# BackscatterA [8101]--Offshore Pigeon Point, California

### Metadata:

- Identification_Information
- Data_Quality_Information
- Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
- Spatial_Reference_Information
- Entity_and_Attribute_Information
- Distribution_Information
- Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Carrie K. Bretz
Originator: Rikk G. Kvitek
Originator: Peter Dartnell
Originator: Mercedes D. Erdey
Publication_Date: 2015
Title: BackscatterA [8101]--Offshore Pigeon Point, California
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTiff
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Data Series
Issue_Identification: DS 781
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/55480a65e4b0a658d79557a7
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Nadine E. Golden
Publication_Date: 2013
Title: California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Data Series
Issue_Identification: DS 781
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/
Online_Linkage:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/csmp/OffshorePigeonPoint/data_catalog_OffshorePigeonPoint.html
Description:
Abstract:
This part of DS 781 presents data for the acoustic-backscatter map of Offshore of Pigeon Point map area, California. Backscatter data are provided as three separate grids depending on mapping system. This metadata file refers to the data included in "BackscatterA_8101_OffshorePigeonPoint.zip," which is accessible from https://doi.org/10.5066/F7513W80. These data accompany the pamphlet and map sheets of Cochrane, G.R., Watt, J.T., Dartnell, P., Greene, H.G., Erdey, M.D., Dieter, B.E., Golden, N.E., Johnson, S.Y., Endris, C.A., Hartwell, S.R., Kvitek, R.G., Davenport, C.W., Krigsman, L.M., Ritchie, A.C., Sliter, R.W., Finlayson, D.P., and Maier, K.L. (G.R. Cochrane and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2015, California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Pigeon Point, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1232, pamphlet 40 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151232.
The acoustic-backscatter map of the Offshore of Pigeon Point map area, California, was generated from backscatter data collected by California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB), by Fugro Pelagos, and by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Mapping was completed between 2006 and 2009, using a combination of 400-kHz Reson 7125 (CSUMB) and 244-kHz Reson 8101 (FUGRO) multibeam echosounders, as well as a 234-kHz SWATHplus bathymetric sidescan-sonar system (USGS). These mapping missions combined to collect backscatter data from about the 10-m isobath to beyond the 3-nautical-mile limit of California's State Waters. Within the final imagery, brighter tones indicate higher backscatter intensity, and darker tones indicate lower backscatter intensity. The intensity represents a complex interaction between the acoustic pulse and the seafloor, as well as characteristics within the shallow subsurface, providing a general indication of seafloor texture and composition. Backscatter intensity depends on the acoustic source level; the frequency used to image the seafloor; the grazing angle; the composition and character of the seafloor, including grain size, water content, bulk density, and seafloor roughness; and some biological cover. Harder and rougher bottom types such as rocky outcrops or coarse sediment typically return stronger intensities (high backscatter, lighter tones), whereas softer bottom types such as fine sediment return weaker intensities (low backscatter, darker tones).
Purpose:
These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify seafloor features.
Supplemental_Information:
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in Esri format, this metadata file may include some Esri-specific terminology.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2006
Ending_Date: 2009
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.49
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.29
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.23
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.07
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:55480a65e4b0a658d79557a7
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD)
Theme_Keyword: Acoustic Reflectivity
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: PCMSC
Theme_Keyword: Fisheries
Theme_Keyword: Backscatter
Theme_Keyword: Intensity
Theme_Keyword: Seafloor Character
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: distributions
Theme_Keyword: physical habitats and geomorphology
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: seabed
Theme_Keyword: sidescan sonar
Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: geology
Theme_Keyword: bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: ecosystems
Theme_Keyword: multibeam sonar
Theme_Keyword: sonar methods
Theme_Keyword: sidescan sonar
Theme_Keyword: image mosaics
Theme_Keyword: marine geophysics
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor characteristics
Theme_Keyword: sea-floor acoustic reflectivity
Theme_Keyword: maps and atlases
Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Theme_Keyword: Marine Nearshore Subtidal
Theme_Keyword: Marine Offshore Subtidal
Theme_Keyword: Transform Continental Margin
Theme_Keyword: Continental/Island Shelf
Theme_Keyword: Rock Substrate
Theme_Keyword: Unconsolidated Mineral Substrate
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean
Place_Keyword: State of California
Place_Keyword: Pigeon Point
Place_Keyword: San Mateo County
Place_Keyword: Ano Nuevo
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Place_Keyword: Northern California Ecoregion
Stratum:
Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
Stratum_Keyword: Substrate
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey and California State University Monterey Bay as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060-5792
Country: US
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5547e66ae4b0a658d79520c0?name=BackscatterA_8101_OffshorePigeonPoint.jpg&allowOpen=true
Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Acoustic backscatter imagery of offshore Pigeon Point.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 10.0
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Guy R. Cochrane
Originator: Janet T. Watt
Originator: Peter Dartnell
Originator: H. Gary Greene
Originator: Mercedes D. Erdey
Originator: Bryan E. Dieter
Originator: Nadine E. Golden
Originator: Samuel Y. Johnson
Originator: Charles A. Endris
Originator: Stephen R. Hartwell
Originator: Rikk G. Kvitek
Originator: Clifton W. Davenport
Originator: Lisa M. Krigsman
Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie
Originator: Ray W. Sliter
Originator: David P. Finlayson
Originator: Katherine L. Maier
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
California State Waters Map Series--Offshore of Pigeon Point, California
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2015-1232
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151232
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Not applicable for raster data.
Logical_Consistency_Report: Unspecified
Completeness_Report: Complete
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Estimated to be no less than 2 m, owing to water depth and total propagated uncertainties of the mapping systems, which include sonar system, position and motion compensation system, and navigation, as well as data processing that includes sounding cleaning, gridding, and datum transformations.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Not applicable to acoustic-backscatter imagery.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
During the mapping missions, an Applanix position and motion compensation system (POS/MV) was used to accurately position the vessel during data collection, and it also accounted for vessel motion such as heave, pitch, and roll (position accuracy, +/-2 m; pitch, roll, and heading accuracy, +/-0.02 degrees; heave accuracy, +/-5 percent, or 5 cm). KGPS altitude data (Fugro Pelagos, StarFix HP & XP units; CSUMB, NavCom 2050) were used to account for tide cycle fluctuations and sound velocity profiles were collected with an Applied Microsystems SVPlus sound velocimeter. Soundings were corrected for vessel motion using the Applanix POS/MV data, for variations in water-column sound velocity using the AM SVPlus data, and for variations in water height (tides) using vertical-position data from the KGPS receivers. Processing and mosaicking of Reson 8101 trace data were completed using GEOCODER Version 3.2 level 1 (created by Luciano Fonseca; Fugro Pelagos Modified Test Release 16). Within Geocoder, the backscatter intensities were radiometrically corrected (including despeckling and angle varying gain adjustments) and the position of each acoustic sample was geometrically corrected for slant-range and georeferenced to UTM Zone 10 N, WGS1984 datum. After the lines were imported, they were mosaicked into a 1m resolution image. Overlap between parallel lines was resolved using a priority table based on the distance of each sample from the ship track, with samples closest to- and furthest from- the ship track given the lowest priority. An anti-aliasing algorithm was also applied.
Process_Date: 2006
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Carrie Bretz
Contact_Organization: Seafloor Mapping Lab, California State University Monterey Bay
Contact_Position: Projects Manager, GIS; Metadata Supervisor
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 100 Campus Center, Bldg 13
City: Seaside
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 93955
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 582-4197
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: carrie_bretz@csumb.edu
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
California Seafloor Mapping Project 1- and 2-m resolution backscatter imagery (CSMP survey blocks CC-09, CC-10, and CC-11) within this map were downloaded from California State University, Monterey Bay, Seafloor Mapping Lab (https://seafloor.otterlabs.org/SFMLwebDATA.htm) and converted to grids. Backscatter grids of similar mapping systems were merged in a GIS and clipped to the boundary of the map area. Grids from different mapping systems were not merged together due to different mapping frequencies and processing techniques.
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Pete Dartnell
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060-5792
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 460-7415
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pdartnell@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog.
Process_Date: 20171005
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Alan O. Allwardt
Contact_Position: Contractor -- Information Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7551
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aallwardt@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Added keywords from Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) to metadata.
Process_Date: 20180426
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Alan O. Allwardt
Contact_Position: Contractor -- Information Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7551
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 831-427-4748
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aallwardt@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description: Corrected author spelling in Larger Work section
Process_Date: 20180622
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Susan A Cochran
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060-5792
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 460-7545
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Edited metadata to add keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. No data were changed.
Process_Date: 20201019
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Edits were made to bring the metadata up to current PCMSC standards including standardizing authors' names, adding a doi# link, correcting typos, refining keywords, and using current access and distribution liability statements. Point of Contact and Metadata Contact information sections were changed to static PCMSC contact information. No data were changed. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Users are advised to compare the metadata date of this file to any similar file to ensure they are using the most recent version.
Process_Date: 20211101
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Susan A. Cochran
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and Physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-460-7545
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scochran@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
Row_Count: 8890
Column_Count: 8890
Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 10
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.00000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00000
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.00
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 2.0
Ordinate_Resolution: 2.0
Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS84
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS84
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.00
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Value
Entity_Type_Definition: BackscatterA [8101] intensity value
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Rowid
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: VALUE
Attribute_Definition: Backscatter intensity values
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 39.0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 254.0
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Integers representing intensity values
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: COUNT
Attribute_Definition:
The number of pixels (2m x 2m size grid cell) represented in each intensity value (see Attribute: VALUE).
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 530
Range_Domain_Maximum: 365204
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Integers
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
The merged Reson 8101 acoustic-backscatter grid was originally archived as an ESRI grid with the following attributes:

    Cell size = 2.0
    Number of rows = 8885
    Number of columns = 8880

    Data type = floating point

    Boundary
    Xmin = 545630
    Xmax = 563390
    Ymin = 4103330
    Ymax = 4121100

    Statistics
    Minimum value = 39
    Maximum value = 254
    Mean = 123.38
    Standard deviation = 32.20

    Coordinate system description
    Projection  UTM
    Zone  10
    Datum  WGS84
    Units  meter

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 345 Middlefield Rd
City: Menlo Park
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 94025-3561
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-4309
Resource_Description:
The .zip file (BackscatterA_8101_OffshorePigeonPoint.zip) includes the .tfw, .tif, .tif.aux.xml, and .tif.ovr files, as well as FGDC-compliant metadata for the BackscatterA [8101] data layer in the Offshore Pigeon Point region of California.
Distribution_Liability:
Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIFF
Format_Version_Number: ArcMap (version 10.0, ESRI , 2011)
Format_Specification:
Raster data layer is registered TIFF image in the UTM Zone 10 coordinate system with datum WGS84.
Format_Information_Content:
The .zip file for the TIFF image includes the image (.tif), the world registration file (.tfw), and the text (.txt) and XML (.tif.xml) versions of the metadata for the BackscatterA [8101] data layer of Offshore Pigeon Point, California.
File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip
Transfer_Size: 22.4
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/55480a65e4b0a658d79557a7
Network_Resource_Name:
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/csmp/OffshorePigeonPoint/data_catalog_OffshorePigeonPoint.html
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds781
Access_Instructions:
The first link will begin a direct download of the data. The second link is a landing page on which all of the downloadable data for a particular region are listed. The third link is a landing page for the entire data catalog.
Fees: none
Technical_Prerequisites:
The downloadable data file has been compressed with the "zip" command and can be unzipped with Winzip (or other tool) on Windows systems. To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of uncompressing the WinZip file and importing and viewing an Esri ArcMap TIFF. Users should download the ArcGIS Project File, OffshorePigeonPointGIS.mxd.zip, a compressed (with the "zip" command) version of the ArcMap document (.mxd) that has all the data layers loaded in the table of contents for "Offshore Pigeon Point" and has all the data symbolized as on the data release map sheets. Download and save this ArcGIS project file, including all data layers, to the directory the user has created for this GIS.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20211101
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060-5792
Country: US
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

Generated by mp version 2.9.50 on Thu Nov 4 17:27:55 2021