SeanPaul M. La Selle Alan R. Nelson Robert C. Witter Guy Gelfenbaum Jason S. Padgett Bruce E. Jaffe 20240417 comma-delimited text data release DOI: 10.5066/P9M86S7D Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M86S7D SeanPaul M. La Selle Alan R. Nelson Robert C. Witter Jason S. Padgett Bruce E. Jaffe Guy Gelfenbaum 2024 data release DOI: 10.5066/P9M86S7D Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation: La Selle, S.M., Nelson, A.R., Witter, R.C., Padgett, J.S., Jaffe, B.E., Gelfenbaum, G., 2024, Tsunami deposit data and sediment transport models from the Salmon River, central Oregon coast: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M86S7D. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M86S7D This portion of the data release provides the spatial thickness distribution of sandy deposits inferred to have been deposited at the Salmon River, OR by a circa 1700 CE tsunami. Data were collected by describing hand-operated gouge cores at 129 sites in 2017 and 2018, and supplemented by 114 core descriptions from 1987 (Nelson and others, 2004). In the absence of detailed historical records of tsunami inundation along the Cascadia subduction zone, the geologic evidence of such events can be used to reconstruct the size and slip distribution of prehistoric earthquakes and tsunamis. The tsunami deposit thickness data presented in this portion of the data release can be used to infer the minimum inundation extent of a ca. 1700 CE tsunami and can be used to test models of earthquake rupture and tsunami sediment transport. Additional information about the field activity or activities from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-643-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-625-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 19870902 20180515 ground condition at time data were collected Complete None planned -123.99883 -122.97704 45.03989 45.023606 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:fd531723-31bf-4671-a2b3-1e19bbffb979 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation Data Categories for Marine Planning Substrate USGS Thesaurus tsunami sediment transport deposit Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords sediment Global Positioning System observations None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program CMHRP Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Geographic Names Information System Salmon River Lincoln County State of Oregon None USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov deposit_preview.jpg Photo of the buried soil, tsunami sand, and post-tsunami tidal silt from a core in the Salmon River estuary, OR. JPG Microsoft Windows 10 running Microsoft Excel SeanPaul M. La Selle Alan R. Nelson Robert C. Witter Guy Gelfenbaum Jason S. Padgett Bruce E. Jaffe 2024 La Selle, S.M., Nelson, A.R., Witter, R.C., Gelfenbaum, G., Padgett, J.S., and Jaffe, B.E., 2024, Testing megathrust rupture models using tsunami deposits: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JF007444. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JF007444 J. Troels-Smith 1955 Troels-Smith, J., 1955, Karakterisering af lo se jordarter (Characterisation of Unconsolidated Sediments): Geologiske Undersogelse, v. 3, p. 39-73. https://doi.org/10.34194/raekke4.v3.6989 Alan R. Nelson 2015 West Sussex, UK Wiley-Blackwell Nelson, A.R., 2015, Chapter 4: Coastal Sediments: Handbook of Sea-level Research. Wiley-Blackwell https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118452547.ch4 No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. The locations of sites from 2017 and 2018 were determined using a Garmin etrex 30x handheld global satellite navigation system (GNSS) receiver capable of receiving wide area augmentation system (WAAS) signals. The manufacturer reported accuracy for horizontal positions is 3-5 m while receiving WAAS signals. Positional accuracy from the georeferenced 1987 cores is assumed to be worse than 5 m, due to errors in triangulation and digital georeferencing. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted, nor were they applicable for this dataset. Alan R. Nelson Andrew C. Asquith Wendy C. Grant 2004 Raster Digital online Seismological Society of America https://doi.org/10.1785/012003210 Hardcopy Resources (photographs and photocopied field notes). 19870902 19880901 ground condition at time data were collected Nelson and others, (2004) Legacy core locations and descriptions Legacy core locations and descriptions collected by Wendy G. Walter in 1987 and published in Nelson and others, (2004) were georeferenced and reanalyzed to extract tsunami deposit thicknesses and the presence or absence of a buried soil horizon. Original core locations were determined through triangulation and annotated onto aerial photos. These photos were georeferenced in a geographic information system to determine the latitude and longitude for each site. Uncertainty in the 1987 core locations is unknown but assumed to be greater than the positional accuracy of GNSS-derived positions. The 1987 core descriptions note the depth of sandy layers and buried soil horizons that were originally interpreted to be from the 26 January, 1700 earthquake and tsunami. Nelson and others, (2004) 20170601 The USGS collected cores from the Salmon River estuary in 2017 and 2018. Cores were described in the field and the presence or absence of a buried soil horizon was noted. Stratigraphy was described using the sediment classification schemes outlined in Troels-Smith (1955) and Nelson (2015). If present, depths and thicknesses of the sand layer immediately above the buried soil horizon were recorded. At the far inland extent of the sandy tsunami deposits, where the visually estimated bulk grain size of the deposit was a mixture of very fine sand and silt, only sandy lamina 1 mm or greater in thickness were identifiable as sandy deposits. 20180515 Point 0.00001 0.00001 Decimal degrees WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.0 298.257223563 salmonriver_thickness.csv Comma Separated Value (.csv) file containing sandy deposit thickness data. producer defined field_activity_number Field Activity Number. Data collected in 1987 and 1988 were not associated with a unique field activity number, indicated by “nan”. producer defined Unique identifier for the U.S. Geological Survey field activity. site_id For USGS collected data (2017-2018): Name of site in LocalityYear-CoreID format, where LocalityYear is the first two letters of the field locality (SR = Salmon River) followed by the 2-digit year (17 = 2017, 18 = 2018), and core ID is the unique name given to a core. For non-USGS collected data (1987-1988): Name of site in LocalityCoreID format, where LocalityYear is the first two letters of the field locality (SR = Salmon River) and core ID is the unique name given to a core. producer defined Unique identifier for the sample used given in the field site_type Type of coring device used to collect sediment and determine sand bed thicknesses. producer defined 30 mm gouge 30 mm gouge cores are side-filling hand-operated peat-coring augers that are 100 cm and long and 30 mm in diameter. producer defined 60 mm gouge 60 mm gouge cores are side-filling hand-operated peat-coring augers that are 100 cm and long and 60 mm in diameter. producer defined cut bank Cutbanks are sites along tidal channels that expose the site stratigraphy without having to dig or core. producer defined Russian core Russian cores are side-filling hand operated peat-coring augers with a flap that traps sediment and are 50 cm long and 60 mm in diameter. producer defined latitude Latitude of site, in decimal degrees. producer defined 45.02361 45.03989 longitude Longitude of site, in decimal degrees. producer defined -123.99883 -123.9645 date_collected Date on which stratigraphy at the site was observed in yyyy-mm-dd format. producer defined 1987-09-02 2018-05-15 sand_top_depth_cm The depth in centimeters from the surface to the top of the circa 1700 CE sandy tsunami deposit. Blank values indicate the absence of the sand. producer defined 20 98 sand_top_depth_cm The depth in centimeters from the surface to the bottom of the circa 1700 CE sandy tsunami deposit. Blank values indicate the absence of the sand. producer defined 24 98.1 sand_thickness_cm The thickness in centimeters of the circa 1700 CE sandy tsunami deposit. producer defined 0 19.5 subsidence_contact_present Boolean (1 = yes, 0 = no). producer defined 0 1 The first line of the csv file is a header line. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060 1-831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov The thickness of the most recent sandy tsunami deposits in the Salmon River estuary are provided in a comma-separated-value (.csv) file. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Comma delimited text A Comma Separated Value (.csv) file containing the locations, depths, and thicknesses of sandy tsunami deposits in the Salmon River estuary, OR. none 0.0156 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M86S7D Data and metadata can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name links and scrolling down to the "Environmental Data" section. None 20240420 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998