Page C. Valentine
2018
Seabed still images in JPEG format collected on Stellwagen Bank during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 2017-043-FA, aboard the R/V Auk, Aug. 22 and 23, 2017
1.0
raster
data release
DOI:10.5066/P9A57QWI
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A57QWI
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2017-043-FA/
Page C. Valentine
VeeAnn A. Cross
2018
Sea-Floor Sediment Samples, Seabed Imagery, and CTD Instrument Data Collected on Stellwagen Bank in August 2017, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2017-043-FA
1.0
data release
DOI:10.5066/P9A57QWI
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
Suggested citation: Valentine, P.C., and Cross, V.A., 2018, Sea-floor sediment samples, seabed imagery, and CTD instrument data collected on Stellwagen Bank in August 2017, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2017-043-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A57QWI.
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A57QWI
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2017-043-FA/
This field activity is part of an effort to map geologic substrates of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts. The overall goal is to develop high-resolution (1:25,000-scale) interpretive maps, based on multibeam sonar data and seabed sampling, showing surficial geology and seabed sediment dynamics. The data collected in this study will aid research on the ecology of fish and invertebrate species that inhabit the region. On August 22 and 23, 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, conducted a research cruise aboard the Sanctuary’s Research Vessel Auk, visiting 39 locations within the sanctuary. A customized Van Veen grab sampler (SEABOSS) equipped with a video camera and a conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) instrument was deployed in drift mode to collect sediment for grain-size analysis, video imagery of the seabed, and measurements of water column properties.
To provide still images representative of the sea floor that were extracted from video imagery acquired with the SEABed OBservation and Sampling System (SEABOSS). These data provide ground-truth information for geophysical datasets and are used in seabed interpretations. The images have location information in the EXIF header and are also the same as the station locations in the 2017-043-FA_station_data_summary file available from the Larger Work citation.
Additional information regarding this field activity is available from https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-043-FA.
20170822
20170823
ground condition of when data were collected.
None planned
-70.408960
-70.226370
42.194880
42.084520
None
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Coastal and Marine Geology Program
CMGP
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
WHCMSC
sea floor images
seabed photographs
ground-truth
seabed images
JPEG
SEABed Observation and Sampling System
SEABOSS
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
geoscientificInformation
USGS Thesaurus
image collections
sea-floor characteristics
marine geology
field monitoring stations
None
North America
United States
Massachusetts
Atlantic Ocean
Stellwagen Bank
Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary
SBNMS
Massachusetts Bay
None.
None.
U.S. Geological Survey
Page C. Valentine
Research Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2239
(508) 457-2310
pvalentine@usgs.gov
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2017-043-FA/data/imagery/2017-043-FA_seabedimage_browse.jpg
Browse graphic of an example seabed still image on Stellwagen Bank.
JPEG
D.S. Blackwood
K.F. Parolski
2001
Seabed observation and sampling system
Sea Technology
v. 42, no. 2, p.39-43
P. Valentine
D. Blackwood
K. Parolski
2000
Seabed observation and sampling system
U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet
FS-142-00
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs142-00/
The image names are in the format staXXXX_Y.jpg where XXXX is the station number and Y is the image number at that station. Each station has 2 images - one showing a broader view of the landscape (Y=1) and the second a close-up of the seabed (Y=2). The difference in view is related to the closeness of the SEABOSS system to the seafloor. All the images are from one camera except for stations 4656 and 4662 for which images came from backup cameras mounted slightly higher on the SEABOSS system because the preferred camera was non-functional. Although the two images from a station are not from the exact same location, the EXIF header information in each is the same. This is because the video source imagery did not display time. So the latitude and longitude of the two images is based on the station location time recorded in the cruise log book (the location of a sediment sample; or if no sample collected, the video drift end location). The latitude and longitude position of a station recorded in the log book was adjusted by reference to the latitude and longitude recorded at that time in the GPS navigation file. The 2017-043-FA_station_data_summary (available from the Larger Work citation) station locations are the same as the image locations at each station number.
Some of the images have a green tint to them. This is due to the ambient light in the shallow water.
Each station has 2 images - one showing a broader view of the landscape and the second a close-up of the seabed that was recorded when sampling was attempted. With 39 stations, this makes a total of 78 JPEG images.
Although the images do not represent spatial data, the spatial information is available in the EXIF header of each image, which is derived from the station data summary file (available from the Larger Work citation). The location information for stations was acquired from a satellite navigation receiver (Furuno satellite compass SC-30, GPS receiver) at two second intervals with a horizontal accuracy of 10 m. The navigation antenna is located 5.3 m forward of the SEABOSS deployment location. This offset was not accounted for in the navigation acquisition (navigation fixes represent antenna location).
Seabed video images were collected using a battery-operated, high-definition (1920 x 1080 pixels) GoPro digital video camera mounted on the USGS SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS). The SEABOSS system had two GoPro cameras and a Seaviewer camera attached to it. The Seaviewer camera had a live feed to the surface and was used only to observe obstacles, like gill nets and lobster gear, in order to avoid entanglement. In the case of camera failure, the additional cameras provided backup video, which was needed for stations 4656 and 4662.
As the SEABOSS drifted over the seabed, the cameras imaged the seabed at a rate of 60 frames per second from an altitude of ~1 meter. Lighting was provided by two, battery-operated Keldan LED video lights. Each light provided a light flux of up to 9000 lumens at a correlated color temperature of 5000 kelvins. Two parallel red lasers mounted 20 centimeters apart provided a scale in the video images.
Video imagery includes the launch and recovery of the SEABOSS, transit through the water column, and the drift over the seabed. The duration of individual video files ranges from 4 to 10 minutes. Video files are archived in .MP4 format (except for station 4656 in .mov format) format and range in size from 0.9 to 5 gigabytes. These video files are not available as part of this data release.
Video files are archived at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, 384 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543.
2017
U.S. Geological Survey
Page C. Valentine
Research Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2239
(508) 457-2310
pvalentine@usgs.gov
Video frame-grab images were extracted from high-definition (1920 x 1080 pixels) GoPro digital video by reviewing the video from each station and saving a frame-grab image that clearly showed the seabed. These images were obtained using open source VLC Media Player software (version 2.0.0) developed by the VideoLAN project. http://www.videolan.org/vlc/index.html
Two video frame-grab images are provided for each station. One image (staxxxx_1.jpg) shows a broad view of the landscape as the SEABOSS drifted over the seabed. The second image (staxxxx_2.jpg) shows a close-up of the seabed as the SEABOSS was stationary during the collection of the sediment sample. The xxxx is the station number. Where visible, the two parallel red lasers mounted 20 cm apart provide a scale.
2017
U.S. Geological Survey
Page C. Valentine
Research Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2239
(508) 457-2310
pvalentine@usgs.gov
Using the 2017-043-FA_station_data_summary.csv, the approximate time and location of each photo was derived. Two stations in the summary file were for plankton tows, so those records were deleted for this process. The station location (latitude and longitude), date and time for each station was extracted from the CSV file. This information was reformatted using an awk script (awkphoto_2017-043-FA) so that the following columns of information were available: image name (based on the station number), julian day, GPS date (in the format YYYYMMDD), GPS time (in the format HH:MM:SS), latitude, and longitude. This information was written to a CSV file - 2017-043-FA_image_locations.csv. This process step and subsequent process steps (unless otherwise noted), were performed by the same person - VeeAnn A. Cross.
2017-043-FA_station_data_summary.csv
2017
2017-043-FA_image_locations.csv
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
A python script (writeexif_2_readfile_11_24_15.py executed with IDLE version 2.7.3) was then run that incorporated the information from 2017-043-FA_image_locations.csv, along with additional information, into the appropriate locations in the EXIF header of each GoPro grab image at each station. Although the two images from each station aren't from exactly the same place, the same information for that station was populated in each photo.The PYTHON script uses ExifTool (version 9.4.6.0) to write the information to the image headers of the full-resolution images. The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers. Information is duplicated in some tags. This was done because different software packages access different tags.
>
GPS tags: The values populated are unique for each image and based on the information exported from the photo locations shapefile.
>
>GPSLatitudeRef
>GPSLatitude
>GPSLongitudeRef
>GPSLongitude
>GPSTimeStamp
>GSPDateStamp
>
JPEG tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it.
>
comment:Image grabs from a GoPro digital video camera mounted on the USGS SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Auk during survey 2017-043-FA ( https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2017-043-FA ).
>
EXIF tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image.
>
>ImageDescription:Image grab of the sea floor in Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2017-043-FA
>Artist: Page C. Valentine
>Copyright: Public Domain - please credit the U.S. Geological Survey
>
IPTC tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image.
>
>Credit: U.S. Geological Survey
>Contact: WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov
>Keywords: Stellwagen Bank, Massachusetts, 2017-043-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS, ground-truth
>CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey
>Caption-Abstract: Image grab of the sea floor in Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2017-043-FA
>
XMP tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image.
>
>Caption: Image grab of the sea floor in Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2017-043-FA
>
To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 9.4.6.0):
>
exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription *.jpg > out.csv
>
The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees.
2017-043-FA_image_locations.csv
*.jpg
20180109
*.jpg
Location information in the EXIF header and also indicated by the station location in the station data summary data file (available from the Larger Work citation).
0.000001
0.000001
Decimal degrees
D_WGS_1984
WGS_1984
6378137.000000
298.257224
Although the seabed images do not have attributes per se, the EXIF header information can be extracted or viewed to give additional information about each image.
U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Geological Survey
Page C. Valentine
Research Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2239
(508) 457-2310
pvalentine@usgs.gov
2017-043-FA_SeabedImages.zip contains the 78 JPEG images that are grabs from the video (2 images at each station), the browse graphic (2017-043-FA_seabedimage_browse.jpg) and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in TXT, XML, and HTML formats.
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
JPEG
The zip file contains JPEG image files, browse graphic, and the associated FGDC CSDGM metadata.
34
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2017-043-FA/data/imagery/2017-043-FA_SeabedImages.zip
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A57QWI
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2017-043-FA/
The first link is to download the data in a zip file. The second and third links are to the landing page of the data. Although the last two links go to the same place, one is the DOI designation of the publication.
none
The zip file contains images in JPEG format. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the zip file and viewing the JPEG images.
20180504
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02556-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998