Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
      Publication_Date: 2007
      Title: MOSAIC_COMP – Composite Sidescan-Sonar Mosaic collected by the U.S. Geological Survey offshore of the Grand Strand, SC (1999 – 2003) (Compressed - MrSID)
      Edition: 1.0
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Open-File Report
        Issue_Identification: 2005-1346
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/ArcGIS/Mosaic/mosaic_sid.zip
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Baldwin, W.E.
          Originator: Denny, J.F.
          Originator: Schwab, W.C.
          Originator: Gayes, P.T.
          Originator: Morton, R.A.
          Originator: Driscoll, N.W.
          Publication_Date: 2007
          Title:
            Edition  1.0
            Series_Information Series_Name
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
          Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/
  Description:
    Abstract: In 1999, the USGS, in partnership with the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, began a study to investigate processes affecting shoreline change along the northern coast of South Carolina, focusing on the Grand Strand region. Previous work along the U.S. Atlantic coast shows that the structure and composition of older geologic strata located seaward of the coast heavily influences the coastal behavior of areas with limited sediment supply, such as the Grand Strand. By defining this geologic framework and identifying the transport pathways and sinks of sediment, geoscientists are developing conceptual models of the present-day physical processes shaping the South Carolina coast. The primary objectives of this research effort are: 1) to provide a regional synthesis of the shallow geologic framework underlying the coastal upland, shoreface and inner continental shelf, and define its role in coastal evolution and modern beach behavior; 2) to identify and model the physical processes affecting coastal ocean circulation and sediment transport, and to define their role in shaping the modern shoreline; and 3) to identify sediment sources and transport pathways; leading to construction of a regional sediment budget.

    Purpose: This data set contains the sidescan-sonar imagery collected offshore of the Grand Strand, SC 1999 - 2003.  These data are used in conjunction with surficial sediment analyses to define the sediment distribution within the survey area.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 1999
        Ending_Date: 2003
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.177122
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -78.492052
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.876672
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.143971
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
      Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
      Theme_Keyword: USGS
      Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center
      Theme_Keyword: WHSC
      Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
      Theme_Keyword: CMGP
      Theme_Keyword: sidescan-sonar
      Theme_Keyword: sidescan
      Theme_Keyword: side scan sonar
      Theme_Keyword: backscatter
      Theme_Keyword: MrSID image
      Theme_Keyword: grey scale image
      Theme_Keyword: composite mosaic
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: oceans
      Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal
      Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries
      Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
      Place_Keyword: South Carolina
      Place_Keyword: Grand Strand
      Place_Keyword: North Myrtle Beach
      Place_Keyword: Myrtle Beach
      Place_Keyword: Surfside
      Place_Keyword: Garden City
      Place_Keyword: Pawleys Island
      Place_Keyword: Waites Island
      Place_Keyword: Southeast United States
      Place_Keyword: United States
      Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Person: Jane Denny
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
        City: Woods Hole
        State_or_Province: MA
        Postal_Code: 02543-1598
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2311
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
  Browse_Graphic:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/images/mosaic.jpg
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: grey-scale image of sidescan-sonar mosaic
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.780
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: These data measure the acoustic reflectivity of the seafloor.  These values (Digital Number (DN)) are a relative measure of reflectivity within the study area and are internally consistent.
  Logical_Consistency_Report: These are raster data; all sidescan-sonar data collected during USGS field efforts offshore of Myrtle Beach, SC 1999 – 2003 are included. Processing removed any spurious data.
  Completeness_Report: No additional checks were made for topologic consistency.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: DGPS is assumed to be accurate within 1-2 meters. Standard GPS is assumed accurate within 5-10 meters. 99% of the positional data is DGPS. Unless noted, all GPS/DGPS data is referenced to WGS84 (NAD83). Slant-range distance is recorded between the sidescan-sonar tow vehicle and a sidemount rigged with an acoustic transponder. Offset between the sidemount and GPS antennae is measured. Basic trigonomic calculations use the slant-range offset to calculate a 'fish' (tow-vehicle) navigation. An assumption in these calculations is that the tow-vehicle is traveling directly behind the vessel; movement to port or starboard is not accounted for within 'fish' navigation. Thus, the horizontal accuracy of the sidescan-sonar tow-vehicle is  10 meters.
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        The sidescan-sonar data were acquired with a Benthos (Datasonics) SIS 1000 CHIRP sonar and Edgetech DF-1000 dual-frequency sonar systems. The SIS-100 operates in a frequency range of 100 - 120 kHz; the DF-1000 operates at 100 and 500 kHz. The sidescan-sonar imagery offshore of the Grand Strand is comprised of data acquired on six geophysical cruises operated by the USGS during 1999 - 2003.

        All sidescan-sonar data were logged digitally at a sample rate resulting in a 0.18-m pixel size in the across-track direction and approximately 0.14-m in the along-track direction following the methodology outlined in Danforth and others (1991). A median filtering routine (Malinverno and others, 1990) was applied to the sidescan-sonar data to remove speckle noise, resulting in a 0.73-m pixel size. The data for each survey were further processed and digitally mosaicked using PCI Geomatica Software and procedures described in Danforth and others (1991), Danforth (1997), and Paskevich (1992) resulting in an enhanced, geographically correct, sidescan-sonar mosaic with 2 meters/pixel resolution. The composite mosaic was exported as a TIFF image, with an associated ESRI world file.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Danforth, W.W., 1997, Xsonar/ShowImage: A complete system for rapid sidescan-sonar processing and display: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 97-686, 77 p.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Danforth, W.W., O'Brien, T.F., and Schwab, W.C., 1991, USGS Image processing system: near real-time mosaicking of high-resolution sidescan-sonar data Sea Technology, Vol 1, p.54-59.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Malinverno, A., Edwards, M, and Ryan, W.B.F, 1990, Processing of SeaMARC swath sonar data: IEEE, Journal of Ocean Engineering, v.15, p. 14-23.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Paskevich, V., 1992, Digital mapping of sidescan-sonar data with the Woods Hole Image Processing System software: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-536, 87.p
      Process_Date: 1999 - 2003
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Jane Denny
            Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
          Contact_Position: Geologist
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing and physical address
            Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
            City: Woods Hole
            State_or_Province: MA
            Postal_Code: 02543-1598
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2311
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: The sidescan-sonar mosaic was compressed using MrSid.  A compression of 20x was used.
      Process_Date: 2003
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Jane Denny
            Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
          Contact_Position: Geologist
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing and physical address
            Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
            City: Woods Hole
            State_or_Province: MA
            Postal_Code: 02543-1598
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2311
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information:
    Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
    Row_Count: 20000
    Column_Count: 15500
    Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
          UTM_Zone_Number: 17
          Transverse_Mercator:
            Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81.000000
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
            False_Easting: 500000.000000
            False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 4.000000
          Ordinate_Resolution: 4.000000
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Band_1
      Entity_Type_Definition: Sidescan-Sonar image stored in MrSid format
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: ObjectID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Value
      Attribute_Definition: pixel values in the range of 0-255; 0 represents low backscatter; 255 represents high backscatter
      Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 255
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: digital number
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Count
      Attribute_Definition: pixel count
      Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 249232064
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: unrepresented
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: There are no attributes associated with a MrSid image.  Image pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255).  Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values).
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: USGS
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
        City: Woods Hole
        State_or_Province: MA
        Postal_Code: 02543-1598
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability: Although all data have been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: MrSID
        Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 9.0
        Format_Specification: MrSID Image compression
        Format_Information_Content: File contains the sidescan-sonar imagery collected offshore of the Grand Strand. SC
        File_Decompression_Technique: MrSID Image Compression
        Transfer_Size: 9.428
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/ArcGIS/Mosaic/mosaic_sid.zip
          Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded via the World Wide Web (WWW)
        Offline_Option:
          Offline_Media: DVD-ROM
          Recording_Capacity:
            Recording_Density: 4.75
            Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes
          Recording_Format: UDF
    Fees: none
  Technical_Prerequisites: This image is available as a compressed MrSID image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a MrSID image.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20070115
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Person: Jane Denny
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
        City: Woods Hole
        State_or_Province: MA
        Postal_Code: 02543-1598
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2311
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
