Daniel J. Nowacki Shawn R. Harrison Cordell D. Johnson Li H. Erikson Ann E. Gibbs Evan T. Dailey 20260626 1.0 text files and raster image format data service DOI:10.5066/P9M3NYWI Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI Andrew C. Ritchie Peter J. Triezenberg Jonathan A. Warrick Gerald A. Hatcher Daniel D. Buscombe 20230221 1.0 application/service data service doi:10.5066/P9M3NYWI Santa Cruz, California U.S. Geological Survey - Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Suggested citation: Ritchie, A.C., Triezenberg, P.J., Warrick, J.A., Hatcher, G.A., and Buscombe, D.D., 2023, Remote Sensing Coastal Change Simple Data Distribution Service: U.S. Geological Survey data service, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI Two digital cameras were installed at Unalakleet, Alaska as part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research project to study the beach and nearshore environment. The cameras were installed on a windmill tower at a height of approximately 12 meters above the ground surface in August 2018, facing westward from the coast near downtown Unalakleet with overlapping fields of view. When properly functioning, the cameras collected 10 minutes of imagery at 2 Hz and produced image products every half hour. This dataset includes the raw imagery products and the necessary intrinsic orientation (IO) and extrinsic orientation (EO) calibration data to utilize the imagery to make quantitative measurements from the imagery. USGS researchers analyzed the imagery collected from these cameras to remotely sense a range of information including shoreline position, sandbar migration, wave run-up on the beach, alongshore currents, and nearshore bathymetry. These cameras are part of the USGS CoastCam network, supported by Total Water Level, Alaska Coastal Hazards, and Remote Sensing Coastal Change Projects, under the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Natural Hazards Mission Area. Data were obtained to document interannual changes in shoreline position and coastal morphology. These imagery data, calibration files, and ground control point (GCP) locations are the extrinsic orientation (geolocation) data and intrinsic orientation (camera parameters) data to produce orthorectified image products that can be viewed in a geographic information system (GIS) or other software to identify topographic and shallow-water bathymetric features. The bounding coordinates below represent the approximate limits of the overlapping images from CoastCam Unalakleet. Throughout the course of the deployment the cameras can move due to changes in temperature, wind, or other factors. To limit the effect of camera movements on data products, we recommend the user calculate their own EO data based on the dates of the imagery used. Images from c1 and c2 have their extrinsic locations in the Exif tag UserComment in NAD83(2011) UTM Zone 4N, NAVD88 GEOID12B, which are used by the imaging toolbox to georectify the images into real world coordinates. GCP information and EO .yaml files are in NAD83(2011) UTM Zone 4N, NAVD88 GEOID12B. Additional information about the field activity from which these data were derived is available online at: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-662-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2021-671-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2023-653-FA https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2024-634-FA Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20180824 Present ground condition, dates refer to the days the camera was calibrated intrinsically or extrinsically. Complete As needed -160.7960 -160.7942 63.8760 63.8754 None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program CMHRP Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC CoastCam Remote Sensing Coastal Change USGS Thesaurus image analysis field methods video monitoring optical methods ecosystem monitoring photography remote sensing image collections geomorphology GPS measurement ocean sciences coastal processes camera calibration ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation elevation oceans USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:35b669a3-1116-44ca-aa2a-0d7fdd024252 Geographic Names Information System State of Alaska Unalakleet Norton Sound None United States No access constraints. These data are marked with a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes. U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov MathWorks MATLAB R2024a (https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html), Python 3.13.1, PyExifTool Python library (https://pypi.org/project/PyExifTool/) version 0.5.6; ExifTool (https://exiftool.org/) version 12.76, HOTM (https://github.com/Coastal-Imaging-Research-Network/hotm2) Brittany L. Bruder Katherine L. Brodie 20200909 publication SoftwareX Volume 12, 100582 online Elsevier This publication describes the steps used to calibrate the CoastCam. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2020.100582 Extrinsic orientation (EO) calibration is assessed using GCPs visible in the camera FOV. GCP locations were determined with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) equipment. Accuracy of the extrinsic calibration was also tied to the human ability to locate targets in the imagery when using the Coastal Imaging Research Network (CIRN) Quantitative Coastal Imaging Toolbox (Bruder and Brodie, 2020). Calibration success can be examined using the CIRN toolbox where parameters azimuth, tilt, and roll have errors less than 2 degrees. The camera systems were liable to move over time via wind, wear, and human interactions cleaning the camera, all of which may change the camera calibration parameters. Calibration data is stored as YAML Ain't Markup Language (YAML)files, which can be opened with any text viewer, and are named with the calibration date. The camera system installed (two FLIR Blackfly BFLY-PGE-31S4C color cameras) had an extrinsic (EO) and intrinsic (IO) calibration process. The IO calibration process was completed on 20180824 for Unalakleet c1 and c2 and is provided as a set of JPEG images with a checkerboard pattern in different parts of the image. These are used with the Camera Calibration Toolbox for Matlab (https://data.caltech.edu/records/jx9cx-fdh55) to solve for the intrinsic parameters and lens distortion, which are provided in a YAML file of resultant IO parameters. Significant figures are taken as provided by the toolbox. A checkerboard pattern was used and the lens distortion was solved for 3 radial coefficients and 2 tangential coefficients. These are used in the CIRN toolbox steps A through C to georectify imagery and make quantifiable measurements. The intrinsic parameters “coU” and “coV” are used by CIRN, but the same parameters are inconsistently named (for example, cOU/cOV, Cx/Cy, u0/v0) within the broader camera community and may cause issues in running code. The EO calibration process was completed four times (20180825, 20210903, 20230830, 20240607), and EO calibration may be performed additional times in the future. Users can determine the dates of future calibrations from the labelling of the products (“unalakleet_c#_yyyymmdd”, where “c#” is camera number – c1 or c2 – and “yyyymmdd” is the date formatted as 4-digit year, 2-digit month, and 2-digit day). This dataset consists of YAML files of resultant EO parameters from the CIRN Quantitative Coastal Imaging Toolbox steps B and C (Bruder and Brodie, 2020), a comma-separated values (CSV) file of GCP locations and description, and images from the station labeled as 'raw' and 'annotated' showing the GCP targets that were surveyed. Significant figures in the YAML files are as provided by the Camera Calibration Application. All IO calibration images are provided, but not all may be necessary in the CIRN Toolbox. Surveyed GCP locations and images are provided for the EO calibration surveys. Horizontal coordinates of the GCPs were referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011) Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 4 North (NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 4N) coordinate system (Epoch 2010.00) as to be ingested in the CIRN Toolbox. The camera pole (not the individual cameras) was located with the RTK equipment at 63.875909 N, 160.7955352 W EPSG:6318 NAD83 (2011). Ground control points for the EO calibration are generally taken with GNSS survey equipment; points typically have a 5 cm or better horizontal accuracy. Ground control points for the EO calibration are generally taken with GPS survey equipment; points typically have a 10 cm or better vertical accuracy. Before installation at Unalakleet, c1 and c2 were used to take a series of photos for the IO calibration. This process consisted of collecting and analyzing sample images. These images contain a square checkerboard moved throughout the image frame. This checkerboard pattern allows lens distortion metrics to be calculated. The image file name is formatted as unalakleet_c#_YYYYMMDD_IO_####.jpg where c# is the camera number, YYYYMMDD is the date the IO images were obtained, and #### is the original number written to the file. Note that the time and location of where the actual photos were taken is irrelevant; they have been tagged with the GPS location of the camera pole for which they are relevant and given a GPSTimeStamp of 12:00:00. 20260512 To place the photos taken by the CoastCam into real world coordinates and to rectify them into a planar view, objects within the field of view of the camera must be located. To do so, multiple stationary targets, between 5 and 10 per camera as recommended by Brodie and Bruder (2020), were spread through the camera FOV to be used as GCPs. Survey targets (a square consisting of two black and two white triangles) were placed on the beach within the field of view of the CoastCam station. These were measured with RTK GNSS at the intersection of the sand and the middle of the target. Once all GCPs were placed, a snapshot (“snap”) was taken with the camera. The image file name is formatted as unalakleet_c#_YYYYMMDD_GCP_image_type.jpg where “c#” is the camera number, “YYYYMMDD” is the date the EO images were obtained, and “type” is raw or annotated. 20260512 The IO images together with the GCP targets from the EO surveys were used in the CIRN Toolbox and with the Camera Calibration App (MATLAB) to solve for the 3 radial coefficients and 2 tangential coefficients that make up the intrinsic parameters and lens distortion and the EO parameters. The IO coefficient values are provided in YAML files for each camera (unalakleet_c#_yyyymmdd_IO.yaml) and the EO parameters are provided in YAML files for each camera (unalakleet_c#_yyyymmdd_EO.yaml), where “c#” as c1 or c2, and “yyyymmdd” is the date of the survey. These YAML files can be re-solved for using the raw images and survey data provided in the CIRN Toolbox. Please refer to Brodie and Bruder (2020) for information about the methods. Step processed by Athina Lange. 20260512 All images were geotagged and processed to add additional information required by the USGS to the exchangeable image file format (EXIF) and other imagery headers using exiftool (https://exiftool.org version: 13.57). Exiftool was used to update each image. The following is an example exiftool command used to update an image: -IPTC:Credit="U.S. Geological Survey" -IPTC:Contact="pcmsc_data@usgs.gov" -EXIF:Copyright="Public Domain" -XMP:UsageTerms="Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty." -EXIF:ImageDescription="https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2018-662-FA; https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2021-671-FA; https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2023-653-FA; https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2024-634-FA; This image was captured from a stationary camera at Unalakleet, Alaska from USGS field activity number 2018-662-FA, 2021-671-FA, 2023-653-FA, 2024-634-FA" -XMP:AttributionURL="https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI" -EXIF:GPSAreaInformation="GNSS survey location of camera station" -EXIF:GPSMapDatum="EPSG:6318 (NAD83_National_Spatial_Reference_System_2011)" -EXIF:DateTimeOriginal="2026-04-23 02:00:05" -EXIF:GPSDateStamp="2021:08:20" -EXIF:GPSLatitude="63.875909" -EXIF:GPSLatitudeRef="N" -EXIF:GPSLongitude="-160.7955352" -EXIF:GPSLongitudeRef="W" -EXIF:Artist="USGS PCMSC" -XMP:ExternalMetadataLink="https://www1.usgs.gov/identifiers/api/resolve/USGS.c3dd8423-fdee-4456-a312-c762a3a53af9\xa0" -XMP:PreservedFilename="1776909605.Thu.Apr.23_02_00_05.GMT.2026.unalakleet.c2.rundark.jpg" -EXIF:Make="FLIR" -EXIF:Model="Blackfly BFLY-PGE-31S4C" -IPTC:Keywords="Unalakleet; Alaska; USGS; PCMSC; CoastCam" -XMP:Contributor="Daniel J. Nowacki, Shawn R. Harrison, Cordell Johnson, Li H. Erikson, Ann E. Gibbs, Evan T. Dailey" 20260514 Raster Grid Cell 1536 2048 Universal Transverse Mercator 4N 0.999600 -159.000000 0.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 row and column 0.001 0.001 meters North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011) GRS_1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.001 meters Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates unalakleet_c#_20180824_IO.yaml The solved IO values for camera c1 or c2 (indicated by “c#” in the filename) during images captured on date 2018-08-24 from step A in the Camera Calibration procedures outlined in Bruder and Brodie (2020). Lines 1-11 are the values and lines 12-22 are the definitions. There are no actual attribute domain ranges as it is a one-to-one attribute to value ratio. U.S. Geological Survey NU number of pixel columns Bruder and Brodie (2020) 2048 2048 pixels NV number of pixel rows Bruder and Brodie (2020) 1536 1536 pixels coU U component of principal point Bruder and Brodie (2020) 1026.967935 1031.715509 pixels coV V component of principal point Bruder and Brodie (2020) 796.1007045 806.785366 pixels fx x component of focal length Bruder and Brodie (2020) 3596.546021 3577.25526 pixels fy y component of focal length Bruder and Brodie (2020) 3596.892745 3578.435998 pixels d1 First radial distortion coefficient Bruder and Brodie (2020) -0.220586997 -0.20742297 pixels d2 Second radial distortion coefficient Bruder and Brodie (2020) 0.154065327 0.115792505 pixels d3 Third radial distortion coefficient Bruder and Brodie (2020) 0 0 pixels t1 First tangential distortion coefficient Bruder and Brodie (2020) 0.000880134 0.000107451 pixels t2 Second tangential distortion coefficient Bruder and Brodie (2020) -0.000894121 -0.000425105 pixels unalakleet_c#_yyyymmdd_EO.yaml YAML file containing the solved extrinsic orientation (EO) from Step C in the Camera Calibration procedures outlined in Bruder and Brodie (2020) for camera c# (where “c#” is either c1 or c2) using values from survey date yyyymmdd (where “yyyy” is year, “mm” is two-digit month, and “dd” is two-digit day of survey). Rows 1-6 are values and rows 7-12 are definitions. Ranges provided are +/- error estimates produced by Step C. U.S. Geological Survey x Camera X-coordinate, Easting in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 4N of camera position. U.S. Geological Survey 411796.329 411796.512 meters y camera Y-coordinate, Northing in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 4N of camera position. U.S. Geological Survey 7084426.859 7084427.375 meters z camera Z-coordinate, elevation referenced to NAVD88. U.S. Geological Survey 17.956 18.076 meters azimuth The horizontal direction the camera is pointing and positive clockwise (CW) from World Y Axis. Bruder and Brodie (2020) 262.41 290.877 Angle units in degrees tilt The up/down tilt of the camera. 0 is the camera looking nadir, 90 is the camera looking at the horizon right side up, and 180 is looking directly up. Bruder and Brodie (2020) 80.550 80.995 Angle units in degrees roll The rotation around a horizontal axis going through the length of the lens of the camera. 0 degrees is a horizontal flat camera. Looking from behind the camera, counterclockwise (CCW) rotation of the camera would result in a positive roll. Bruder and Brodie (2020) 0.821 1.089 Angle units in degrees unalakleet_c#_yyyymmdd_GCPsurvey.csv CSV file containing the location (x,y,z) of the GCPs (black and white targets) in CoastCam camera 2 FOV and their location in the image (U,V). File applies to camera “c#” (either c1 or c2) from survey date “yyyymmdd” (where “yyyy” is four-digit year, “mm” is two-digit month, and “dd” is two-digit day). U.S. Geological Survey gcp Numeric identifier of each GCP that can be found in unalakleet_c#_yyyymmdd_GCP_image_annotated.jpg (where “c#” is c1 or c2, “yyyymmdd” is date with “yyyy” as four-digit year, “mm” as two-digit month, “dd” as two-digit day, and c# and date match csv and image) so that targets can be labeled correctly in Step B of Camera Calibration steps in Bruder and Brodie (2020). U.S. Geological Survey 1 17 none easting RTK X-coordinates in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 4N. U.S. Geological Survey 411700.336 411796.060 meters northing RTK Y-coordinates in NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 4N. U.S. Geological Survey 7084396.879 7084496.286 meters elevation RTK Z-coordinates relative to NAVD88 using GEOID 18. A positive Z value is the up direction. U.S. Geological Survey 1.444 6.735 meters notes Text describing location or type of target. U.S. Geological Survey Text describing location or type of target. File names are broken down as follows: “CoastCamID_c#_YYYYMMDD.***” where the Unalakleet CoastCam is unalakleet, c# is either c1 or c2, and YYYYMMDD refers to the date of the calibration. For more information on the IO and EO parameters see Bruder and Brodie (2020). U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS mailing address

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 United States 1-831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov RSCC Simple Data Distribution Service Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. YAML 1.0.0 The intrinsic and extrinsic calibration data. 0.1 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-services/rscc/coastcam/unalakleet/calibration/IO/ https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-services/rscc/coastcam/unalakleet/calibration/EO/ https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI The first link in the list above is to the directory with intrinsic calibration data, organized by camera number and date; files can be downloaded individually. The second link in the list above is to the directory with extrinsic calibration data, organized by camera number and date; files can be downloaded individually. The third link is the DOI of the RSCC Remote Sensing Coastal Change Simple Data Distribution Service. comma-delimited text Exported from Excel Office 365 16.01 The comma-delimited text files contain locations of ground control points used for external calibration. 0.1 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-services/rscc/coastcam/unalakleet/calibration/EO/ https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI The first link in the list above is to the directory page for extrinsic calibration images where files are organized into subdirectories organized by camera number and date; files can be downloaded individually. The second link is the DOI of the RSCC Remote Sensing Coastal Change Simple Data Distribution Service. JPEG 1.0.0 Intrinsic calibration images. 5.5 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-services/rscc/coastcam/unalakleet/calibration/IO/ https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI The first link in the list above is to the directory page for intrinsic calibration images where files are organized into subdirectories organized by camera number and date; files can be downloaded individually. The second link is the DOI of the RSCC Remote Sensing Coastal Change Simple Data Distribution Service. JPEG 1.0.0 Extrinsic calibration images. 5.0 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data-services/rscc/coastcam/unalakleet/calibration/EO/ https://doi.org/10.5066/P9M3NYWI The first link in the list above is to the directory page where files are organized into subdirectories organized by camera number and date; files can be downloaded individually. The second link is the DOI of the RSCC Remote Sensing Coastal Change Simple Data Distribution Service. None 20260625 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center PCMSC Science Data Coordinator mailing and physical

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-427-4747 pcmsc_data@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998