Page C. Valentine
2020
Seabed still images in JPEG format and image locations collected on Stellwagen Bank during U.S. Geological Survey field activity 2019-008-FA, aboard the R/V Auk, July 30, 31, and August 1, 2019
1.0
raster
data release
DOI:10.5066/P93ATKSC
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
https://doi.org/10.5066/P93ATKSC
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2019-008-FA/
Page C. Valentine
VeeAnn A. Cross
2020
Sea-floor sediment samples, seabed imagery, and CTD instrument data collected on Stellwagen Bank in July and August, 2019, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2019-008-FA
1.0
data release
DOI:10.5066/P93ATKSC
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
Suggested citation: Valentine, P.C., and Cross, V.A., 2020, Sea-floor sediment samples, seabed imagery, and CTD instrument data collected on Stellwagen Bank in July and August, 2019, U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2019-008-FA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P93ATKSC .
https://doi.org/10.5066/P93ATKSC
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2019-008-FA/
This field activity is part of the effort to map geologic substrates of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts. The overall goal is to develop high-resolution (1:25,000) interpretive maps, based on multibeam sonar data and seabed sampling, showing surficial geology and seabed sediment dynamics. This cruise was conducted in collaboration with the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, and the data collected will aid research on the ecology of fish and invertebrate species that inhabit the region. The Sanctuary's research vessel, R/V Auk, visited 53 locations on Stellwagen Bank at which a customized Van Veen grab sampler (SEABOSS) equipped with a video camera and a CTD was deployed in drift mode to collect sediment for grain-size analysis, video imagery of the seabed, and measurements of water column properties.
To provide images of the sea floor acquired with the SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS). These data provide ground-truth information for geophysical datasets and are used in seabed interpretations.
The locations for each image can be extracted from the EXIF header of the images (described in the process steps). Alternatively, the image locations are available from the 2019-008-FA_station_data_summary file available from the Larger Work citation.
Additional information regarding the field activity can be obtained from https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-008-FA .
20190730
20190801
Ground condition of when data were collected. There were three days of data collection, July 30, 31, and August 1, 2019.
None planned
-70.456940
-70.137190
42.422040
42.170200
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:1b42cfa3-8cf7-430e-8477-8ec19b300a14
None
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
CMHRP
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
WHCMSC
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOAA
ground-truth
seabed images
JPEG
SEABed Observation and Sampling System
SEABOSS
video image grab
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
geoscientificInformation
location
USGS Thesaurus
marine geology
image collections
underwater photography
sea-floor characteristics
field monitoring stations
Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
photographic sampling
seabed
marine geology
None
North America
United States
Massachusetts
Atlantic Ocean
Stellwagen Bank
Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary
SBNMS
Massachusetts Bay
None.
None.
U.S. Geological Survey
Page C. Valentine
Research Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2239
(508) 457-2310
pvalentine@usgs.gov
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2019-008-FA/data/imagery/2019-008-FA_seabedimage_browse.jpg
Browse graphic of an example seabed still image on Stellwagen Bank.
JPEG
D.S. Blackwood
K.F. Parolski
2001
Seabed observation and sampling system
Sea Technology
v. 42, no. 2, p.39-43
P. Valentine
D. Blackwood
K. Parolski
2000
Seabed observation and sampling system
U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet
FS-142-00
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14200
https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs142-00/
The image names are in the format staXXXX_Y.jpg where XXXX is the station number and Y is the image number at that station. Each station has 2 images - one showing a broader view of the landscape (Y=1) and the second a close-up of the seabed (Y=2). The difference in view is related to the closeness of the SEABOSS to the seafloor. See the cross-references for a description of SEABOSS (Blackwood and Parolski, 2001; Valentine and others, 2000). The two images from a station are not from the same geographic location on the video drift, but the EXIF header information in each is the same. This is because the video source imagery did not display time. The latitude and longitude of the two images are based on the station location time recorded in the cruise logbook (the location of a sediment sample, or if no sample was collected, the video drift end location). The latitude and longitude of stations recorded in the logbook were later adjusted to match the latitude and longitude recorded at that time in the GPS navigation file. The 2019-008-FA_station_data_summary (available from the Larger Work citation) station locations are the same as the image locations at each station.
Each station has 2 images - one showing a broader view of the landscape and the second a close-up of the seabed that was recorded when sampling was attempted. With 53 stations, this makes a total of 106 JPEG images. In some images from shallow depths, ambient daylight is the dominant light source and causes the images to have a “greenish” coloration.
Although the images do not represent spatial data, the spatial information is available in the EXIF header of each image, which is derived from the station location in the station data summary file (available from the Larger Work citation). The location information for stations was acquired from a satellite navigation receiver (Furuno satellite compass SC-30, GPS receiver) at two second intervals with a horizontal accuracy of 10 m. The navigation antenna is located 5.3 m forward of the SEABOSS deployment location. This offset was not accounted for in the navigation acquisition (navigation fixes represent antenna location).
Seabed video imagery was collected using two battery-operated, high-definition (1920 x 1080 pixels) GoPro digital video camera and a Seaviewer high-definition (1920 x 720 pixels) digital camera mounted on the USGS SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SEABOSS). The Seaviewer camera had a live feed to the surface and was used only to observe obstacles, like gill nets and lobster gear, in order to avoid entanglement. In the case of camera failure, the additional cameras provided backup video. All images collected here were acquired with a GoPro camera. As the SEABOSS drifted over the seabed, the forward-looking camera imaged the seabed at a rate of 60 frames per second from an altitude of ~1 meter. Lighting was provided by two battery-operated Keldan LED video lights. Each light provided a light flux of up to 9000 lumens at a correlated color temperature of 5000 kelvins. Two parallel red lasers mounted 20 centimeters apart provided a scale in the video images.
Video imagery includes the launch of the SEABOSS, transit through the water column, and the drift over the seabed. The duration of individual video files ranges from 3.8 to 11.6 minutes. Video files are archived in .MP4 format and range in size from 0.9 to 2.6 gigabytes.
These video files are not part of this data release. Video files are archived at the USGS Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, 384 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543.
2019
U.S. Geological Survey
Page C. Valentine
Research Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2239
(508) 457-2310
pvalentine@usgs.gov
Video frame-grab images were extracted from high-definition (1920 x 1080 pixels) GoPro digital video using open source VLC Media Player software (version 2.0.0) developed by the VideoLAN project ( http://www.videolan.org/vlc/index.html ).
Two video frame-grab images are provided for each station. One image (staXXXX_1) shows a broad view of the landscape as the SEABOSS drifted over the seabed. The second image (staXXXX_2) shows a close-up of the seabed as the SEABOSS was stationary during the collection of the sediment sample. Where visible, the two parallel red lasers mounted 20 cm apart provide a scale.
2019
U.S. Geological Survey
Page C. Valentine
Research Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2239
(508) 457-2310
pvalentine@usgs.gov
Using 2019-008-FA_station_data_summary.csv, the approximate time and location of each photo was derived. The location (latitude and longitude), date, and time for each station was extracted from the CSV file. This information was reformatted using an AWK script so that the following columns of information were available: image name (based on the station number), latitude, longitude, GPS time (in the format HH:MM:SS), and GPS date (in the format YYYYMMDD). This information was written to a CSV file - 2019-008-FA_image_locations.csv
2019-008-FA_station_data_summary.csv
2020
2019-008-FA_image_locations.csv
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
A Python script (writeexif_2_readfile_7_25_19.py executed with IDLE version 2.7.14 on a Windows 2010 machine) was then run that incorporated the information from 2019-008-FA_image_locations.csv, along with additional information, into the appropriate locations in the EXIF header of each GoPro grab image. Although the two images from each station are not from the exact same place, the same information for that station was populated in each photo. The Python script uses ExifTool ( version 11.54 https://exiftool.org ) to write the information to the image headers of the full-resolution images. The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers. Information is duplicated in some tags because different software packages access different tags.
>
GPS tags: The values populated are unique for each station image and based on the information exported from 2019-008-FA_station_data_summary.csv.
>
>GPSLatitudeRef
>GPSLatitude
>GPSLongitudeRef
>GPSLongitude
>GPSTimeStamp
>GSPDateStamp
>
JPEG tag: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it, which is the same for every image.
>
>comment: Image grabs from a GoPro digital video camera mounted on the USGS SEABOSS deployed from the R/V Auk during survey 2019-008-FA ( https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-008-FA ).
>
EXIF tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it, which is the same for every image.
>
>ImageDescription: Image grab of the sea floor on Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2019-008-FA
>Artist: Page C. Valentine
>Copyright: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey
>UserComment: Image part of USGS data release https://doi.org/10.5066/P93ATKSC
>
IPTC tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it, which is the same for every image.
>
>Credit: U.S. Geological Survey
>Contact: WHSC_data_contact@usgs.gov
>keywords: Stellwagen Bank, Massachusetts, 2019-008-FA, SEABOSS, sea floor, USGS, ground-truth, https://doi.org/10.5066/P93ATKSC
>CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey
>Caption-Abstract: Image grab of the sea floor on Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2019-008-FA
>
XMP tag: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image.
>
>Caption: Image grab of the sea floor on Stellwagen Bank, MA from survey 2019-008-FA
>
To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 11.54, slight modifications of the command might be necessary depending on the operating system of the user):
>
exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -contact -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription -UserComment *.jpg > out.csv
>
The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. Whether you use exiftool or exiftool.exe will depend on the system on which the command is being run.
2020
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Location information in the EXIF header and also indicated by the station location in the station data summary file (available from the Larger Work citation).
0.00001
0.00001
Decimal degrees
D_WGS_1984
WGS_1984
6378137.000000
298.257224
Although the images do not have attributes per se, the EXIF header information can be extracted or viewed to give additional information about each image. The process step explains how to extract the information from the image header, and is replicated here.
To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 11.54):
>
exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSDateStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -contact -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription -UserComment *.jpg > out.csv
>
The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. Whether you use exiftool or exiftool.exe will depend on the system on which the command is being run.
U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Geological Survey
Page C. Valentine
Research Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
USA
(508) 548-8700 x2239
(508) 457-2310
pvalentine@usgs.gov
2019-008-FA_SeabedImages.zip contains the 106 JPEG images that are grabs from the video (2 images at each station), the browse graphic (2019-008-FA_seabedimage_browse.jpg), and the FGDC CSDGM metadata in XML format.
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
JPEG
The ZIP file contains JPEG image files, the browse graphic, and the associated FGDC CSDGM metadata.
66
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2019-008-FA/data/imagery/2019-008-FA_SeabedImages.zip
https://doi.org/10.5066/P93ATKSC
https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2019-008-FA/
The first link is to download the data in a ZIP file. The second and third links, the latter of which is the DOI designation of the publication, both go to the landing page of the data.
none
The ZIP file contains images in JPEG format. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the ZIP file and viewing the JPEG images.
20201123
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998