U.S. Geological Survey 2016 1.0 raster digital data data release DOI:10.5066/F7MW2F60 Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/F7MW2F60 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-002-FA/data/backscatter/2014-002-FA_SwathBS.zip E.A. Pendleton S.D. Ackerman W.E. Baldwin W.W. Danforth D.S. Foster E.R. Thieler L.L. Brothers 2015 4.0 document data release DOI:10.5066/F7MW2F60 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/F7MW2F60 The Delmarva Peninsula is a 220-kilometer-long headland, spit, and barrier island complex that was significantly affected by Hurricane Sandy. A U.S. Geological Survey cruise was conducted in the summer of 2014 to map the inner continental shelf of the Delmarva Peninsula using geophysical and sampling techniques to define the geologic framework that governs coastal system evolution at storm-event and longer timescales. Data collected during the 2014 cruise include swath bathymetry, sidescan sonar, chirp and boomer seismic-reflection profiles, acoustic Doppler current profiler, and sample and bottom photograph data. Processed data in raster and vector format are released for the swath bathymetry, sidescan sonar, and seismic-reflection profiles. More information about the USGS survey conducted as part of the Hurricane Sandy Response-- Geologic Framework and Coastal Vulnerability Study can be found at the project website or on the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Field Activity Web pages: https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/delmarva/ and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2014-002-FA This 2-m uninterpolated SwathPlus backscatter image was created from swath interferometric data. These data, although they contain small data gaps, are included in addition to side scan sonar data due to the higher positional accuracy of these data when compared to sidescan backscatter. Backscatter data are useful geophysical datasets for geologic framework studies. These data can be used in conjunction with other geophysical and sample data to identifying sea-floor morphology and sediment texture. 20140627 20140725 ground condition; data were not collected on 20140702-20140704; 20140709; 20140714-20140715 due to weather Complete None planned 75.388328 -74.906600 38.435211 37.797342 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:dbcab5e1-abd2-47b6-961e-ed635bad069f None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP interferometric backscatter SEA SWATHplus-M swath backscatter GeoTIFF interferometry field activity number 2014-002-FA backscatter Marine Geology Bathyswath acoustic backscatter BigTIFF ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation imageryBaseMapsEarthCover oceans USGS Thesaurus sea-floor acoustic reflectivity image mosaics interferometric sonar marine geophysics geospatial datasets None Atlantic Ocean Delmarva Peninsula Delaware Maryland Virginia Ocean City Mid-Atlantic Salisbury Cape Henlopen Rehoboth Lewes Delaware Bay Isle of Wight Assateague Island Assateague Island National Seashore Chincoteague Island Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge Chincoteague Inlet Chincoteague Bay Wallops Island Parramore Island Hog Island None sea floor seafloor None Not to be used for navigation. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Elizabeth Pendleton U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

U.S. Geological Survey

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 (508) 548-8700x2259 (508)-457-2310 ependleton@usgs.gov https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-002-FA/data/backscatter/2014_002_FA_SwathBS_2m_100.png thumbnail image of SwathPlus backscatter data for the Delmarva Peninsula PNG U.S. Geological Survey Microsoft Windows Version 7.0 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850 This image represents uninterpolated swath interferometric backscatter data at 2.0 meter resolution. The swath width of the interferometric sonar is limited by water depth and other oceanographic conditions like changes in the speed of sound due to salinity, temperature, and stratification. 100 percent overlap was not achieved in all areas of the survey. Small data gaps exist due to the limited range of the sonar, and these gaps were left unfilled in the mosaic. Trackline artifacts associated with NADIR and acquisition parameters can also be seen in the mosaic. Survey line bathymetry data that were collected within the Delmarva survey area were incorporated in this grid with the exception of the lines listed below. These lines were left out of the final mosaic either because the data quality were poor, the lines were duplicated or superseded by another line of better data quality, the line was a jog around a shoal and was redundant, or their contribution to the final product was not significant, such as the widely spaced (3 km) boomer seismic lines. l1f1-f3; l2f1-f5; l3f1-f3; l5f3; l4f1-f4; l5f1-f2; l6f1-f2; l7f1-f5; l8f1-f3; l9f1-f3; l10f1-f5;l11f1-f2; l12f1-f3; l13f1-f3; l12f1-f4; l15f1-f3; l16f1-f2; l17f1-f3; l19f1-l19f8; l20f-l20f8; l21f1-f8; l22f1-f7; l23f1-f8; l23f1-f8; l24f1-f7; l25f1-f2 ;l26f; l27f1-f2; l28f1; l29f1-f2; l30f1-f2; l31f1; l32f1-f2; l33f1; l34f1-f2; l35f1;l36f1-f2; l37f1; l38f1-f2; l39f1; l40f1-f3; l41f1;l42f1-f2; l43f1; l44f1-f2; l50f10; l51f1-l5f4; l52f1-l52f2; l100f1-l100f3; l96f1; l103f3; l155f2; l163f3; and t1f1-t13f1. Navigation was acquired with a Coda Octopus F185 Differential Global Positioning System + Wide Area Augmentation System (DGPS+WAAS), which is accurate to + or - 1 to 2 meters, horizontally and RTK positioning from an Ashtech Proflex 800, which is accurate to less than 1-meter, horizontally. X,Y data are referenced to WGS84. The SWATHPlus transducers were mounted on a rigid pole, approximately 4.195 m below the water line, along the port side of the M/V Scarlett Isabella. The DGPS antenna and an Ashtech ProFlex 800 RTK GPS were located on the same pole approximately 4.6 m above the sea surface. RTCM corrections were being delivered via the web (ethernet) to the Ashtech ProFlex 800 from shore stations in MD and VA (ethernet satellite link is from a KVH Mini-VSAT Broadband receiver). The RTK corrections were passed through to the F185R giving the SWATHplus system kinematic (x,y) positioning accuracy from Julian Day 170 and later. Lines (l1f1-l7f1) collected prior to 20140719 at 12:40:00 UTC were recorded with WAAS-enabled DGPS because the F185 was not receiving RTCM corrections from the Ashtech ProFlex800. Positional offsets from antennae to MRU were corrected within the SWATHPlus acquisition software. WAAS enabled DGPS accuracy is estimated to be less than 3 m and the accuracy of RTK-GPS is estimated to be less than 1 m. U.S. Geological Survey Unpublished Material raster digital data disc 20140618 20140722 ground condition; data were not collected on 20140702-20140704; 20140709; 20140714-20140715 due to weather raw backscatter USGS used a 234 kHz Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. (SEA) SWATHplus interferometric sonar (now BathySwath) mounted on the port side of the M/V Scarlett Isabella. The motion reference unit was located on the head of the transducer. Survey lines were run at an average speed of 5 knots and were spaced 200 m apart in the nearshore. The SEA SWATHplus-M (BathySwath-1) operates at a frequency of 234 kHz and a variable range (increased or decreased manually depending on water depth, but generally 85-100 m on both sides). The system was operated with a transmit power of 80 percent, a transmit length of 43 cycles, and 4096 samples per channel. Each raw BathySwath bathymetric sonar file (sxr) was imported into SonarWiz version 6.01.0009 software on the M/V Scarlet Isabella for preliminary shipboard processing. Each line received a bottom tracking correction to remove the water column at nadir. SonarWiz has an automatic bottom-tracking algorithm that generally performs well in most coastal settings. Auto tracking parameters for this survey were set to a blanking value of 4; a duration value of 2; and a threshold of 19 with line smoothing turned on. Some lines required further adjustment to the auto bottom tracking delineation, which can be addressed by manually editing the altitude line in SonarWiz. The only gain function applied in SonarWiz during shipboard processing was an empirical gain normalization function (EGN). The Overlap Mode in the SonarWiz project was set to root mean square (RMS), which displays backscatter data in overlapping areas using an RMS adjustment. 20140730 Elizabeth Pendleton U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

U.S. Geological Survey

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 USA (508) 548-8700x2259 (508)-457-2310 ependleton@usgs.gov The interferometric backscatter mosaic was exported from SonarWiz version 6.01.0026 as an 8-bit GeoTIFF (UTM Zone 18N, WGS 84) at 2-m resolution. High backscatter values are shown by light tones and low backscatter values are shown by dark tones in the imagery. A world file with the same prefix file name and .tfw extension was created in ArcMap version 10.3.1 using EXPORT RASTER WORLD FILE tool. 20150730 Elizabeth Pendleton U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

U.S. Geological Survey

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508)-548-8700x2259 (508)-457-2310 ependleton@usgs.gov The online links to the data were updated to reflect the new server hosting the data. Additionally, other small edits could be made to the metadata, such as modifying http to https where appropriate. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. 20170418 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. 20180720 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20200908 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Raster Pixel Universal Transverse Mercator 18 N 0.999600 -75 0 500000.0 0.0 row and column 2 2 meters D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.000000 298.257224 There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Pixel values for the GeoTIFF have a possible 8-bit pixel range of 0 to 255. However, the acoustic reflectivity data range from 1 to 53. Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). In this TIFF format, the NODATA values are represented as NODATA. U.S. Geological Survey Elizabeth A. Pendleton U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 (508) 548-8700x2259 (508) 457-2310 ependleton@usgs.gov USGS data release 2014-002-FA interferometric backscatter from the Delmarva Peninsula area (2014-002-FA_SwathBS.zip). The zip file contains the following a GeoTiff image in BigTIFF format: (2014-002-FA_SwathBS_2m.tif) with a world file (2014-002-FA_SwathBS_2m.tfw). A browse graphic (2014_002_FA_SwathBS_2m_100.png) and FGDC CSDGM metadata files (2014_002_FA_SwathBS_2m.xml) in four standard formats are also included in the zip file. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. GeoTIFF ArcMap version 10.3.1 GeoTIFF image (BigTIFF format) The zip file (WinZip v 14.5) contains a folder with a GeoTIFF image at 2-meter resolution and the associated metadata and world files Use WinZip or pkUnzip 74 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-002-FA/data/backscatter/2014-002-FA_SwathBS.zip https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-002-FA/ https://doi.org/10.5066/F7MW2F60 None none The image contained in the ZIP file is available as BigTIFF GeoTIFF image with a world file. To utilize these data, the user must have an image viewer, or an image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a BigTIFF image. This image may not open in older GIS software (earlier than version 10.0) 20240318 Elizabeth A. Pendleton U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

U.S. Geological Survey

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2259 508-457-2310 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time