SeanPaul M. La Selle Alan R. Nelson Robert C. Witter Guy Gelfenbaum Jason S. Padgett Bruce E. Jaffe 20240417 text data release DOI:10.5066/P9M86S7D Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M86S7D SeanPaul M. La Selle Alan R. Nelson Robert C. Witter Jason S. Padgett Bruce E. Jaffe Guy Gelfenbaum 2024 data release DOI:10.5066/P9M86S7D Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested Citation: La Selle, S.M., Nelson, A.R., Witter, R.C., Padgett, J.S., Jaffe, B.E., Gelfenbaum, G., 2024, Tsunami deposit data and sediment transport models from the Salmon River, central Oregon coast: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M86S7D. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M86S7D This portion of the USGS data release describes the Delft3D-FLOW model application for propagating simulated tsunamis from 15 hypothetical earthquake sources of the Cascadia Subduction Zone through a series of nested grids to modeling tsunami sediment transport in the Salmon River estuary, OR. Input files necessary to run the Delft3D-FLOW model are provided. The model application was constructed using Delft3D-FLOW. Zip files containing model setup data are provided for each of the nested hydrodynamic grids at 1650 m, 400 m, and 50 m horizontal resolution. The fully three-dimensional sediment transport model at about 10 m resolution contains boundary condition files from the nested hydrodynamic grids for each of the earthquake scenarios, as well as bathymetry files reflecting different amounts of coseismic subsidence associated with the earthquake scenarios and adjusted to either Mean Low Water (MLW) hindcast for the 1700 CE earthquake or Mean Higher High Water (MHHW). Each zip file contains an example model run for the DOGAMI L3 earthquake source on each respective grid. These examples can be used as templates to run the other earthquake scenarios that are provided. Numerical models of tsunami propagation from simulated Cascadia subduction zone earthquake rupture models were used to derive boundary conditions for a coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport model of the Salmon River estuary, Oregon. Modeled tsunami erosion and deposition at the Salmon River estuary can be compared to the observed distribution of sandy tsunami deposits from the circa 1700 CE tsunami to test earthquake source models. Additional information about the field activities from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-643-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-625-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20170717 20231215 ground condition at time data were collected Complete None Planned -126.59421 -122.32407 46.95693 41.49609 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:050db933-7791-48dc-b61a-877a06fee676 Data Categories for Marine Planning Bathymetry and Elevation USGS Thesaurus sediment transport mathematical simulation earthquakes hazards Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords modeling hydrodynamics None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program CMHRP Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Delft3D ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Salmon River Lincoln County State of Oregon none USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. PCMSC Science Data Coordinator U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 USA 831-427-474 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov salmonriver_delft3d_grids_preview.png a)Delft3D-FLOW hydrodynamic nested grids, with an example of deformation from a hypothetical Cascadia megathrust earthquake scenario. b) The 10 m sediment transport grid PNG Microsoft Windows 10 running Delft3D-FLOW SeanPaul M. La Selle Alan R. Nelson Robert C. Witter Guy Gelfenbaum Jason S. Padgett Bruce E. Jaffe 2024 American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, USA Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface La Selle, S.M., Nelson, A.R., Witter, R.C., Gelfenbaum, G., Padgett, J.S., and Jaffe, B.E., 2024, Testing megathrust rupture models using tsunami deposits: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JF007444. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JF007444 Amante, C. Eakins, B.W. 2009 National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24 https://doi.org/10.7289/V5C8276M Bricker, J. Gibson, S. Takagi, H. Imamura, F. 2015 Elsevier, North Andover, MA, USA Coastal Engineering Journal, v. 57, i. 02 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0578563415500059 Carignan, K.S. Taylor, L.A. Eakins, B.W. Warnken, R.R. Lim, E. Grothe, P.R. 2009 National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-25 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/metadata/geoportal/rest/metadata/item/gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.dem:320/html Deltares 2023 Delft, Netherlands Deltares https://content.oss.deltares.nl/delft3d4/Delft3D-FLOW_User_Manual.pdf Gao, Dawei Wang, Kelin Insua, Tania L. Sypus, Matthew Riedel, Michael Sun, Tianhaozhe 2018 Springer Nature, Berlin, Germany Natural Hazards, v. 94, p. 445-469 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3397-6 Mofjeld, H. Foreman, M. Ruffman, A. 1997 American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, USA Geophysical Research Letters, v. 24, i. 17, p. 2215-2218 https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL02060 van Rijn, L.C. 2007 National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 133, i. 6, p. 668-689 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:6(649) Witter, Robert C. Zhang, Yinglong J. Wang, Kelin Priest, George R. Goldfinger, Chris Stimely, Laura English, John T. Ferro, Paul A. 2013 Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, USA Geosphere, v. 9, i. 6, p. 1783-1803 https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00899.1 No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the metadata for each part of this data release carefully for additional details. A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has either not been conducted or is not applicable. A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has either not been conducted or is not applicable. Delft3D-FLOW hydrodynamic model nested grids and bathymetry were constructed to propagate simulated tsunamis from the region offshore the Oregon coast to the Salmon River estuary. Four grids in total at 1650 m, 400 m, 50 m, and ~10 m grid-cell resolution, respectively, were created. Bathymetric data from two NOAA NCEI products (Amante and Eakins, 2009; Carignan and others , 2009) were converted from spherical to cartesian coordinates (WGS 84/UTM Zone 10 N [EPSG:32610]) and interpolated onto the grids using the grid-cell averaging function in Delft3D-QUICKIN software. 20180105 Static sea surface deformation predicted by the earthquake source models from Witter and others (2013) and Gao and others (2018) were interpolated onto each nested grid using the grid-cell averaging function in the Delft3D-QUICKIN software and used as initial water level conditions in each Delft3D-FLOW model. The boundary condition on the outermost, 1650 m resolution grid is a uniform Riemann-boundary that is weakly reflective to absorb outgoing waves. Boundary conditions along the edges of the 400 m, 50 m, and ~10 m grids were derived from the hydrodynamic results observed in each respective outer nested grid. These hydrodynamic observations were prescribed as Riemann-boundary conditions at six second intervals and generated usingDelft3D nesting functions. The “flood” advection scheme was turned on for all model runs. 20180111 A variable resolution, three-dimensional final nested grid at the Salmon River estuary was used to simulate potential sediment transport resulting from tsunami propagation. Grid cell size is, on average, 10 m, with m and n dimensions ranging from 3 meters to 61 meters. Vertical stratification is represented by 10 vertical “sigma” layers, with increasing resolution towards the bed. Bathymetry and topography in Delft3D depth files were adjusted to account for the coastal subsidence predicted by each earthquake source at the Salmon River. A table relating subsidence to each of the earthquake sources can be found in La Selle and others (2024) or the supplemental file in this section of the data release. For each earthquake source scenario, depth files were also adjusted to represent tsunami arrival at MHHW (2.54 m above NAVD88 at the South Beach, OR tide gauge) or the hindcast low tide at 21:00 Pacific Time on January 26th, 1700 CE, 0.53 m above NAVD88 (Mofjeld and others, 1997). Depth file names reflect the tidal adjustment (either “1700tide” or “MHHW”) and the subsidence adjustment in meters. Time zero in the model runs represents the time of earthquake rupture. We use an arbitrary date and time in DELFT3D-FLOW as time zero (2000-01-01 00:00:00). The 1650 m, 400 m, and 50 m grids are run with a timestep of 0.01 minutes (0.6 seconds), for 180 minutes. The 10 m sediment transport grid was run with a timestep of 0.005 minutes (0.3 seconds), for 60 minutes. The sediment transport models were run for 60 minutes because deposit thicknesses did not change appreciably within the estuary after 60 minutes (La Selle and others, 2024). 20180111 Maps of erodible sand sources and variable surface roughness in the detailed models were generated by classifying 1-m resolution ortho images of the Salmon River estuary taken in July, 2014 by the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). Imagery was auto-classified into water, unvegetated sand, marsh vegetation, and forest using the Spatial Analyst Image Classification tool in ArcGIS desktop 10.6. Roughness values were based on suggestions from Bricker and others (2015). The beach, river channels, and offshore areas were assigned a Manning's n roughness coefficient of 0.025 and an erodible bed thickness of 10 m. Vegetated areas of dunes were assigned a Manning's n coefficient of 0.030 and an erodible bed thickness of 10 m. The marsh surface and forest was assigned 0.040 and the bed was modeled as an unerodible surface. The van Rijn (2007) formulations were selected to represent suspended and bedload transport in Delft3D-FLOW. 20180111 Files need to run Delft3D-FLOW models were compiled into compressed archives for distribution. 20231215 Horizontal coordinates are in the UTM Zone 10 N coordinate system for Delft3D-FLOW model grid files (.grd). The model depth (.dep) files use different vertical datums. The outer nested grids (1650, 400, and 50 meters)are relative to Mean Sea Level (MSL). The 10 m grid is adjusted to MHHW (2.54 m above NAVD88) or the hindcast tide for 21:00 local time 26th January, 1700 CE (0.53 m above NAVD88). The depth files are also adjusted to the predicted coseismic subsidence at the Salmon River estuary from each of the earthquake sources, as indicated by the depth file names. Raster Grid Cell 750 270 10 Universal Transverse Mercator 10 0.9996 -123.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 row and column 78 38 Meter D_North_American_1983 GRS_1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.001 meters Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Compressed .zip archives contain files of various types and formats The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. U.S. Geological Survey - Coastal and Marine Geoscience Datasystem Mailing and Physical Address

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Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Model input files compatible with windows executable of Delft3D-FLOW 4.04.01 (flow version 6.03.00.62434) (Deltares, 2023) are provided in the zip archives “salmonriver_delft3d_1650m.zip”, “salmonriver_delft3d_400m.zip”, “salmonriver_delft3d_50m.zip”, and “salmonriver_delft3d_10m.zip”. Model files for each nested grid are provided with a subfolder containing intial water level (.ini) files representing each earthquake source. For each grid, an example model run representing the "L3" earthquake source is provided in a subfolder. Files for the sediment transport model in the "salmonriver_delft3d_10m.zip" file contains two subfolders. The file directory, “bct_files”, contains boundary conditions files for each earthquake source. The file directory, “dep_files”, contains depth files adjusted to both the hindcast low tide and MHHW as well as the predicted subsidence for all the simulated earthquake sources. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. various Delft3D-FLOW 4.04.01 zipped file folders containing model input files for Delft-3D FLOW 4.04.01 zip 21332.1 https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M86S7D Data may be accessed and downloaded via the Internet by using the Network_Resource_Name link and scrolling to the Simulation Data section. None 20240420 PCMSC Science Data Coordinator U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center mailing and physical

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Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998