Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joshua B. Logan Originator: Meredith L. McPherson Originator: Kristen A. Alkins Originator: Gerald A. Hatcher Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Sarah Groff Publication_Date: 20250924 Title: Classifications of underwater imagery of the substrate and coral reef habitat on the Kona coast of the Island of Hawaiʻi, from 2003, 2004, and 2022 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: comma-delimited text Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P13ZPWNS Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13ZPWNS Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-releases/datarelease/10.5066-P13ZPWNS/ Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joshua B. Logan Originator: Meredith L. McPherson Originator: Kristen A. Alkins Originator: Gerald A. Hatcher Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Sarah Groff Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Underwater imagery and classifications of the substrate and coral reef habitat on the Kona coast of the Island of Hawaiʻi, from 2003, 2004, and 2022 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: JPG Series_Information: Series_Name: data release Issue_Identification: DOI:10.5066/P13ZPWNS Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Suggested Citation: Logan, J.B., McPherson, M.L., Alkins, K.A., Hatcher, G.A., Gibbs, A.E., Storlazzi, C.D., and Groff, S., 2025, Underwater imagery and classifications of the substrate and coral reef habitat on the Kona coast of the Island of Hawaiʻi, from 2003, 2004, and 2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13ZPWNS. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13ZPWNS Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-releases/datarelease/10.5066-P13ZPWNS/ Description: Abstract: This portion of the data release presents a comma-delimited text file with classifications of images of the seafloor off the Kona coast of the Island of Hawaiʻi. The images were collected by the United States Geological Survey in 2003, 2004, and 2022, during field activities A803HW, A204HW, A604HW, and 2022-615-FA, in cooperation with the National Park Service, primarily in the waters off Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site, and Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park. The images were classified for live coral cover and dominant type (four coral types, rubble, macroalgae, and two bottom substrate types) manually by a single specialist with a background in ecological studies. The resulting classifications were tabulated in a comma-delimited text file for further analysis. Purpose: The image classifications were used to evaluate the coral cover on the seafloor off of the National Parks on the Kona coast of the Island of Hawaiʻi. These data are intended for researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. Supplemental_Information: Additional information about the field activities from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2022-615-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=A803HW https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=A204HW https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=A604HW Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2003 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2004 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2022 Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.04800 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -155.82737 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.03964 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 19.40682 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:b8022077-8adc-458f-a3bf-df2e838ef68a Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: Substrate Theme_Keyword: Habitat Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: image collections Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords Theme_Keyword: sediment Theme_Keyword: photographic sampling Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program Theme_Keyword: CMHRP Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: PCMSC Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: State of Hawaii Place_Keyword: Hawaii County Place_Keyword: Island of Hawaiʻi Place_Keyword: Honokōhau Bay Place_Keyword: Kawaihae Bay Place_Keyword: Kawaihae Reef Place_Keyword: Puʻukoholā Place_Keyword: Hōnaunau Bay Place_Keyword: Puʻuhonua Point Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park Place_Keyword: Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site Place_Keyword: Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park Access_Constraints: No access constraints Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 11 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Maxim Tkachenko Originator: Mikhail Malyuk Originator: Andrey Holmanyuk Originator: Nikolai Liubimov Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Label Studio version 1.4.0 Other_Citation_Details: Tkachenko, M., Malyuk, M., Holmanyuk, A., and Liubimov, N., 2020, Label Studio: Data labeling software, available at: https://github.com/HumanSignal/label-studio. Online_Linkage: https://github.com/HumanSignal/label-studio Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Attribute values contain geospatial coordinates, as well as image classification attributes assigned by a specialist with a background in ecological studies. No attribute accuracy tests were performed on the image classification attributes. The accuracy of the geospatial coordinates is discussed in the Positional Accuracy portion of this metadata. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: 4,282 images were reviewed and classified. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The horizontal positions for the images acquired during field activities A803HW, A204HW, and A604HW were measured using a boat-mounted autonomous single-frequency GPS receiver, with positions embedded into video format, and exported during still-frame export. These positions have an estimated horizontal accuracy of 5 meters. The horizontal positions for the images acquired during field activity 2022-615-FA were measured using a boat-mounted dual-frequency GPS receiver, with positions post-processed using a nearby base station. The precise times of each image acquisition were recorded in a text file, and GPS positions for each image were interpolated from the continuous GPS trajectory. These positions have an estimated horizontal accuracy of around 2.5 centimeters. All images were acquired either by towing a camera behind a boat, or by lowering a camera below a boat while drifting. The offset between the underwater camera and the position of the boat-mounted GPS unit is unknown and has not been accounted for in the GPS position of the images. Thus, the true accuracy of the horizontal positions is unknown. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Vertical positions are not reported for this data product. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joshua B. Logan Originator: Meredith L. McPherson Originator: Kristen A. Alkins Originator: Gerald A. Hatcher Originator: Ann E. Gibbs Originator: Curt D. Storlazzi Originator: Sarah Groff Publication_Date: 2025 Title: Underwater imagery of the substrate and coral reef habitat on the Kona coast of the Island of Hawaiʻi, from 2003, 2004, and 2022 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: JPEG Publication_Information: Publication_Place: online Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13ZPWNS Type_of_Source_Media: online database Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2003 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2004 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2022 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected Source_Citation_Abbreviation: images Source_Contribution: Images used for classification, available from this same data release on the Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program’s (CMHRP) Imagery Data System (IDS) Process_Step: Process_Description: Images from field activities A803HW, A204HW, A604HW, and 2022-615-FA were manually classified by a specialist with a background in ecological studies. The open-source software, Label Studio version 1.4 (Tkachenko, et al., 2020 ), was used to enable efficient classification of the images using a custom, two-variable classification scheme for live coral cover and dominant bottom type (described in more detail below). The software provided the functionality to sequentially display each image to the specialist and allowed for the use of keyboard hot keys to rapidly assign classification labels to each image. At the end of each classification session, a tabulated comma-delimited text file was generated containing the image filenames, geographic coordinates, and classification labels. At the conclusion of the project all image classifications were combined into a single file for analysis. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: images Process_Date: 2022 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joshua Logan Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7519 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jlogan@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 4,282 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.00001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.00001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: KonaHawaiiUnderwaterImageClassifications.csv Entity_Type_Definition: Table containing attribute information associated with the dataset Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Park Attribute_Definition: National Park unit Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: KAHO Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: PUHE Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: PUHO Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: SiteName Attribute_Definition: name of site Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The alphanumeric site identifier from which the image was taken Attribute: Attribute_Label: ImgName Attribute_Definition: name of image Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: A unique name for the image. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Lon Attribute_Definition: Longitude Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -156.04800 Range_Domain_Maximum: -155.82737 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Lat Attribute_Definition: Latitude Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 19.40682 Range_Domain_Maximum: 20.03964 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: PercentCover Attribute_Definition: Percent live coral cover Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 100 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent Attribute: Attribute_Label: DominantType Attribute_Definition: Dominant bottom type Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Macroalgae Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: macroalgae Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Montipora capitata Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Montipora capitata Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Pocillopora meandrina Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Pocillopora meandrina Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Rubble Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: rubble Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unknown Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: unknown Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Volcanic pavement Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Volcanic pavement Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Sand Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: sand Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Porites lobata Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Porites lobata Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Porites compressa Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Porites compressa Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: SurveyType Attribute_Definition: Survey type Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: baseline Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: baseline survey from 2003 to 2004 time period (field activities A803HW, A204HW, and A604HW) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: resurvey Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: resurvey from 2022 (field activities 2022-615-FA) Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Notes Attribute_Definition: additional notes by classification specialist Attribute_Definition_Source: producer defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: narrative notes Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The first line of the csv file is a header line. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Classifications of imagery of the seafloor off the Kona coast of Island of Hawaiʻi, HI, are in a comma-delimited text format. Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: comma-delimited text Format_Information_Content: The comma-delimited text file contains image classifications. Transfer_Size: 0.39 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13ZPWNS Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link and scrolling down to the Other Data section. Fees: None. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20250924 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2885 Mission Street City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998