Metadata:
  Identification_Information:
    Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Peter Dartnell
        Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie
        Originator: David P. Finlayson
        Originator: Rikk G. Kvitek
        Publication_Date: 2015
        Title: BackscatterB [EM300]--Monterey Canyon and Vicinity, California
        Edition: 1.0
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTiff
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: Data Series
          Issue_Identification: DS 781
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Reston, VA
          Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
        Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781
        Online_Linkage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/csmp/MontereyCanyon/data_catalog_MontereyCanyon.html
        Larger_Work_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Nadine E. Golden
            Publication_Date: 2016
            Title: California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog
            Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: Data Series
              Issue_Identification: DS 781
            Publication_Information:
              Publication_Place: Reston, VA
              Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
            Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781
    Description:
      Abstract:
        This part of DS 781 presents data for the acoustic-backscatter map of Monterey Canyon and Vicinity map area, California. Backscatter data are provided as separate grids depending on mapping system and processing method. These metadata describe acoustic-backscatter data collected by Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) and processed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The raster data files are included in "BackscatterB_EM300_MontereyCanyon.zip," which is accessible from https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Dartnell, P., Maier, K.L., Erdey, M.D., Dieter, B.E., Golden, N.E., Johnson, S.Y., Hartwell, S.R., Cochrane, G.R., Ritchie, A.C., Finlayson, D.P., Kvitek, R.G., Sliter, R.W., Greene, H.G., Davenport, C.W., Endris, C.A., and Krigsman, L.M. (P. Dartnell and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2016, California State Waters Map Series—Monterey Canyon and Vicinity, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1072, 48 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161072.

        The acoustic-backscatter map of Monterey Canyon and Vicinity, California, were generated from acoustic-backscatter data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), by Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), and by California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB). Mapping for the entire map area was completed between 1998 and 2014 using a combination of 30-kHz Simrad EM-300 and 200-kHz/400-kHz Reson 7125 multibeam echosounders, as well as 234-kHz and 468-kHz SEA SWATHplus bathymetric sidescan-sonar systems. The MBARI mapping was completed in 1998, the data were downloaded and reprocessed by the USGS in 2014. Within the final imagery, brighter tones indicate higher backscatter intensity, and darker tones indicate lower backscatter intensity. The intensity represents a complex interaction between the acoustic pulse and the seafloor, as well as characteristics within the shallow subsurface, providing a general indication of seafloor texture and composition. Backscatter intensity depends on the acoustic source level; the frequency used to image the seafloor; the grazing angle; the composition and character of the seafloor, including grain size, water content, bulk density, and seafloor roughness; and some biological cover. Harder and rougher bottom types such as rocky outcrops or coarse sediment typically return stronger intensities (high backscatter, lighter tones), whereas softer bottom types such as fine sediment return weaker intensities (low backscatter, darker tones).
      Purpose: These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software.
      Supplemental_Information:
        Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

        Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.
    Time_Period_of_Content:
      Time_Period_Information:
        Range_of_Dates/Times:
          Beginning_Date: 1998
          Ending_Date: 2014
      Currentness_Reference: ground condition
    Status:
      Progress: Complete
      Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
    Spatial_Domain:
      Bounding_Coordinates:
        West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.06
        East_Bounding_Coordinate: -121.74
        North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.84
        South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.68
    Keywords:
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
        Theme_Keyword: USGS:556f8289e4b0d9246a9fd0a0
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD)
        Theme_Keyword: Acoustic Reflectivity
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
        Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
        Theme_Keyword: environment
        Theme_Keyword: oceans
        Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
        Theme_Keyword: distributions
        Theme_Keyword: physical habitats and geomorphology
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
        Theme_Keyword: seabed
        Theme_Keyword: multibeam echo sounder
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
        Theme_Keyword: sonar methods
        Theme_Keyword: image mosaics
        Theme_Keyword: interferometric sonar
        Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics
        Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics
        Theme_Keyword: sea-floor acoustic reflectivity
        Theme_Keyword: maps and atlases
        Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
        Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
        Theme_Keyword: USGS
        Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
        Theme_Keyword: CMGP
        Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
        Theme_Keyword: PCMSC
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
        Theme_Keyword: Marine Nearshore Subtidal
        Theme_Keyword: Marine Offshore Subtidal
        Theme_Keyword: Transform Continental Margin
        Theme_Keyword: Continental/Island Shelf
        Theme_Keyword: Rock Substrate
        Theme_Keyword: Unconsolidated Mineral Substrate
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
        Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean
        Place_Keyword: State of California
        Place_Keyword: Moss Landing
        Place_Keyword: Monterey County
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
        Place_Keyword: Northern California Ecoregion
      Stratum:
        Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
        Stratum_Keyword: Substrate
    Access_Constraints: None
    Use_Constraints: USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes.
    Point_of_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
          Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical
          Address: 2885 Mission Street
          City: Santa Cruz
          State_or_Province: CA
          Postal_Code: 95060-5792
          Country: US
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
    Browse_Graphic:
      Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5570970be4b0d9246a9fd28a?name=BackscatterB_EM300_MontereyCanyon.jpg&allowOpen=true
      Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Acoustic backscatter imagery of Monterey Canyon and Vicinity.
      Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Peter Dartnell
        Originator: Katherine L. Maier
        Originator: Mercedes D. Erdey
        Originator: Nadine E. Golden
        Originator: Bryan E. Dieter
        Originator: Nadine E. Golden
        Originator: Samuel Y. Johnson
        Originator: Stephen R. Hartwell
        Originator: Guy R. Cochrane
        Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie
        Originator: David P. Finlayson
        Originator: Rikk G. Kvitek
        Originator: Ray W. Sliter
        Originator: H. Gary Greene
        Originator: Clifton W. Davenport
        Originator: Charles A. Endris
        Originator: Lisa M. Krigsman
        Publication_Date: 2012
        Title: California State Waters Map Series--Monterey Canyon and Vicinity, California
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: pamphlet and map sheets
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: 2016-1072
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Reston, VA
          Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
        Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161072
  Data_Quality_Information:
    Attribute_Accuracy:
      Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Not applicable for raster data.
    Logical_Consistency_Report: Unspecified
    Completeness_Report: Complete
    Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
        Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Estimated to be no less than 2 m, owing to water depth and total propagated uncertainties of the mapping systems, which include sonar system, position and motion compensation system, and navigation, as well as data processing that includes sounding cleaning, gridding, and datum transformations.
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
        Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Not applicable to acoustic-backscatter imagery.
    Lineage:
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description: During the MBARI mapping mission in 1998, an Applied Analytic POS MV (Position and Orientation System for Marine Vessels) was used to accurately position the vessel and account for vessel motion with navigational input from a kinematic GPS system. Soundings were corrected for variations in water-column sound velocity using data from a SeaBird CTD and Sippican T5 expendable bathythermographs. The USGS downloaded the original MBARI survey line files from the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) on-line bathymetry server (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/relief.html, 2014). Using MB-Systems, amplitude values were extracted from the survey line files and exported as one overall XYZ file. The XYZ file was gridded at 5-m spatial resolution in Fledermaus software (QPS), converted to an ASCIIRaster file, and imported into a geographic information system (GIS). The grid was clipped to the Monterey Canyon and Vicinity map boundary.
        Process_Date: 2014
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: Pete Dartnell
              Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
            Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing and physical address
              Address: 2885 Mission St.
              City: Santa Cruz
              State_or_Province: CA
              Postal_Code: 95060-5792
              Country: USA
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 460-7415
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pdartnell@usgs.gov
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description: Metadata was modified to bring up to current USGS PCMSC standards. Information for accompanying Open-File Report added to Abstract and Cross Reference sections. Point of Contact information was updated. Keywords were added and refined. Details about different Network Resource Name links was given in the Access Instructions section. Minor typos were corrected. No data information was changed.
        Process_Date: 20181127
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: Susan A Cochran
              Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing and physical
              Address: 2885 Mission St.
              City: Santa Cruz
              State_or_Province: CA
              Postal_Code: 95060
              Country: United States
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7545
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description: Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed.
        Process_Date: 20201019
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Organization_Primary:
              Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
              Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
            Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
              Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
              City: Woods Hole
              State_or_Province: MA
              Postal_Code: 02543-1598
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
            Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description: Performed minor edits to the metadata to correct typos. No data were changed
        Process_Date: 20220210
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Organization_Primary:
              Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
              Contact_Person: Susan A. Cochran
            Contact_Position: Geologist
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
              Address: 2885 Mission Street
              City: Santa Cruz
              State_or_Province: CA
              Postal_Code: 95060
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7545
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov
  Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
    Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
    Raster_Object_Information:
      Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
      Row_Count: 3534
      Column_Count: 5842
      Vertical_Count: 1
  Spatial_Reference_Information:
    Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Planar:
        Grid_Coordinate_System:
          Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
          Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
            UTM_Zone_Number: 10
            Transverse_Mercator:
              Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
              Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.00000
              Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00000
              False_Easting: 500000.0
              False_Northing: 0.00
        Planar_Coordinate_Information:
          Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
          Coordinate_Representation:
            Abscissa_Resolution: 5.0
            Ordinate_Resolution: 5.0
          Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
      Geodetic_Model:
        Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS84
        Ellipsoid_Name: WGS84
        Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.00
        Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563
  Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
    Detailed_Description:
      Entity_Type:
        Entity_Type_Label: Value
        Entity_Type_Definition: BackscatterB [EM300] intensity value
        Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: VALUE
        Attribute_Definition: Backscatter intensity values
        Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: -60.80
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.02
            Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Floating point values representing intensity
    Overview_Description:
      Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
        The EM-300 acoustic-backscatter grid was originally archived as an ESRI grid with the following attributes:

        >Cell size = 5.0
        >Number of rows = 3534
        >Number of columns = 5842
        >
        >Data type = floating point
        >
        >Boundary
        >Xmin = 583530
        >Xmax = 612740
        >Ymin = 4060670
        >Ymax = 4078340
        >
        >Statistics
        >Minimum value = -60.80
        >Maximum value = 0.018
        >Mean = -35.19
        >Standard deviation = 3.88
        >
        >Coordinate system description
        >Projection  UTM
        >Zone  10
        >Datum  WGS84
        >Units  meter
      Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none
  Distribution_Information:
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical
          Address: Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302
          City: Denver
          State_or_Province: CO
          Postal_Code: 80225
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sciencebase@usgs.gov
    Resource_Description: The .zip file includes the .tfw, .tif, .tif.aux.xml, and .tif.ovr, files, as well as FGDC-compliant metadata for the BackscatterB_EM300 data layer in the Monterey Canyon and Vicinity region of California.
    Distribution_Liability: Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
    Standard_Order_Process:
      Digital_Form:
        Digital_Transfer_Information:
          Format_Name: TIFF
          Format_Version_Number: ArcMap (version 10.0, ESRI , 2011)
          Format_Specification: Raster data layer is registered TIFF image in the UTM Zone 10 coordinate system with datum WGS84.
          Format_Information_Content: The .zip file for the TIFF image includes the image (.tif), the world registration file (.tfw), and the text (.txt) and XML (.tif.xml) versions of the metadata for the BackscatterB [EM300] data layer of Monterey Canyon and Vicinity, California.
          File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip
          Transfer_Size: 47.3
        Digital_Transfer_Option:
          Online_Option:
            Computer_Contact_Information:
              Network_Address:
                Network_Resource_Name: https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/556f8289e4b0d9246a9fd0a0
                Network_Resource_Name: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/csmp/MontereyCanyon/data_catalog_MontereyCanyon.html
                Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781
            Access_Instructions: The first link will begin a direct download of the data. The second link is a landing page on which all of the downloadable data for a particular region are listed. The third link is a landing page for the entire data catalog.
      Fees: none
    Technical_Prerequisites: The downloadable data file has been compressed with the "zip" command and can be unzipped with Winzip (or other tool) on Windows systems. To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the WinZip file and importing and viewing an Esri ArcMap TIFF. Users should download the ArcGIS Project File, MontereyCanyonGIS.mxd.zip, a compressed (with the "zip" command) version of the ArcMap document (.mxd) that has all the data layers loaded in the table of contents for "Monterey Canyon" and has all the data symbolized as on the data release map sheets. Download and save this ArcGIS project file, including all data layers, to the directory the user has created for this GIS.
  Metadata_Reference_Information:
    Metadata_Date: 20220210
    Metadata_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
          Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical
          Address: 2885 Mission Street
          City: Santa Cruz
          State_or_Province: CA
          Postal_Code: 95060-5792
          Country: US
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
    Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
    Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
    Metadata_Time_Convention: universal time
