Robert Welk Kate V. Ackerman Zafer Defne Neil Ganju 20200331 2.0 Vector Digital dataset (Polygon) data release 10.5066/P91H426U Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/P91H426U https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ddd6ee7e4b04a30051ac157 Robert Welk Kate V. Ackerman Zafer Defne Neil Ganju 2020 2.0 data release 10.5066/P91H426U Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Welk, R., Ackerman, K.V., Defne, Z., and Ganju, N.K., 2020, Coastal wetlands of eastern Long Island, New York (ver. 2.0, March 2024): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P91H426U https://doi.org/10.5066/P91H426U https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5dd56511e4b0695797628ca6 This data release contains coastal wetland synthesis products for the geographic region of eastern Long Island, New York, including the north and south forks, Gardiners Island, and Fishers Island. Metrics for resiliency, including unvegetated to vegetated ratio (UVVR), marsh elevation, and mean tidal range, are calculated for smaller units delineated from a Digital Elevation Model, providing the spatial variability of physical factors that influence wetland health. Through scientific efforts initiated with the Hurricane Sandy Science Plan, the U.S. Geological Survey has been expanding national assessment of coastal change hazards and forecast products to coastal wetlands with the intent of providing Federal, State, and local managers with tools to estimate the vulnerability and ecosystem service potential of these wetlands. For this purpose, the response and resilience of coastal wetlands to physical factors need to be assessed in terms of the ensuing change to their vulnerability and ecosystem services. The purpose of this shapefile is to calculate the ratio of unvegetated area to vegetated area (UVVR) in each marsh unit. Analysis of unvegetated to vegetated marsh ratio is part of a comprehensive assessment to identify the factors and their weights in determining the vulnerability and resiliency of salt marshes. An unvegetated area to vegetated area ratio was defined as a potential indicator of the current state of a salt marsh unit. UVVR was calculated based on U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) 1-meter 2020 Publication date of original release. Complete None -72.748198 71.885316 41.291362 40.766433 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:5ddd6ee7e4b04a30051ac157 USGS Thesaurus geospatial datasets wetland ecosystems wetland functions coastal ecosystems coastal processes None salt marsh vegetation marsh health estuary Long-Term Ecological Research LTER UVVR ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans inlandWaters environment None Atlantic Ocean United States New York Suffolk County Peconic Bay Moriches Bay Shinnecock Bay Long Island Sound None The unvegetated to vegetated ratio for each marsh unit is defined for scientific research purposes and should not be used as a sole source of reference for any regulations and policy making. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the source of this information. U.S. Geological Survey Robert Welk Hydrologic Technician mailing and physical address

2045 NY 112

Coram NY 11727 631-736-0783 x141 rwelk@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5ddd6ee7e4b04a30051ac157?name=UVVR_ELI_browse.png&allowOpen=true Graphic that shows UVVR overlaying ESRI basemap. PNG Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft 10 Version 6.2 (Build 9200); Esri ArcGIS 10.7.1 (Build 11595) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A); and ArcGIS Pro 2.8.8. Marsh unit boundaries and water and land boundaries inherit their accuracy from the source data, eastern Long Island marsh units. Vegetated and unvegetated polygon accuracy is based on the 1-meter resolution National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) products, and 1-meter resolution U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Database (USGS NED) data. Topological errors that occurred during geoprocessing were automatically removed by the topological rules used for the analysis. The polygons were checked for correct geometry and do not overlap. Small polygons (less than 9 square meters) were assumed to be marginal and were assigned the classification from the surrounding majority value. This resulted in polygons that were removed from the dataset and FID CMU values that are not sequential. A visual comparison between NAIP imagery was performed at randomly selected sites to verify the land and water boundaries. Marsh polygons without any vegetation were assigned a UVVR value of -1. The results are specific to the marsh polygons as defined within the boundaries of the eastern Long Island salt marsh complex. A detailed on-the-ground analysis of a single site may result in a different interpretation of the wetland and marsh unit boundaries. Horizontal accuracy is inherited from NAIP products that delineate the marsh units, and can be considered to be +/-6 meters. U.S. Geological Survey 2015 Raster Digital Data Set Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://nationalmap.gov/viewer.html Digital Resources 2015 publication date NED Downloaded NED Digital Elevation Model from the National Map. Projection was NAD 1983 UTM Zone 18N with the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Download date was 2019/08/01. U.S. Geological Survey 2017 Remote-sensing image Salt Lake City, Utah USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/51355312e4b0e1603e4fed62 Digital Resources 2017 publication date NAIP Downloaded NAIP 1-meter resolution imagery from the USGS Earth Explorer. Projection was WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere. Download date was 2019/08/01. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2017 Vector Digital dataset (Polygon) Madison, WI U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/data/Data-Download.html Digital Resources 2017 publication date NWI Downloaded wetlands data for the state of New York in Shapefile format from the NWI download page. Projection was NAD 1983 Albers. Download date was 2019/08/01. New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission, Prepared by Cameron Engineering and Associates, LLP 2015 Vector Digital Data Set (Polygon) http://www.dec.ny.gov/lands/5113.html Digital 2015 publication date NYSDEC Wetland polygon shapefile prepared for Long Island Tidal Wetlands Trends Analysis. Data available by request. Data acquired 2018/05/01. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person, Robert Welk, in ArcMap (ver. 10.7.1) using tools from ArcToolbox, unless otherwise stated. For complex operations, names of specific tools used are given in CAPITAL letters (any critical parameters used are given in parentheses, separated by a semicolon, immediately after the tool name). The input and output file names are provided in [square brackets] when necessary. Units for length and area calculations are meters (m) and square meters (m2) unless otherwise stated. Set the data frame coordinate system and projection to NAD 1983 UTM Zone 18N. Prepare elevation dataset to be clipped to the boundaries polygon. MOSAIC TO NEW RASTER(Pixel type= 32 bit float; Mosaic operator=Mean; Cellsize=1 m) the entire NED raster to a new raster dataset with 1 m resolution [elev_mosaic.tif]. NED 2019 elev_mosaic U.S. Geological Survey Robert Welk Hydrologic Technician mailing and physical address

2045 NY 112

Coram NY 11735 631-736-0783 x141 rwelk@usgs.gov Prepare mask polygon to define analysis boundaries. In order to account for the possible influence of the surrounding terrain on the analysis, a mask area larger than the salt marsh extent is first created [UVVR_mask]. At the end of the analysis the results are clipped to the boundaries of the salt marsh area [MU_mask]. Both UVVR_mask and MU_mask are edited to decide which interior polygons are removed. a) MERGE DEC and NWI wetland polygons to obtain [NWI_DEC.shp]. b) EXPORT features from NWI dataset after SELECT("ATTRIBUTE" LIKE 'E2%EM%' OR "ATTRIBUTE" LIKE 'E2AB3%' OR "ATTRIBUTE" LIKE 'E2EM%' OR "ATTRIBUTE" LIKE 'E2SS%' OR "ATTRIBUTE" LIKE 'E2US4%') to select from estuarine intertidal areas of 1) emergent wetland, 2) scrub-shrub area, 3) rooted vascular aquatic bed, 4) Organic unconsolidated shore classes [NWI_exclusive_select.shp]. c) BUFFER(Input features=[NWI_exclusive_select.shp]; Linear unit=5 meters; Dissolve type=All) to obtain the mask polygon [buff5m.shp] and ELIMINATE POLYGON PART(Condition=Percentage; Percentage=99; Eliminate contained part only) to obtain [UVVR_mask01.shp]. Apply buffer with -5 meters to obtain [MU_mask01.shp]. d) EXPORT features from NWI dataset after SELECT("ATTRIBUTE" NOT LIKE 'E%' OR "ATTRIBUTE" LIKE '%FO')to obtain features that are not estuarine or are forested estuarine. MULTIPART TO SINGLEPART to separate individual polygons [NWI_inclusive_single.shp]. e)To exclude the voids in the NWI map during the analysis these interior polygons need to be removed from the mask. Create a rectangular polygon that covers the domain [extent.shp]. ERASE [NWI_excusive_select.shp] from [extent.shp] and MULTIPART TO SINGLEPART to get [NWI_voids_single.shp]. f) SELECT BY LOCATION from [NWI_inclusive_single.shp] that are completely within the [MU_mask01.shp], and SELECT BY LOCATION from [NWI_voids_single.shp] that are completely within the [MU_mask01.shp]. If any of additional polygons need to be removed from the mask include them in a new feature layer [erase_mask_manual.shp]. Merge all three feature sets to get polygons to be excluded [erase_inside.shp] from the final masks. g) ERASE [erase_inside.shp] from [MU_mask01.shp] and [UVVR_mask01.shp] to obtain [MU_mask.shp] and [UVVR_mask.shp], respectively. NWI 2019 UVVR_mask Compute vegetated and unvegetated boundaries by image processing. a) EXTRACT BY MASK from elevation raster [elev_mosaic.tif] using [UVVR_mask.shp] polygon. Rescale the elevation raster values to the same range with 8-bit NAIP imagery (0 to 255) using min-max scaling. Perform ISO CLUSTER UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION with 4-bands (near infrared, blue, green, and red from the NAIP imagery and the rescaled elevation raster with 32 classes and a minimum class size of 5000 cells. RECLASSIFY the classified raster by visually comparing the NAIP imagery to obtain the unvegetated-vegetated raster [UVVc.tif]. For marsh units with invalid elevation data, the classification was processed with imagery bands only and later merged with the rest of the dataset. b) Dissolve unvegetated regions smaller than a threshold value to the surrounding vegetated regions and vice versa to clean the UVV raster. For this purpose use the REGION(Number of neighbors=4; Zone grouping method=Within; Add Link field to output) to get the [UVV_region.tif], and TEST("Count" less than 9) to set a threshold value of 9 raster cells [UVV_test.tif]. Use RASTER CALCULATOR to toggle the value of the Link field in the region raster, where the test raster indicates regions with areas smaller than the threshold. c) RASTER TO POLYGON(Simplify polygons=False) and CLIP with the final marsh complex outline [mu_diss.shp] to obtain [UVVc_filt_clip.shp]. d) REPAIR GEOMETRY and DISSOLVE(Create multipart features=False) to get filtered, clipped and dissolved unvegetated-vegetated polygons [UVVc_filt_clip_diss.shp]. e) INTERSECT the dissolved conceptual marsh units [mu_diss.shp] with unvegetated-vegetated polygons [UVVc_filt_clip.shp], REPAIR GEOMETRY, and calculate the area of unvegetated and vegetated polygons in each marsh unit. To do this ADD GEOMETRY ATTRIBUTES(Geometry properties=Area_geodesic; Area unit=Square_meters) to get [UVV_poly.shp], and DISSOLVE(Input features=UVV_poly.shp; Dissolve fields=FID_CMU, gridcode; Statistics field=gridcode.MEAN, Area_geo.SUM) and REPAIR GEOMETRY to get [UVV_poly_diss.shp]. Edit the fields to have "TYP", "APGN_M2", and "ATOT_M2" fields for type of polygon indicating vegetated or unvegetated, surface area of the polygon, and total surface area of the marsh unit, respectively. f) Add field "UVVR" and calculate unvegetated to vegetated ratio based on "TYP", "APGN_M2" and "ATOT_M2" fields. If the vegetated area is zero for a marsh unit set the value of UVVR to -1. g) DISSOLVE(Input features=UVV_poly_diss.shp; Dissolve fields=FID_CMU, gridcode; Statistics field=UVVR, ATOT_M2 and FLG with Statistics type= First for all) to obtain mu_UVVR_FIIS.shp]. FLG flags anomalous marsh units based on elevation, surface area, and absence of vegetation, and is set to (-1) no vegetated area; (-10) marsh unit elevation higher than the 99.8 percentile; (-100) marsh unit elevation less than 0.2 percentile; (-1000) marsh unit surface area less than 900 m2; and (0) no flag. Combination of negative values indicate combination of flags. For example, -1001 indicates no vegetated area and area less than 900 m2. h) SELECT BY ATTRIBUTES FROM [CMU_ELI] where "CLASS"= 'vegetated', and join field "APGN_M2" from CMU_ELI.shp on the feature dataset [mu_UVVR_ELI.shp]. i) Rearrange field names and change the projection for better performance of web services with online base maps. PROJECT(Input coordinate system=NAD 1983 UTM Zone 18N; Output coordinate system=WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere; Geographic transformation=WGS 1984 (ITRF00) to NAD 1983) the feature dataset to obtain the final conceptual marsh units [mu_UVVR_ELI.shp]. elev_mosaic CMU_ELI NAIP 2019 mu_UVVR_ELI Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20200806 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Version 2 updates. Updates were performed in ArcGIS Pro 2.8.8. Duplicate marsh units were manually identified and compared to make sure the most appropriate duplicate marsh unit was deleted. Seventy-six duplicate marsh units were identified (out of 2828) in Mecox Bay, Sagaponack Pond and Georgica Pond and have been removed. After the duplicate marsh units were deleted, the elevation, hydroflattened percentage and elevation flag values were recalculated. Authorship was updated to include Kate Ackerman. 20240116 Kate Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543 US 508-548-8700 x2331 508-457-2310 kackerman@usgs.gov Vector G-polygon 2752 WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary Sphere (ESRI Full Name: WGS_1984_Web_Mercator_Auxiliary_Sphere) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.6096 0.6096 Meter D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.0 298.257223563 mu_UVVR_ELI Table containing attribute information associated with the dataset. U.S. Geological Survey FID Internal feature number. Esri Unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. FID_CMU Unique whole number that represents the identification number for each conceptual marsh unit. USGS 2 3455 none ATOT_M2 Total surface area of a marsh unit in square meters USGS 8.876088 1278469.79671 square meters AVEG_M2 Surface area of vegetated part of a marsh unit in square meters. Value is set to -9999 if there is no vegetated area in the marsh unit. USGS 0 1189344.84656 square meters UVVR Ratio of unvegetated surface area to vegetated surface area. Ordinarily, UVVR ranges from zero (completely vegetated) to infinity (completely unvegetated). However it is assigned the value of -1 when completely unvegetated. USGS -1.0 2369.378393 none FLG Marsh unit flag indicating anomalous marsh units based on elevation, surface area, and absence of vegetation. FLG values indicate: (-1) no vegetated area; (-10) marsh unit elevation higher than the 99.8 percentile; (-100) marsh unit elevation less than 0.2 percentile; (-200) greater than 25% of marsh unit has hydroflattened area (and has -9999 as its elevation value; (-1000) marsh unit surface area less than 900 m2; and (0) no flag. Combination of negative values indicate combination of flags. For example, -1001 indicates no vegetated area and area less than 900 m2. USGS -11201 0 None In this dataset, the salt marsh complex on eastern Long Island has been delineated to conceptual salt marsh units to facilitate unit by unit evaluation of response and resiliency of the marsh system to physical and biogeochemical drivers. Each unit is also analyzed based on the vegetated and unvegetated surface area coverage, the ratio of which can be an independent measure of marsh health for microtidal marshes on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States. UVVR is calculated as the ratio of unvegetated area to vegetated area in a marsh unit. Decimal values in the attribute table are a result of double precision calculations while significant digits are considered in defining the attribute measurement resolutions. Therefore, the smallest unit increment for area values and UVVR is assumed to be 1 meter and a 0.001, respectively. USGS U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov mu_UVRR_ELI.shp (and files associated with a shapefile), browse graphic, and CSDGM metadata in XML format. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. shapefile ArcGIS Pro 2.8.8 This dataset contains a polygon shapefile and its components and metadata in xml format https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/5ddd6ee7e4b04a30051ac157 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5ddd6ee7e4b04a30051ac157 https://doi.org/10.5066/P91H426U The first link in network resources is to download data directly. The second link points to a landing page with metadata and data. The third link is to the main page of the data release. WMS https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalogMaps/mapping/ows/5ddd6ee7e4b04a30051ac157?service=wms&request=getcapabilities&version=1.3.0 The link in network resources points to the Web Mapping Services (WMS) end point. WFS https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalogMaps/mapping/ows/5ddd6ee7e4b04a30051ac157?service=wfs&request=getcapabilities&version=1.0.0 The link in network resources points to the Web Feature Service (WFS) end point. None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the data set. 20240312 U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Robert J Welk Hydrologic Technician mailing address

2045 Route 112

Coram NY 11727 US 631-736-0783 x141 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998