Page C. Valentine
2020
Seabed still images in JPEG format and image locations collected on Stellwagen Bank during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 2014-066-FA, aboard the R/V Auk, November 10, 2014
1.0
raster
data release
DOI:10.5066/P9EQM8MK
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EQM8MK
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-066-FA/
Page C. Valentine
VeeAnn A. Cross
2020
Sea-Floor Sediment Samples, Seabed Imagery, and CTD Instrument Data Collected on Stellwagen Bank in November, 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2014-066-FA
1.0
data release
DOI:10.5066/P9EQM8MK
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
Suggested citation: Valentine, P.C., and Cross, V.A., 2020, Sea-floor sediment samples, seabed imagery, and CTD instrument data collected on Stellwagen Bank in November, 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2014-066-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EQM8MK.
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EQM8MK
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-066-FA/
This field activity is part of the effort to map geologic substrates of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts. The overall goal is to develop high-resolution (1:25,000) interpretive maps, based on multibeam sonar data and seabed sampling, showing surficial geology and seabed sediment dynamics. This cruise was conducted in collaboration with the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, and the data collected will aid research on the ecology of fish and invertebrate species that inhabit the region. The Sanctuary's research vessel, R/V Auk, visited 44 locations on Stellwagen Bank at which a customized Van Veen grab sampler (SEABOSS) equipped with a video camera and a CTD was deployed in drift mode to collect sediment for grain-size analysis, video imagery of the seabed, and measurements of water column properties.
To provide images of the sea floor acquired with the SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS). These data provide ground-truth information for geophysical datasets and are used in seabed interpretations.
The locations for each image can be extracted from the EXIF header of the images (described in the process steps). Alternatively, the image locations are available from the 2014-066-FA_station_data_summary file available from the Larger Work citation.
Additional information regarding the field activity can be obtained from https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2014-066-FA.
20141110
ground condition when data were collected
None planned
-70.449150
-70.138550
42.421400
42.170970
None
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
CMHRP
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
WHCMSC
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOAA
ground-truth
seabed images
JPEG
SEABed Observation and Sampling System
SEABOSS
video image grab
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
geoscientificInformation
location
USGS Thesaurus
marine geology
image collections
underwater photography
sea-floor characteristics
field monitoring stations
Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
photographic sampling
seabed
marine geology
None
North America
United States
Massachusetts
Atlantic Ocean
Stellwagen Bank
Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary
SBNMS
Massachusetts Bay
None.
None.
U.S. Geological Survey
Page C. Valentine
Research Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2239
(508) 457-2310
pvalentine@usgs.gov
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-066-FA/data/imagery/2014-066-FA_seabedimage_browse.jpg
Browse graphic of an example seabed still image on Stellwagen Bank.
JPEG
D.S. Blackwood
K.F. Parolski
2001
Seabed observation and sampling system
Sea Technology
v. 42, no. 2, p.39-43
P. Valentine
D. Blackwood
K. Parolski
2000
Seabed observation and sampling system
U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet
FS-142-00
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14200
https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs142-00/
Page C. Valentine
VeeAnn A. Cross
2019
Location and analyses of sediment samples collected on Stellwagen Bank off Boston, Massachusetts from November 5, 2013 to April 30, 2019 on U.S. Geological Survey field activities
data release
DOI:10.5066/P9FWFLPD
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
This publication includes the sediment sample analyses information associated with this field activity and 19 other field activities.
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FWFLPD
https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5d95153ee4b0c4f70d10a4f7
The image names are in the format staXXXX_Y.jpg where XXXX is the station number and Y is the image number at that station. Each station has 2 images - one showing a broader view of the landscape (Y=1) and the second a close-up of the seabed (Y=2). The difference in view is related to the closeness of the SEABOSS to the seafloor. See the cross-references for a description of SEABOSS. The two images from a station are not from the same geographic location on the video drift, but the EXIF header information in each is the same. This is because the video source imagery did not display time. The latitude and longitude of the two images is based on the station location time recorded in the cruise logbook (the location of a sediment sample, or if no sample was collected, the video drift end location). The latitude and longitude of a station recorded in the logbook were later adjusted to match the latitude and longitude recorded at that time in the GPS navigation file. The 2014-066-FA_station_data_summary (available from the Larger Work citation) station locations are the same as the image locations at each station. Typically the station numbers are sequential starting with 42. There are four exceptions to this – stations 4417, 4418, 4419 and 4420. The original field number had to be replaced because that original value had been used on another cruise.
Each station has 2 images - one showing a broader view of the landscape and the second a close-up of the seabed that was recorded when sampling was attempted. With 44 stations, this makes a total of 88 JPEG images. In some images from shallow depths, ambient daylight is the dominant light source and causes the images to have a “greenish” coloration.
Although the images do not represent spatial data, the spatial information is available in the EXIF header of each image, which is derived from the station location in the station data summary file (available from the Larger Work citation). The location information for stations was acquired from a satellite navigation receiver (Furuno satellite compass SC-30, GPS receiver) with a horizontal accuracy of 10 m. Navigation data was recorded within a range of 2 sec to 1 min 3 sec due to a problem with the GPS receiver. The navigation antenna is located 5.3 m forward of the SEABOSS deployment location. This offset was not accounted for in the navigation acquisition (navigation fixes represent antenna location).
Seabed video imagery was collected using one battery-operated, high-definition (1920 x 1080 pixels) GoPro digital video camera mounted on the USGS SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS). As the SEABOSS drifted over the seabed, the GoPro camera imaged the seabed at a rate of 60 frames per second from an altitude of ~1 meter. Lighting was provided by one battery-operated Keldan LED video light that provided a light flux of up to 9000 lumens at a correlated color temperature of 5000 kelvins. Two parallel red lasers mounted 20 centimeters apart provided a scale in the video images.
Video imagery includes the launch of the SEABOSS, transit through the water column, and the drift over the seabed. The duration of individual video files ranges from 3.1 to 9.4 minutes. Video files are archived in .MP4 format and range in size from 0.7 to 2.1 gigabytes.
These video files are not part of this data release. Video files are archived at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, 384 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543.
2014
U.S. Geological Survey
Page C. Valentine
Research Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2239
(508) 457-2310
pvalentine@usgs.gov
Video frame-grab images were extracted from high-definition (1920 x 1080 pixels) GoPro digital video using open source VLC Media Player software (version 2.0.0) developed by the VideoLAN project. http://www.videolan.org/vlc/index.html
Two video frame-grab images are provided for each station. One image (staXXXX_1) shows a broad view of the landscape as the SEABOSS drifted over the seabed. The second image (staXXXX_2) shows a close-up of the seabed as the SEABOSS was stationary during the collection of the sediment sample. Where visible, the two parallel red lasers mounted 20 cm apart provide a scale.
2019
U.S. Geological Survey
Page C. Valentine
Research Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2239
(508) 457-2310
pvalentine@usgs.gov
Using 2014-066-FA_station_data_summary.csv, the approximate time and location of each photo was derived. The location (latitude and longitude), date, and time for each station was extracted from the CSV file. This information was reformatted using an AWK script so that the following columns of information were available: image name (based on the station number), latitude, longitude, GPS time (in the format HH:MM:SS), and GPS date (in the format YYYYMMDD). This information was written to a CSV file - 2014-066-FA_image_locations.csv
2014-066-FA_station_data_summary.csv
2020
2014-066-FA_image_locations.csv
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
A Python script (writeexif_2_readfile_7_25_19.py executed with IDLE version 2.7.14) was then run that incorporated the information from 2014-066-FA_image_locations.csv, along with additional information, into the appropriate locations in the EXIF header of each GoPro grab image. Although the two images from each station are not from the exact same place, the same information for that station was populated in each photo. The Python script uses ExifTool (version 11.54) to write the information to the image headers of the full-resolution images. The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers. Information is duplicated in some tags because different software packages access different tags.
>
GPS tags: The values populated are unique for each station image and based on the information exported from 2014-066-FA_station_data_summary.csv.
>
>GPSLatitudeRef
>GPSLatitude
>GPSLongitudeRef
>GPSLongitude
>GPSTimeStamp
>GSPDateStamp
>
JPEG tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it, which is the same for every image.
>
>comment: Image grabs from a GoPro digital video camera mounted on the USGS SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Auk during survey 2014-066-FA ( https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2014-066-FA ).
>
EXIF tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image.
>
>ImageDescription: Image grab of the sea floor on Stellwagen Bank from survey 2014-066-FA
>Artist: Page C. Valentine
>Copyright: Public Domain - please credit the U.S. Geological Survey
>UserComment: Image part of USGS data release https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EQM8MK
>
IPTC tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image.
>
>Credit: U.S. Geological Survey
>Contact: WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov
>keywords: Stellwagen Bank, Massachusetts, 2014-066-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS, ground-truth, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EQM8MK
>CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey
>Caption-Abstract: Image grab of the sea floor on Stellwagen Bank from survey 2014-066-FA
>
XMP tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image.
>
>Caption: Image grab of the sea floor on Stellwagen Bank from survey 2014-066-FA
>
To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 11.54):
>
exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription -UserComment *.jpg > out.csv
>
The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. Whether you use exiftool or exiftool.exe will depend on the system on which the command is being run.
2020
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Location information in the EXIF header and also indicated by the station location in the station data summary data file (available from the Larger Work citation).
0.000001
0.000001
Decimal degrees
D_WGS_1984
WGS_1984
6378137.000000
298.257224
Although the images do not have attributes per se, the EXIF header information can be extracted or viewed to give additional information about each image. The process step explains how to extract the information from the image header, and is replicated here.
To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 11.54):
>
exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription -UserComment *.jpg > out.csv
>
The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. Whether you use exiftool or exiftool.exe will depend on the system on which the command is being run.
U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Geological Survey
Page C. Valentine
Research Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2239
(508) 457-2310
pvalentine@usgs.gov
2014-066-FA_SeabedImages.zip contains the 88 JPEG images that are grabs from the video (2 images at each station), the browse graphic (2014-066-FA_seabedimage_browse.jpg) and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in TXT, XML, and HTML formats.
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
JPEG
The ZIP file contains JPEG image files, the browse graphic, and the associated FGDC CSDGM metadata.
43
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-066-FA/data/imagery/2014-066-FA_SeabedImages.zip
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EQM8MK
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2014-066-FA/
The first link is to download the data in a ZIP file. The second and third links are to the landing page of the data. The last two links go to the same place; one is the DOI designation of the publication.
none
The ZIP file contains images in JPEG format. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the ZIP file and viewing the JPEG images.
20200421
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02556-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998