Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kai A. Parker Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Originator: Maya K. Hayden Originator: Patrick L. Barnard Originator: Eric E. Grossman Publication_Date: 20251126 Title: Flood depth projections at King County, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P13HYXKY Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13HYXKY Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kai A. Parker Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Originator: Maya K. Hayden Originator: Patrick L. Barnard Originator: Eric E. Grossman Publication_Date: 2025 Title: CoSMoS-Puget Sound Modeled Flood Hazards at King County - Washington Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P13HYXKY Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: Parker, K., Nederhoff, K., Erikson L.H., Engelstad, A.C., Hayden, M.K., Barnard, P.L., and Grossman, E.E., 2025, CoSMoS-Puget Sound Modeled Flood Hazards at King County - Washington: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13HYXKY. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13HYXKY Description: Abstract: Flood depths (meters) associated with coincident compound coastal hazards—specifically sea-level rise (SLR), projected coastal storms, and streamflow—are provided for King County, Washington. The flood depth products are consistent with other data in this release (for example, flood extent and water elevation), supporting integrated coastal hazard assessments for Washington communities. The data are provided as gridded rasters (GeoTIFFs) for 42 storm and SLR combinations (SLR scenarios 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 meters (m) combined with 1-year, 10-year, 20-year, 50-year, and 100-year storm return periods, as well as the background, no storm, conditions). Purpose: This product was created to fulfill the Bureau-wide vision of an integrated, predictive science capability to support Washington communities in building resiliency from natural disasters, sovereignty and self-determination, and emergency response and planning capacity. These data are intended for policy makers, resource managers, science researchers, technical users, students, and the general public. These data are not intended to be used for navigation. Supplemental_Information: This work is one portion of ongoing national modeling efforts. The Coastal Storm Modeling system (CoSMoS) uses several tiers of numerical models to make detailed predictions (meter-scale) of flooding and erosion over large geographic scales. For more information on CoSMoS implementation, see https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc/science/coastal-storm-modeling-system-cosmos Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2025 Currentness_Reference: publication year Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.583957 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.024762 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.819631 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.206286 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:7c76fc7b-aabb-458b-9aab-e17d34fe3412 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Theme_Keyword: Hazards Planning Theme_Keyword: Ocean Waves Theme_Keyword: Ocean Winds Theme_Keyword: Beaches Theme_Keyword: Sea Level Rise Theme_Keyword: Storm Surge Theme_Keyword: Extreme Weather Theme_Keyword: Water Depth Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Climate Change Theme_Keyword: Storms Theme_Keyword: Wind Theme_Keyword: Floods Theme_Keyword: Sea-level Change Theme_Keyword: mathematical modeling Theme_Keyword: effects of climate change Theme_Keyword: earth sciences Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: Oceans Theme_Keyword: ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: sea level change Theme_Keyword: waves Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: State of Washington Place_Keyword: King County Access_Constraints: No access constraints Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: This work was funded by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, King County Department of Natural Resources under Statement of Work 21ZPCOLL210705, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under Statement of Work DW-014-92578201/ EPA-CF-0000007695 to the USGS. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Computation resources were supported by the USGS Advanced Research Computing (Falgout and others, 2024). Native_Data_Set_Environment: The datasets were created in a Windows 11 Operating system, using python 3.12.9. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: R.J. Haarsma Originator: M.J. Roberts Originator: P.L. Vidale Originator: C.A. Senior Originator: A. Bellucci Originator: Q. Bao Originator: P. Chang Originator: S. Corti Originator: N.S. Fučkar Originator: V. Guemas Originator: J. von Hardenberg Originator: W. Hazeleger Originator: C. Kodama Originator: T. Koenigk Originator: L. R. Leung Originator: J. Lu Originator: J.J. Luo Originator: J. Mao Originator: M.S. Mizielinski Originator: R. Mizuta Originator: P. Nobre Originator: M. Satoh Originator: E. Scoccimarro Originator: T. Semmler Originator: J. Small Originator: J.S. von Storch Publication_Date: 2016 Title: High resolution model intercomparison project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6 Other_Citation_Details: Haarsma, R.J., Roberts, M.J., Vidale, P.L., Senior, C.A., Bellucci, A., Bao, Q., Chang, P., Corti, S., Fučkar, N.S., Guemas, V., von Hardenberg, J., Hazeleger, W., Kodama, C., Koenigk, T., Leung, L. R., Lu, J., Luo, J. J., Mao, J., Mizielinski, M.S., Mizuta, R., Nobre, P., Satoh, M., Scoccimarro, E., Semmler, T., Small, J., and von Storch, J.S., 2016, High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6: Geoscientific Model Development, vol. 9, p. 4185–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016, 2016. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4185-2016 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Eric E. Grossman Originator: Babak Tehranirad Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Sean C. Crosby Originator: Andrew W. Stevens Originator: Nathan R. Van Arendonk Originator: Daniel J. Nowacki Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Patrick L. Barnard Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Modeling Extreme Water Levels in the Salish Sea: The Importance of Including Remote Sea Level Anomalies for Application in Hydrodynamic Simulations Other_Citation_Details: Grossman, E. E., Tehranirad, B., Nederhoff, C. M., Crosby, S. C., Stevens, A. W., Van Arendonk, N. R., Nowacki D. J., Erikson, L. H., and Barnard, P. L. (2023). Modeling Extreme Water Levels in the Salish Sea: The Importance of Including Remote Sea Level Anomalies for Application in Hydrodynamic Simulations. Water, 15(23), 4167. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234167 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J.T. Falgout Originator: J. Gordon Originator: B. Williams Originator: M.J. Davis Publication_Date: 2024 Title: USGS Advanced Research Computing, USGS Denali Supercomputer. Other_Citation_Details: Falgout, J.T., Gordon J., Williams B., Davis M. J., USGS Advanced Research Computing, USGS Denali Supercomputer: U.S. Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PSW367 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PSW367 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Sean C. Crosby Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Nathan R. VanArendonk Originator: Eric E. Grossman Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Efficient modeling of wave generation and propagation in a semi-enclosed estuary Other_Citation_Details: Crosby, S. C., Nederhoff, K., VanArendonk, N.R., and Grossman, E.E., 2023, Efficient modeling of wave generation and propagation in a semi-enclosed estuary: Ocean Modeling, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2023.102231. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2023.102231 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kees Nederhoff Originator: Kai Parker Originator: Eric E. Grossman Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Beyond the 100-Year Flood: Probabilistic Flood Hazard Assessment for King and Pierce Counties under Future Climate Scenarios Other_Citation_Details: Nederhoff, K., Parker, K., and Grossman, E., 2025, Beyond the 100-Year Flood: Probabilistic Flood Hazard Assessment for King and Pierce Counties under Future Climate Scenarios: EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4909. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4909 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Joost Buitink Originator: Brendan Dalmijn Originator: Kai Parker Originator: Kees Nederhoff Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Wetter Winters, Drier Summers: Quantifying the change in hydrological response around the Puget Sound area using the wflow_sbm hydrological model and CMIP6 projections Other_Citation_Details: Buitink, J., Dalmijn, B., Parker, K.A., Nederhoff, K. and Grossman, E., 2025, Wetter Winters, Drier Summers: Quantifying the change in hydrological response around the Puget Sound area using the wflow_sbm hydrological model and CMIP6 projections: EarthArXiv [preprint], https://doi.org/10.31223/X58R0G. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.31223/X58R0G Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Attribute values are model-derived water depths due to plausible sea-level rise and future storm conditions and therefore cannot be validated against observations. The projections were generated using the latest downscaled climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Logical_Consistency_Report: Data have undergone quality checks and meet standards. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Data are concurrent with topobathymetric digital elevation model (DEM) locations. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Model-derived data are accurate within published uncertainty bounds, indicative of total uncertainty from elevation data sources and model processes. See Nederhoff and others, 2025 for additional information on vertical accuracy and uncertainty layer development. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: D.J. Tyler Originator: Jeff J. Danielson Originator: Eric E. Grossman Originator: R.J. Hockenberry Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Topobathymetric Model of Puget Sound, Washington, 1887 to 2017 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P95N6CIT Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2020 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM Source_Contribution: DEM Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Li H. Erikson Originator: Liv Herdman Originator: Chris Flanary Originator: Anita C. Engelstad Originator: Prasad Pusuluri Originator: Patrick L. Barnard Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Michael Beck Originator: Borja G. Reguero Originator: Kai A. Parker Publication_Date: 2022 Title: Ocean wave time-series data simulated with a global-scale numerical wave model under the influence historical and projected CMIP6 wind and sea ice fields (ver. 2.0, October 2024) Edition: 2.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KR0RFM Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2022 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CMIP6 Waves Source_Contribution: CMIP6 Waves Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Eric E. Grossman Originator: Babak Tehranirad Originator: Andrew W. Stevens Originator: Nathan R. VanArendonk Originator: Sean Crosby Originator: Kees Nederhoff Publication_Date: 2023 Title: Salish Sea Hydrodynamic Model Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P946SC3L Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2023 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Hydrodynamic Model Source_Contribution: Hydrodynamic Model Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Hans Hersbach Originator: Bill Bell Originator: Paul Berrisford Originator: Shoji Hirahara Originator: András Horányi Originator: Joaquín Muñoz-Sabater Originator: Julien Nicolas Originator: Carole Peubey Originator: Raluca Radu Originator: Dinand Schepers Originator: Adrian Simmons Originator: Cornel Soci Originator: Saleh Abdalla Originator: Xavier Abellan Originator: Gianpaolo Balsamo Originator: Peter Bechtold Originator: Gionata Biavati Originator: Jean Bidlot Originator: Massimo Bonavita Originator: Giovanna De Chiara Originator: Per Dahlgren Originator: Dick Dee Originator: Michail Diamantakis Originator: Rossana Dragani Originator: Johannes Flemming Originator: Richard Forbes Originator: Manuel Fuentes Originator: Alan Geer Originator: Leo Haimberger Originator: Sean Healy Originator: Robin J. Hogan Originator: Elías Hólm Originator: Marta Janisková Originator: Sarah Keeley Originator: Patrick Laloyaux Originator: Philippe Lopez Originator: Cristina Lupu Originator: Gabor Radnoti Originator: Patricia de Rosnay Originator: Iryna Rozum Originator: Freja Vamborg Originator: Sebastien Villaume Originator: Jean-Noël Thépaut Publication_Date: 2018 Title: ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: NetCDF Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS) Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47 Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2018 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ERA5 Source_Contribution: Reanalysis Forcing Data Process_Step: Process_Description: Regional scale data were created for the full Puget Sound region using a hydrodynamic, wave, and hydrologic model. All regional scale models were run for 3 periods: reanalysis (1940-2023), historic CMIP6 (1950–2015) and future CMIP6(2015-2050). Forcing for the reanalysis period was provided by the ERA5 dataset and by 7 CMIP6 models for the historic and future periods (HighResMIP, Haarsma and others, 2016). The Hydrodynamic Model (delft3d-FM) was used for simulating regional water levels and is detailed in Grossman and others, 2023. Waves were modelled using a SWAN lookup table with linear swell propagation as detailed in Crosby and others, 2023. In addition to winds, swell was added through the Strait of Juan de Fuca via modeled CMIP6 Waves and from data provided by ERA5. Hydrology was provided by a county level hydrological model detailed in Buitink and others, 2025. The hydrodynamic and wave models were additionally run for a variety of SLR positions (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 cm). Outputs were saved as station output across the full Puget Sound region, in the nearshore for wave and water level data and at a variety of elevation contours for hydrologic data. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ERA5 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Hydrodynamic Model Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: CMIP6 Waves Process_Date: 20240101 Process_Step: Process_Description: A SFINCS model was developed following the methodology detailed in Nederhoff and others, 2025. The model was built using topographic/bathymetry data from a DEM and covered the full extent of King County. Models were forced with continuous oceanographic and hydrologic forcing (provided by the regional model) for 2 periods: a reanalysis period and future projection period. The reanalysis period was used for model validation and the projection period was used for producing CoSMoS hazard outputs. For the future projection period, the model was run continuously for 100 years at 6 SLR scenarios. Outputs of maximum water levels were saved for each simulation year. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM Process_Date: 20250101 Process_Step: Process_Description: All simulation data were downloaded from the USGS Advanced Research Computing Center’s Hovenweep Supercomputer (Falgout and others, 2024) to be post-processed. For each of the 6 SLR scenarios, the 1-, 10-, 20-, 50-, and 100-year return period hazard level was derived using empirical return intervals from the 100-year time series of annual max water levels. Output data (flood depth, water elevation, maximum depth x velocity, flood extent) were derived from the occurrence of the water level extreme. Flood depth and extent were post-processed with an attenuated bathtub to remove edge effects and therefore do not match the spatial extent of the other products. GeoTIFFs were created and bundled by county (Flood_depth_projections-King.zip). Data are organized by storm scenario (’RP’) and SLR magnitude. Process_Date: 20250701 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 10 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00000 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.00 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 2 Ordinate_Resolution: 2 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.00 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 Depth_Resolution: 0.01 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: flood depth projections (Flood_depth_projections-King.zip) Entity_Type_Definition: GeoTIFF files contain projections of flood-hazard depths. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: flood depth Attribute_Definition: maximum flood depth associated with corresponding flood extent of indicated sea-level rise (SLR) and return period (RP) Attribute_Definition_Source: model-derived Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.02 Range_Domain_Maximum: 37.52 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The data contain flood depths (depth of water associated with coincident flood hazards) and are organized by return periods. Return periods include the no storm ‘average’ condition (rp000), and statistical once-a-year storms (rp001), every 10 (rp10), every 20 (rp20) and every 100 years (rp100) storms. File names reflect the geographic area of the projection (County, here King County), the attribute, here flood depth (fldDepth), the sea-level rise (slr) scenario, and the return period (rp) of storm conditions. SLR scenarios are listed in centimeters (cm) and range from no SLR (slr000) to a SLR of 300 cm (slr300). For example, King County_fldDpth_slr200_rp100 contains flood depths for a sea level rise of 200 cm (2 m) during a projected hundred-year storm in King County, Washington. While the data were written out in float32, the valid resolution is 0.01. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Resource_Description: These data are available in GeoTIFF format contained in a single zip file with filenames of “Flood_depth_projections-King.zip” accompanied by CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Information_Content: Zip file contains GeoTIFF files for King County, WA File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 1410 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13HYXKY Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section. Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data can be viewed with any spatial analysis software (for example, ArcGIS, QGIS, and so on) Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20251126 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998