U.S. Geological Survey 2006 1.0 remote-sensing image Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/pseudocolor/geo/capesouthpseudo_geo4m_wgs84.zip http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/pseudocolor/geo/capesouthpseudo_geo4m_wgs84.tif http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/htmldocs/data_catalog.htm L.J. Poppe V.F. Paskevich B. Butman P.C. Valentine W.W. Danforth D.S. Foster D.S. Blackwood 2006 1.0 Open-File Report 2005-1048 Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/ capesouthpseudo_geo4m_wgs84.tifOpen-Fie Report2005-1048http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/pseudocolor/geo/ This data set includes pseudo-colored backscatter intensity of the sea floor offshore of northeastern Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The data were collected with a multibeam sea floor mapping system during USGS survey 98015, conducted November 9 - 25, 1998. The surveys were conducted using a Simrad EM 1000 multibeam echo sounder mounted aboard the Canadian Coast Guard vessel Frederick G. Creed. This multibeam system utilizes 60 electronically aimed receive beams spaced at intervals of 2.5 degrees that insonify a strip of sea floor up to 7.5 times the water depth (swath width of 100 to 200 m within the survey area). The horizontal resolution of the beam on the sea floor is approximately 10% of the water depth. Vertical resolution is approximately 1 percent of the water depth. With pseudo-colored backscatter intensity, the backscatter intensity is combined with the topography to display the distribution of intensity in relation to the topography. In the image shown here, the backscatter intensity is represented by a suite of eight colors ranging from blue, which represents low intensity, to red, which represents high intensity. These data are draped over a shaded relief image created by vertically exaggerating the topography four times and then artificially illuminating the relief by a light source positioned 45 degrees above the horizon from an azimuth of 0 degrees. The resulting image displays light and dark intensities within each color band that result from a feature's position with respect to the light source. For example, north-facing slopes, receiving strong illumination, show as a light intensity within a color band, whereas south-facing slopes, being in shadow, show as a dark intensity within a color band. To release a digital map (GeoTIFF image) derived from multibeam observations that shows sea floor pseudo-colored backscatter intensity (a measure of sea floor texture and roughness) at a spatial resolution of 4 m/pixel. en 19981109 19981125 ground condition Complete None planned -70.307833 -69.828333 42.116667 41.966667 -69.999976-69.82831441.61664841.969982 General U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP Woods Hole Science Center WHSC Simrad Subsea EM1000 Frederick G. Creed Sea Floor Mapping Multibeam Echo Sounder Multibeam Backscatter Intensity Pseudo-colored Backscatter Intensity Sea Floor Geology Surficial Geology Field Activity Number 98015 GeoTIFF Image ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans and estuaries oceans and coastal imageryBaseMapsEarthCover geoscientificInformation General Cape Cod Massachusetts MA Cape Cod National Seashore Park U.S. East Coast United States North America Atlantic Ocean None Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 (508) 457-2310 lpoppe@usgs.gov Lawrence J. PoppeU.S. Geological Survey Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722 L.J. Poppe D.S. Foster W.W. Danforth 2006 1.0 Geo-Marine Letters v. 26 Germany Springer Raster Datasethttp://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/pseudocolor/geo/capesouthpseudo_geo4m_wgs84-thumb.gifThumbnail image showing data layer extent and coverage.GIFhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/pseudocolor/geo/capesouthpseudo_geo4m_wgs84.gifImage map showing data layer extent and coverage.EPS All collected data were processed and used to produce this dataset. Navigation was by differential GPS. DVD-ROM 19981109 19981125 ground condition The original multibeam bathymetric data acquired with a Simrad EM 1000 echosounder during USGS cruise 98015 aboard the Canadian Coast Guard vessel Frederick G. Creed. 98015_multibeam_data (1) Data and acquisition processing at sea: After the echo sounder data were logged onto the hard disk of the Sun workstation, a suite of processing software developed by the Ocean Mapping Group (www.omg.unb.ca/~jhc/SwathEd.html) was used to correct for artifacts and errors that may have been introduced during data collection. This software also enhanced the corrected data by resolving beam pattern and aspect ratio distortions and by imposing a linear contrast stretch before it generated bathymetric and sidescan sonar image mosaics in a Mercator projection. All data processing described here is initiated using Silicon Graphics workstations as soon as each acquisition file is closed by the Simrad Mermaid workstation (usually at the end of each survey line). Additional processing was done in the lab to correct for fluctuations in sea level during the survey and for artifacts in the data files that were not corrected in the field (see below). (2) The processing and editing steps on board the ship were: (A.) Demultiplex, or unravel, the acquired Simrad data files using RT to generate separate files containing navigation, depth soundings, sidescan sonar backscatter values, and sound velocity information. (B.) Automatically reject bad data (autoRejectSoundings). For the multibeam soundings, reject data outside expected depth ranges (operator's decision based on nautical chart data); for navigation data, reject fixes with poor GPS statistics. (C.) Edit the navigation data on-screen using jview to remove undesirable points, including turns at the ends of survey lines. (D.) Edit the multibeam soundings on-screen using swathed to remove individual anomalous soundings. (E). Merge tidal information and the corrected navigation back (mergetide and mergenav) into the data files. Tidal information was obtained from predicted tides using the Xtide program http://www.flaterco.com/xtide/xtide.html), which generated predicted tides based on the harmonic coefficients for Chatham provided by the Xtide program. (F.) Map the bathymetric soundings from each processed data file onto a Mercator grid using weigh_grid (a SwathEd utility) with node spacings and scale selected by the operator. The grid file (capesouth.r4) was a floating point binary file. Unknown capesouth.r4 William Danforth U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2274 (508) 457-2310 bdanforth@usgs.gov 98015_multibeam_data A pseudo-colored (false colored) image was generated using the SwathEd utility mix_ci by combining the bathymetric and backscatter raster mosaics into a single image in Mercator projection. capesouth.r4 Unknown capesouthpseudo_mer4m.tif Geologist (508) 548-8700 x2274 (508) 457-2310 bdanforth@usgs.gov Bill DanforthU.S. Geological Surveymailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods HoleMA02543-1598USA The imagery was converted from Mercator projection to geographic. capesouthpseudo_mer4m.tif 2005 capesouthpseudo_geo4m_wgs84.tif Valerie Paskevich U.S. Geological Survey Information Specialist / GIS Coordinator mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2281 (508) 457-2310 vpaskevich@usgs.gov PCI Geomatica V9.0 Raster Pixel 9833 3575 1 0.0000480.0000368Upper LeftTRUENone1pixel codesTRUETIFFdecimal degreesdecimal degrees255GeoTIFF Decimal degrees World Geodetic System 84 World Geodetic System 84 6378137 298.257 GCS_WGS_1984 Table256Band_1 ObjectIDObjectIDOID400Internal feature number.ESRISequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.ValueValueInteger000RedRedDouble000GreenGreenDouble000BlueBlueDouble000 There are no attributes associated with the GEOTIFF image.Pseudo-colored backscatter mosaic from USGS Cruise 98015. Pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255) combined with multibeam bathymetry data. This image contains false-colored pixels to indicate variation in depth in the backscatter mosaic. Pixel values do not represent depth or acquired backscatter values. Lawrence J. Poppe U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2314 (508) 457-2310 lpoppe@usgs.gov Downloadable Data Although all data have been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. TIFF GeoTIFF GeoTIFF format pseudo-colored backscatter mosaic, GeoTIFF world file and associated metadata zip archive 0.000 0.000 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/pseudocolor/geo/capesouthpseudo_geo4m_wgs84.zip http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/pseudocolor/geo/capesouthpseudo_geo4m_wgs84.tif http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/htmldocs/data_catalog.htm http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/pseudocolor/geo/ Data are downloadable via the World Wide Web (WWW). DVD-ROM 4.75 Gbytes UDF None This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. 2006 20060316 Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA (508) 548-8700 x2314 (508) 457-2310 lpoppe@usgs.gov Larry PoppeU.S. Geological Survey FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time None None enhttp://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.htmlESRI Metadata Profile Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722capesouthpseudo_geo4m_wgs84.tif-69.999976-69.82831441.96998241.6166481-69.999976-69.82831441.96998241.6166481ISO 19115 Geographic Information - MetadataDIS_ESRI1.0dataset002file://\\FLORIDA-DESKTOP\OFR2005_1048\web-content\data\backscatter\pseudocolor\geo\capesouthpseudo_geo4m_wgs84.tifLocal Area Network0.000Raster DatasetGCS_WGS_19842135750.000048Degree98330.000036Degree2006032212421000200603221242220020060322