher Dupuis Originator: Raymond Menzel Originator: Thomas Robinson Originator: Seth Underwood Originator: Hans Vahlenkamp Originator: Krista A. Dunne Originator: Paul P.G. Gauthier Originator: Paul Ginoux Originator: Stephen M. Griffies Originator: Robert Hallberg Originator: Matthew Harrison Originator: William Hurlin Originator: Pu Lin Originator: Sergey Malyshev Originator: Vaishali Naik Originator: Fabien Paulot Originator: David J. Paynter Originator: Jeffrey Ploshay Originator: Daniel M. Schwarzkopf Originator: Charles J. Seman Originator: Andrew Shao Originator: Levi Silvers Originator: Bruce Wyman Originator: Xiaoqin Yan Originator: Yujin Zeng Originator: Alistair Adcroft Originator: John P. Dunne Originator: Isaac M. Held Originator: John P. Krasting Originator: Larry W. Horowitz Originator: Chris Milly Originator: Elena Shevliakova Originator: Michael Winton Originator: Ming Zhao Originator: Rong Zhang Publication_Date: 2018 Title: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NOAA-GFDL GFDL-CM4 model output prepared for CMIP6 ScenarioMIP ssp585 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Earth System Grid Federation Online_Linkage: http://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.9268 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2018 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: GFDL-CMC4C192 Source_Contribution: Wind velocities, sea level pressure, and precipitation output were used as boundary conditions for the SFINCS model. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Enrico Scoccimarro Originator: Alessio Bellucci Originator: Daniele Peano Publication_Date: 2017 Title: CMCC CMCC-CM2-VHR4 model output prepared for CMIP6 HighResMIP Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Earth System Grid Federation Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.22033/ESGF/CMIP6.1367 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2017 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CMCC-CM2-VHR4 Source_Contribution: Wind velocities, sea level pressure, and precipitation output were used as boundary conditions for the SFINCS model. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Sanne Muis Originator: Maialen I. Apecechea Originator: José A. Álvarez Originator: Martin Verlaan Originator: Kun Yan Originator: Job Dullaart Originator: Jeroen Aerts Originator: Trang Duong Originator: Rosh Ranasinghe Originator: Dewi le Bars Originator: Rein Haarsma Originator: Malcolm Roberts Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Global water level change indicators from 1950 to 2050 derived from HighResMIP climate projections Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: netCDF files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS) Online_Linkage: https://cds-dev.copernicus-climate.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/sis-water-level-change-cmip6-indicators?tab=overview Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2021 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: GTSM Source_Contribution: obtained nearshore water levels for SFINCS input Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Publication_Date: 2021 Title: Historic Water Levels Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: csv Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: NOAA Online_Linkage: https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/stations.html?type=Historic+Water+Levels Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20210101 Source_Currentness_Reference: date data were accessed Source_Citation_Abbreviation: historical NOAA water levels Source_Contribution: model testing Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: D. J. Tyler Originator: W.M. Cushing Originator: Jeff J. Danielson Originator: S. Poppenga Originator: S. Beverly Originator: R. Shogib Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Topobathymetric Model of the Coastal Carolinas, 1851 to 2020 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MPA8K0 Type_of_Source_Media: digital dataset Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1851 Ending_Date: 2020 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM1 Source_Contribution: digital elevation data used for model input Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Publication_Date: 2016 Title: 2016 USGS Coastal National Elevation Database (CoNED) Topobathymetric Model (1859-2015): Chesapeake Bay Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: NOAA Online_Linkage: https://chs.coast.noaa.gov/htdata/raster2/elevation/Chesapeake_Coned_update_DEM_2016_8656/ Type_of_Source_Media: digital dataset Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1859 Ending_Date: 2015 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM2 Source_Contribution: digital elevation data used for model input Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Web Soil Survey, STATSGO2 Database Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: United States Department of Agriculture Online_Linkage: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/geo/?cid=nrcs142p2_053629 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2022 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NRCS Source_Contribution: soil infiltration rates for precipitation Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20210604 Title: National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2016 Land Cover Conterminous United States Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: geoTIFF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium Online_Linkage: https://www.mrlc.gov/data/nlcd-2016-land-cover-conus Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2021 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NLCD 2016 Source_Contribution: land cover Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Li Erikson Originator: Liv Herdman Originator: Chris Flanary Originator: Anita Engelstad Originator: Prasad Pusuluri Originator: Patrick Barnard Originator: Curt Storlazzi Originator: Mike Beck Originator: Borja Reguero Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Ocean wave time-series simulated with a global-scale numerical wave model under the influence of projected CMIP6 wind and sea ice fields Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KR0RFM Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2022 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: WW3 Source_Contribution: projected wave data Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kai A. Parker Originator: Li Erikson Originator: Jennifer A. Thomas Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Tim Leijnse Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Nearshore parametric wave setup hindcast data (1979-2019) for North Carolina and South Carolina coasts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: csv files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: United States Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2023 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: waveSetup_hindc Source_Contribution: provided wave setup for the hindcast period Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kai A. Parker Originator: Li Erikson Originator: Jennifer A. Thomas Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Tim Leijnse Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Nearshore parametric wave setup future projections (2020-2050) for North Carolina and South Carolina coasts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: csv files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: United States Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2023 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: waveSetup_proj Source_Contribution: provided wave setup for the projection period Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kai A. Parker Originator: Li Erikson Originator: Jennifer A. Thomas Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Tim Leijnse Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Nearshore water level, tide and non-tidal residual hindcasts (1979-2016) for North Carolina and South Carolina coasts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: csv files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: United States Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2023 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: waterLevel_hindc Source_Contribution: provided water levels, tides, and non-tidal residuals for the hindcast period Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kai A. Parker Originator: Li Erikson Originator: Jennifer A. Thomas Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Tim Leijnse Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Nearshore water level, tide and non-tidal residual projections (2016-2050) for North Carolina and South Carolina coasts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: csv files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: United States Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2023 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: waterLevel_proj Source_Contribution: provided water levels, tides, and non-tidal residuals for the projection period Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Y. Xia Originator: M. Mitchell Originator: J. Ek Originator: B. Sheffield Originator: E. Cosgrove Originator: L. Wood Originator: C. Luo Originator: H. Alonge Originator: J. Wei Originator: B. Meng Originator: D. Livneh Originator: V. Lettenmaier Originator: Q. Koren Originator: K. Mo Duan Originator: Y. Fan Originator: D. Mocko Publication_Date: 2009 Title: North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) Primary Forcing Data L4 Hourly 0.125 x 0.125 degree V002 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GRIB files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) Online_Linkage: https://10.5067/6J5LHHOHZHN4 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2009 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NLDAS Source_Contribution: historic precipitation used to compare to NWM streamflow Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Yan Y. Liu Originator: David R. Maidment Originator: David G. Tarboton Originator: Xing Zheng Originator: Ahmet Yildirim Originator: Nazmus S. Sazib Originator: Shaowen Wang Publication_Date: 2016 Title: NFIE Continental Flood Inundation Mapping - Data Repository Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: shapefiles Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: University of Texas Online_Linkage: https://web.corral.tacc.utexas.edu/nfiedata/ Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20201007 Source_Currentness_Reference: time when data were accessed Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NFIE Source_Contribution: shapefiles providing stream reach ID locations Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Publication_Date: 2020 Title: The NOAA National Water Model Retrospective dataset, V.2.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: zarr Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: aws Online_Linkage: https://registry.opendata.aws/nwm-archive Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20201231 Source_Currentness_Reference: date data were accessed Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NWM Source_Contribution: used to establish projected river/fluvial discharge Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Manoocher Shirzaei Originator: Leonard Ohenhen Originator: Matthew W. Hardy Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Vertical land motion rates for the years 2007 to 2021 for North Carolina and South Carolina coasts Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: csv files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: United States Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2023 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: VLM Source_Contribution: provided vertical land motion for uncertainty calculations Process_Step: Process_Description: All processes and methods are outlined in Nederhoff and others (2024); please refer to that for more information beyond the summary in this document. To generate time-series of forcings for coastal flooding models in order to map future coastal flooding hazards along the south Atlantic United States coast due to sea level rise and plausible future storm conditions that consider the changing climate, hurricanes, and natural variability, we gathered available atmospheric forcing data (specifically precipitation, sea-level pressure, and near-surface wind for this study) from CMIP6 Global Climate Models (GCM). At the time of this study, only products for Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 for the projected time-period 2020-2050 were available and used. Output was gathered for specific High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) experiments: HadGEM3-GC31, EC-Earth3P-HR, CNRM-CM6-1-HR, GFDL-CMC4C192 and CMCC-CM2-VHR4 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: HadGEM3-GC31-HH, HadGEM3-GC31-HM, HadGEM3-GC31-HM-SST, EC-Earth3P-HR, CNRM-CM6-1-HR, GFDL-CMC4C192 and CMCC-CM2-VHR4 Process_Date: 20200501 Process_Step: Process_Description: We analyzed multi-model trends in future (2020-2050) tropical cyclone climatology depicted in GCMs throughout the study area (Nederhoff and others, 2024). This included detailed comparisons to historical runs in probability functions of tropical cyclone sea-level pressure, propagation speed and maximum wind speed throughout the study area, to highlight future changes in tropical cyclone characteristics by geographical position Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: HadGEM3-GC31-HH, HadGEM3-GC31-HM, HadGEM3-GC31-HM-SST, EC-Earth3P-HR, CNRM-CM6-1-HR, GFDL-CMC4C192 and CMCC-CM2-VHR4 Process_Date: 20201215 Process_Step: Process_Description: We obtained Global Surge and Tide Model (GTSM) output (run for all aforementioned CMIP6 experiments’ sea-level pressure and wind) for nearshore water levels for projected period 2016-2050, and historical period (1976-2015). As described in Nederhoff and others (2024), we conducted initial comparisons of datasets and analysis of extreme water level changes, before preparing data for use in following process steps. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: GTSM Process_Date: 20201215 Process_Step: Process_Description: As described by Nederhoff and others (2024), we tested the Super-Fast Inundation of CoastS model (SFINCS; Leijnse and others, 2021) resolutions and computational efficiency. Determined running the SFINCS at 200 m spatial resolution, with sub-gridding was optimum for this study, providing balance between fast simulations and accuracy of coastal water levels (tested for Hurricane Florence,14 September 2018, with historical NOAA water levels). The study area was covered by three rectilinear SFINCS domains, aligned shore-normal for each respective area, with the offshore boundary as the nearshore GTSM output locations. Model boundaries extend outside the study area to encompass and include necessary hydrodynamics. Elevation for the SFINCS domains was extracted from the corresponding DEMs in the region and resampled from 1 meter resolution to the SFINCS model's computational grid. SFINCS simulations were run with soil infiltration rates derived using the Curve Number Method (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1985) to capture absorption/run-off of precipitation in the model. Curve Numbers were derived using the National Land Classification Dataset (NLCD 2016) and the Digital General Soil Map of the United States (NRCS). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA water levels, DEM1, DEM2 Process_Date: 20210115 Process_Step: Process_Description: We conducted initial comparisons of WW3 data for projections (run with wind conditions for all aforementioned CMIP6 experiments) at the 15-20 m isobath and analysis of extreme nearshore wave changes, before preparing data for use in following process steps. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: WW3 Process_Date: 20210228 Process_Step: Process_Description: Hindcasted water levels were compared to NOAA tide station observations and were used to guide any necessary bias corrections (see the Nearshore water level, tide and non-tidal residual projections (2016-2050) and hindcasts (1979-2016) for North Carolina and South Carolina datasets, also available in this data release). Bias corrections were applied to the projected water levels. See Nederhoff and others (2024) for more details. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: waterLevel_hindc, waterLevel_proj Process_Date: 20210301 Process_Step: Process_Description: In collaboration with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), we used a synthetic database available from Nadal-Caraballo and others (2020) of approximately 1,200 tropical cyclone events to establish a baseline of boundary conditions for tropical storms. As described in Nederhoff and others (2024), changes in tropical storm parameters, computed from the previous tropical cyclone analysis comparing GCM data for historical to future periods, were used to shift the hazard curves to represent future cyclone conditions and changes in frequency of occurrence and magnitude. Process_Date: 20210531 Process_Step: Process_Description: We derived future time-series data of river/fluvial discharge through the study area for 48 rivers, using the relationship between historical NLDAS precipitation and NWM reanalysis data and applying it to future GCM precipitation output (Nederhoff and others, 2024). The upstream watershed of each of the 48 rivers was identified from the network of river reach IDs used by the NWM (NFIE). Historical precipitation (1993-2018) over each individual watershed was used for each respective river. Future discharge was then estimated by applying future GCM precipitation data (2020-2050) over watersheds and using the established relationships between historical precipitation/pluvial rates and discharge. When no precipitation was projected in data, baseline river discharge rates (from NWM historical periods) were used. An additional river time series consisted solely of its historical baseline discharge, due to its watershed being too small for this process. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NLDAS, NWM, NFIE Process_Date: 20211101 Process_Step: Process_Description: Using the GTSM output and computed wave setup, we identified extreme water levels along the open coast and associated fluvial inputs and precipitation for extreme coastal water elevation events. As described by Nederhoff and others (2024), the largest coastal storm events (from GTSM storm tide and wave setup) of each GCM were identified, equivalent to an average of the largest 5 storms per year. The overland flow model (SFINCS) was run for all anomalously high-water level events (top 150 from each contributing GCM, plus all tropical cyclone events from USACE) with each event’s commensurate GTSM coastal water levels, wave setup, SLR, point-source river discharge (at each river), and precipitation data fields included as forcing for the simulation Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: GTSM, waterLevel_proj, waterLevel_proj, waveSetup_hindc, waveSetup_proj Process_Date: 20210615 Process_Step: Process_Description: Detailed quality control was conducted for test outputs from the model system. After identifying initial sources of error, all simulations were rerun. Process_Date: 20211101 Process_Step: Process_Description: Return period (RP) statistics (1/20/100-year storm, or no storm/daily average conditions) were calculated per grid cell for each SLR scenario to yield a composited raster of water levels for each SLR and storm combination (Nederhoff and others, 2024). With each composited raster, by RP and SLR, a depth threshold of 5 cm (at native 200-m scale of SFINCS computational grid) was used to preserve legitimate flood projections in high-relief areas. Raster outputs were run through an iterative function (in Matlab) to identify cells connected to coastally driven flooding (such as, physically connected to contiguous coastal flood surface and ocean). For cells not connected to coastal flooding, output was labeled "ponding", to signify vulnerability to flood hazards driven by river discharge or precipitation. Water levels/elevations in each cell were then depth-differenced to underlying DEM data (sub-sampled to horizontal resolution of 10 m) to resolve fine-scale features in coastal flood hazards and ponding areas, as well as return corresponding water depth information. Water depths were only calculated for areas identified as coastal flooding (not ponding), as that was the focus of the study. Uncertainty was calculated as a sum of contributions, including DEM uncertainty (35 cm), projected vertical land motion (VLM) based on SLR (spatially variable per SLR scenario), and uncertainty with the model and model processes (spatially variable, derived from water level return-period curves at each grid point, dependent on scenario). This total uncertainty is applied to the final water elevation and extrapolated outward to depict the maximum and minimum potential flood area considering total uncertainty (labeled as ‘flood potential’). Water depths are accurate within these bounds. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: VLM, DEM1, DEM2 Process_Date: 20220115 Process_Step: Process_Description: Data from all domains were merged to make geoTIFFs of the originating rasters for each data layer (coastal flood hazard, ponding, and maximum/minimum flood potential). The geoTIFFs were exported as shapefiles from ArcMap for all combinations of seven SLRs (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 m), 3 storms (1-year, 20-year, and 100-year return period coastal events), and the non-storm condition for a total of 28 scenarios. Final shapefiles were separated by state (Projections_FloodHazards_*STATE*.zip) for file-size considerations. Shapefiles are further organized by storm scenario (’RP’), with flood hazards and ponding under one directory, and flood potential in another directory. Shapefiles depicting the study-area boundary are also included (FloodHazard_boundaries_NC_SC.zip). Process_Date: 20220126 Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata was modified to include doi# and full citation for Nederhoff and others (2024) Cross Reference. No data information was changed. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. Process_Date: 20230313 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Susan A Cochran Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060-5792 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 460-7545 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Edits were made to correct spelling in authors names and to add final citation information to a Cross_Reference. No data were changed. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata date of this file to any similar file to ensure they are using the most recent version. (scochran@usgs.gov) Process_Date: 20230516 Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata was modified to include updated doi# and full citation for Nederhoff and others (2024) Cross Reference. No data information was changed. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. (pcmsc_data@usgs.gov) Process_Date: 20240522 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 17 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81.00000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00000 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.00 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 10 Ordinate_Resolution: 10 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: GCS WGS 1984 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.00 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Depth_Resolution: 0.01 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Zip files contained in this part of the data release include projected flood hazards [Projections_FloodHazards_*STATE*.zip] and boundaries of study area [FloodHaz_ModelOutput_Boundary_NC.zip and FloodHaz_ModelOutput_Boundary_SC.zip] shapefiles containing single-polygon projected extents of flood hazard, ponding, maximum flooding potential, minimum flooding potential, and boundaries of North and South Carolina study area The data contain projections of coastally driven flood extent (‘flood_hazards’), areas vulnerable to flooding but not hydrologically connected to coastal flooding (‘ponding’), and the minimum and maximum potential flood extent given total uncertainty (‘min_potential’ and ‘max_potential’). Shapefiles represent the given hazard associated with the sea-level rise and storm condition indicated. Storm condition return periods cover background conditions (RP000), once-a-year on average storms (RP001), every 20 years on average (RP20) and every 100 years on average (RP100) storms. Shapefile names reflect the area of the projection (state), the attribute of the shapefile, the sea level rise (SLR) scenario (in centimeters) and the return period (RP) of storm conditions. SLR scenarios range from no SLR (SLR000) to a SLR of 300 cm (SLR300). Files are grouped by state, containing all SLR, RP and output files. For example, Projections_FloodHazards_NC.zip, contains all output for North Carolina, within which NC_flood_hazard_SLR200_RP100 illustrates the flood extents for a sea level rise of 200 cm (2 m) during a 100-year storm in the state. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available as zip files by state for which [FloodHazards_*STATE*.zip] is the filename, where *STATE* can be either North Carolina (NC) or South Carolina (SC). Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1 Format_Specification: Esri polygon shapefile Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains the flood hazard polygon shapefiles for North Carolina File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 11000.00 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1 Format_Specification: Esri polygon shapefile Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains the flood hazard polygon shapefiles for South Carolina File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 594.8 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1 Format_Specification: Esri polygon shapefile Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains the flood hazard study area boundary shapefile for NC File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 0.2 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 10.8.1 Format_Specification: Esri polygon shapefile Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains the flood hazard study area boundary shapefile for SC File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 0.1 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W91314 Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20240523 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998