Jin-Si R. Over Christopher R. Sherwood Eric D. Marsjanik Jonathan S. Borden Marinna A. Martini Athina M.Z. Lange 20260205 1.0 JPEGS and tabular digital data data release doi:10.5066/P95C0DGM Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program https://doi.org/10.5066/P95C0DGM https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/60d6125bd34e9603936761eb Jin-Si R. Over Christopher R. Sherwood Eric. D. Marsjanik Jonathan S. Borden Marinna A. Martini Athina M.Z. Lange 2026 1.0 data release doi:10.5066/P95C0DGM Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Over, J.R., Sherwood, C.R., Marsjanik, E.D., Borden, J.S., Martini, M.A., and Lange, A.M.Z., 2026, USGS CoastCam CACO-01 at Head of the Meadow Beach, Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts (2019 to 2024)—Imagery and Calibration Data: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P95C0DGM. https://doi.org/10.5066/P95C0DGM https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/60d5fd5bd34e960393670e8a Two digital video cameras (CACO-01 c1 and c2) were installed at Head of the Meadow Beach, Cape Cod National Seashore in Massachusetts as part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research project to study the beach and nearshore environment. The cameras were located near the top of the 18-meter-high bluff and faced north-east (c1) and east (c2) along the beach. They ran from December 2019 through March 2024, and when properly functioning, the cameras collected 10 minutes of raw video and produced snapshots and time-averaged image products every half hour. This data release includes the raw imagery products and the necessary intrinsic orientation (IO) and extrinsic orientation (EO) calibration data to utilize the imagery to make quantitative measurements from the imagery. USGS researchers analyzed the imagery collected from these cameras to remotely sense a range of information including shoreline position, sandbar migration, wave run-up on the beach, alongshore currents, and nearshore bathymetry. These cameras are part of the USGS CoastCam network, supported by the Total Water Level/Coastal Change Project in the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Natural Hazards Mission Area. Image data were obtained to document daily to interannual changes in shoreline position and coastal morphology. These data can be further processed with the EO and IO data to produce orthorectified products that can be viewed in a geographic information system (GIS) or other software to identify topographic and shallow-water bathymetric features in order to validate real-time total water level forecasts. See the image processing toolbox developed by Bruder and Brodie (2020) for more information. The bounding coordinates below represent the approximate limits of the overlapping images from CoastCam CACO-01. Location information is provided in the image Exif headers as calculated from Bruder and Brodie (2020), however to limit the effect of camera movements from changes in temperature, wind, and other factos on data products we recommend the user calculate their own extrinsic orientation (EO) data based on the dates of the imagery used. Please see CACO01_calibration_metadata for necessary EO information. All camera images are geotagged with the general location of the CACO-01 camera pole in geographic coordinates NAD83(2011), images from c1 and c2 have their extrinsic locations in the Exif tag UserComment in NAD83(2011)/UTM 19N + NAVD88, which are used by the imaging toolbox to put the images into real world coordinates when georectified. For more information about the WHCMSC Field Activities involved with this project, see https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2019-043-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2020-021-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2021-013-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2022-009-FA, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2023-005-FA, and https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=2024-003-FA. All images can be viewed or downloaded individually or in bulk on the USGS Imagery Data System here: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066-P95C0DGM in the collection CACO01_c1_snap, CACO01_c2_snap, CACO01_c1_light, CACO01_c2_light, CACO01_c1_dark, CACO01_c2_dark, CACO01_c1_var, CACO01_c2_var, CACO01_c1_timex, and CACO01_c2_timex. 20191213 20240322 ground condition, photos were not collected continuously between dates provided due to the occasional malfunction of the camera. Complete As needed -70.0812320 -70.0733245 42.0564112 42.0504522 None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program CMHRP Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC CoastCam Total Water Level USGS Thesaurus image analysis field methods video monitoring optical methods ecosystem monitoring photography remote sensing image collections geomorphology ocean sciences coastal processes ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation elevation oceans USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:60d6125bd34e9603936761eb Common geographic areas United States Massachusetts Truro Cape Cod Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Head of the Meadow Beach No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. These data are not intended for navigational use. Jin-Si R. Over U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Geographer mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2297 jover@usgs.gov https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/60d5fd5bd34e960393670e8a?name=CACO01_CoastCam_browse.png&allowOpen=true Location map and field of view of CoastCam CACO01. PNG https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/60d6125bd34e9603936761eb?name=CACO01_imagery_browse.png&allowOpen=true Example image products (snap, timex, variance, bright, and dark) from camera 1 and 2. PNG MathWorks MATLAB R2024a (https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html), Python 3.13.1, PyExifTool Python library (https://pypi.org/project/PyExifTool/) version 0.5.6; ExifTool (https://exiftool.org/) version 12.76, HOTM (https://github.com/Coastal-Imaging-Research-Network/hotm2) Brittany L. Bruder Katherine L. Brodie 20200909 publication SoftwareX Volume 12, 100582 online Elsevier This publication describes the steps used to calibrate the CoastCam imagery. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2020.100582 The video cameras collected 5-megapixel images, with file sizes generally between 0.1 and 0.9 megabytes (MB) on disc. Images may be obscured by water droplets, insects, birds, salt, sand and dirt, poor visibility from adverse weather conditions or sun glare, and thus may not reflect the true state of the beach and ocean. The EO and IO attributes embedded in the image headers (image coordinates and coefficients) were calculated using the Coastal Imaging Research Network (CIRN) Toolbox (Bruder and Brodie, 2020) and the error estimates are provided in the calibration metadata. The camera system installed (FLIR Blackfly 50S5C-C color cameras) was programmed to collect three-band (red-green-blue) images every half hour during daylight hours and take video for 10 minutes. Each time the camera was activated five image products were attempted: snap, timex, var, bright, and dark images; this is how the images are provided on the IDS. See the Process Steps for more information about these image types. The imagery represents a fixed location at Head of the Meadow Beach, MA. Image products may not be available every half hour of operation due to camera malfunction and bandwidth issues when transmitting data to storage. Images were removed that were completely black, white, or the view was completely obscured by sand. Included images may still be obscured by water droplets, insects, birds, salt, sand and dirt, poor visibility from adverse weather conditions or sun glare, and thus may not reflect the true state of the beach and ocean. The cameras were maintained throughout their deployment, see the USGS Field activity pages for a list of events for cleaning, lens replacement, and additional maintenance. The camera pole location coordinates are embedded in all images GPSLatitude and GPSLongitude Exif information, which was measured with a Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment and is accurate to 2 cm. This value is 42.0504935 N, 70.0773836 W EPSG:6318 NAD83(2011) and is used to generally locate CACO-01. Camera c1 and c2 EO location: The horizontal accuracy of the camera's external orientation, which is embedded in the Exif tag UserComment, was verified using data collected in USGS field activities 2020-015-FA and 2022-009-FA and processed with the CIRN Quantitative Coastal Imaging Toolbox (Bruder and Brodie, 2020) which reports horizontal +/- error estimates less than 1 meter. These are available in the CACO01_calibration_metadata record and in the EO YAML files included in the larger work citation. Horizontal coordinates were referenced to NAD83(2011)/UTM Zone 19N (Epoch 2010.00), with a resolution of 0.001 meters. These EO horizontal values are used to place the images into real world coordinates when orthorectified. Before mounting the CoastCam at the beach, the cameras (FLIR Blackfly 50S5C-C) were used to take intrinsic camera calibration images. Please refer to the CACO01_calibration_metadata record included in this data release for more information on the calibration process. The camera consists of two cameras which were installed on a bluff overlooking Head of the Meadow Beach, approximately 200 meters southeast of the parking lot, hose clamped onto a short aluminum pole. Camera one (c1) points alongshore to the north and has a 12 mm lens while camera two (c2) points offshore with an 8 mm lens (see browse graphic CACO01_CoastCam_browse.png). The cameras are connected to an Odroid-XU4 controller with a ATandT cradlepoint modem, powered by a solar charging system comprised of lithium batteries, a Renogy Voyager solar charge controller, and two Renogy 100W solar panels. Field activities related to this step include 2019-041-FA and 2019-043-FA. 20191212 Eric D. Marsjanik U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Electronics Technician mailing and physical address

U.S. Geological Survey – Marine Operations Facility 11 Woods Hole Rd.

Falmouth MA 02540 508-548-8700 x2216 emarsjanik@usgs.gov The cameras were programmed in HOTM (v 3.2, https://github.com/Coastal-Imaging-Research-Network/hotm2/blob/master/hotm2.a.pdf) software to collect three-band (reg-green-blue) images every half hour and take video for 10 minutes at 2Hz. The images included in this data release were collected from December 13th, 2019 to March 22nd, 2024. Each time the camera was activated, there were five resultant image products collected: the "snapshot" ("snap") image is the first frame of the video; the time exposure ("timex") image is the average of all frames within the 10 minute video; the "variance" ("var") image shows the standard deviation of pixel intensity throughout the video; the brightest ("bright") image shows the brightest pixel values throughout the video; and the darkest ("dark") image shows the darkest pixel values throughout the video (see browse graphic CACO01_imagery_browse.png). The control computer acquires and stores the images and products produced locally and twice per hour syncs data to the AWS cloud server. The data is transmitted to the remote storage server via the cellular modem. Step was monitored and processed by E.D Marsjanik and C.R. Sherwood, date refers to the last day imagery data was collected. 20240322 Chris R. Sherwood U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Research Oceanographer mailing and physical address

U.S. Geological Survey

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2269 csherwood@usgs.gov All the JPEG images were renamed to ensure unique filenames and compliance with the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazard and Resources Program's (CMHRP) best practices for image naming convention. Images were renamed with the image acquisition date and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) in computer and human readable format, the camera location, the camera number, and the image type that distinguishes among the five camera outputs. For example, image name '1614895200.Thu.Mar.04_22_00_00.GMT.2021.CACO-01.c1.snap.jpg', where 1614895200 is the 10-digit epoch time convention of the date and time, Thu is the three character day of the week, Mar is the three character month, 04 is the two digit day of the month, 22_00_00 is the GMT time in HH_MM_SS format, 2021 is the year, CACO-01 is the camera location, c1 is the camera number, and snap is the image type. This step and all following were done by J. Over. 20250210 Images were sorted into “Useable” and “Unusable” based on exposure and image subject. For example, image sets that were completely black because they were taken at night were deemed unusable. Images that were completely obscured by sand were also deemed unusable. This process was done manually and in batches by time. Images that are unusable may have been missed. This process was done by J. Over and identified ~90,000 unusable images. 20250312 The renamed useable images were geotagged and processed to add additional information required by the USGS to the exchangeable image file format (EXIF) and other imagery headers using PyExifTool Python library (https://pypi.org/project/PyExifTool/, version: 0.5.6). A list of all the useable images is provided in CACO01_ImageList.csv. The following describes an example of the Python dictionary object with each entry in the dictionary being a tag-value pair written to each image in the data release: tags = { 'Copyright': 'Public Domain', 'CopyrightNotice': 'Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey', 'Artist': 'USGS WHCMSC', 'Make': 'FLIR', 'Model': 'Blackfly 50S5C-C', 'GPSLatitude': '42.05049347, 'GPSLongitude': '-70.07738362', 'GPSMapDatum': 'EPSG:6318 NAD83 (2011)', 'GPSAreaInformation': 'camera pole location surveyed with RTK-GNSS', 'GPSLatitudeRef': 'N', 'GPSLongitudeRef': 'W', 'Credit': 'U.S. Geological Survey', 'Contact': 'whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov', 'UsageTerms': 'Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty', 'AttributionURL': 'https://doi.org/10.5066/P95C0DGM', 'Author': 'Jin-Si R. Over, Christopher R. Sherwood, Eric D. Marsjanik, Jonathan S. Borden, Athina M.Z. Lange', 'XMP-photoshop:Credit': 'U.S. Geological Survey', 'iptcCore:CreatorWorkEmail': 'whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov','Rights': 'Public Domain', 'ExternalMetadataLink': 'https://www1.usgs.gov/pir/api/identifiers/USGS:60d6125bd34e9603936761eb'}. The camera pole location was surveyed with RTK gear, which gives us the UTM and Lat/Long simultaneously in the file we download off of the device. The EXIF GPS Latitude/Longitude/Position tags are in NAD83(2011). Additionally, tags were added to the Python dictionary object that have different values for each image depending the filename and/or date when the image was captured. These tags are included as follows: 'Caption-Abstract': 'The [IMAGE PRODUCT] image represents [X]. This image was captured from a stationary camera (CACO-01 [c#]) at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts, Field Activity Number: [INSERT FA] on [INSERT CREATION DATETIME]. 'Caption': 'The [IMAGE PRODUCT] image taken at CACO-01 [c#] at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts, USA on [INSERT CREATION DATETIME].' 'Comment': '[IMAGE PRODUCT] image for [INSERT CREATION DATETIME]; This image was captured from a stationary camera (CACO-01 [c#]) at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts. Field Activity Number: [INSERT FA]' 'Description':'https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/services/activity.php?fan=[INSERT FA]; This image was captured from a stationary camera (CACO-01 [c#]) at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts.' 'Keywords': "Head of the Meadow Beach, Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts, CoastCam, USGS, [IMAGE PRODUCT], remote sensing", dependent on the image product type. Where [IMAGE PRODUCT] is the type of image product (snap, timex, var, bright, dark) and [X] is the product description, [c#] refers to either camera 1 or 2, [INSERT FA] refers to the relevant field activity for the image, and [INSERT CREATION DATETIME] refers to the original date and time of the image in YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS GMT. The UserComment EXIF metadata field was used to store the camera intrinsics and extrinsics in the image metadata. The The UserComment has a nested dictionary structure. The highest-level dictionary contains two nested dictionaries as well as a note explaining the structure of the UserComment field. One nested dictionary contains the relevant intrinsic (NU, NV, coU, coV, fx, fy, d1, d2, d3, t1, t2) and extrinsic (x, y, z, azimuth, tilt, roll) data variables. See CACO02_calibration_metadata for descriptions of variables. The extrinsic variables include both horizontal and vertical location of the camera in NAD83(2011)/UTM 19N + NAVD88 (GEOID 18). We recommend to the user to calculate their own EO data based on the dates of the imagery used. The other nested dictionary contains text descriptions for each of the variables in the dictionary of data variables. The calibration date and GPS DateStamp field indicates the date of the EO. The GPSDateStamp field indicates the date of the extrinsic calibration. The GPSTimeStamp relates to the time of the extrinsic calibration and is 00:00:00 because that info is irrelevant, use the image name, comment tag, or the DateTimeOriginal Exif tag for the actual image information. To read out the imagery header information to a CSV file the command is: 'exiftool -csv *.jpg > .\ allheaders.csv'. Specific tags may be specified with this command, if preferred. Or use the online tool https://exif.tools/ (accessed May 9, 2025) 20250509 Images in this release uploaded into the USGS Imagery Data System: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066- P95C0DGM. Step processed by J.R. Over. 20250609 Jin-Si R. Over U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Geographer mailing and physical address

U.S. Geological Survey

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2297 jover@usgs.gov Raster Grid Cell 2048 2448 0.0000001 0.0000001 decimal degrees North American Datum of 1983 (National Spatial Reference System 2011) GRS_1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 CACO01_ImageList.csv The CSV file contains the complete list of images uploaded onto the IDS and the date and time they were collected. producer defined ImageName File names of individual images, see the Process Description for file naming convention. USGS Character string. DateTimeOriginal Calendar date of collection in MM/dd/YYYY HH:MM:SS in GMT USGS 12/13/2019 18:00:00 03/22/2024 21:00:00 Users are advised to read the EXIF and other imagery headers for more information about the dataset. A total of 221,365 Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images included in this release were uploaded to the Imagery Data System. There are 2,704 JPEG images from 2019, 72,483 images from 2020, 58,913 images from 2021, 50,012 images from 2022, 25,831 JPEG images from 2023, and 11,985 images from 2024. They can be searched by collection, where the images were uploaded by camera number (c1 and c2) and type (snap, timex, var, bright, dark), by DateTimeOriginal of when the image was taken, or by GPSDateTime which tells you which extrinsic calibration dataset is more appropriate for each image. Images can be filtered, searched, viewed, and downloaded here: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066-P95C0DGM. USGS U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing and physical

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Image products collected and created by CACO-01. This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. CSV Exported from Excel Office 365 16.01 List of images and the date and time of collection (CACO01_ImageList.csv). 16 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/60d6125bd34e9603936761eb https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/60d6125bd34e9603936761eb https://doi.org/10.5066/P95C0DGM The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the data on the page, the third is to the doi to the main publication. Transfer size is in MB. JPEG 1.0.0 The image products. 78000 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/60d6125bd34e9603936761eb https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/60d6125bd34e9603936761eb https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/idsviewer/data_release/10.5066-P95C0DGM https://doi.org/10.5066/P138GAKI https://doi.org/10.5066/P95C0DGM The first link in the list above is to the child page where files can be downloaded individually, the second link is to directly download all the data on the page, the third and fourth link is to the Imagery Data System where the photos can be searched, viewed and downloaded individually (filter by image type or Date Time Original), and the fifth link is to the doi to the main publication. Transfer size refers to the total size of all images in MB if downloaded from the IDS, images are not hosted on sciencebase. None 20260205 Jin-Si R. Over U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Geographer mailing and physical

U.S. Geological Survey

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2297 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 universal time