Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
      Publication_Date: 2007
      Title: NGDC_CRM - NGDC Coastal Relief Model image of the project area offshore of Grand Strand, South Carolina (GeoTIFF)
      Edition: 1.0
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Open-File Report
        Issue_Identification: 2005-1346
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/ArcGIS/NGDC/ngdc_crm.zip
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Baldwin, W.E.
          Originator: Denny, J.F.
          Originator: Schwab, W.C.
          Originator: Gayes, P.T.
          Originator: Morton, R.A.
          Originator: Driscoll, N.W.
          Publication_Date: 2007
          Title: Geologic Framework Studies of South Carolina's Long Bay from Little River Inlet to Winyah Bay, 1999-2003; geospatial data release
          Series_Information:
            Series_Name: Open-File Report
            Issue_Identification: 2005-1346
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
          Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/
  Description:
    Abstract: In 1999, the USGS, in partnership with the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, began a study to investigate processes affecting shoreline change along the northern coast of South Carolina, focusing on the Grand Strand region. Previous work along the U.S. Atlantic coast shows that the structure and composition of older geologic strata located seaward of the coast heavily influences the coastal behavior of areas with limited sediment supply, such as the Grand Strand. By defining this geologic framework and identifying the transport pathways and sinks of sediment, geoscientists are developing conceptual models of the present-day physical processes shaping the South Carolina coast. The primary objectives of this research effort are: 1) to provide a regional synthesis of the shallow geologic framework underlying the coastal upland, shoreface and inner continental shelf, and define its role in coastal evolution and modern beach behavior; 2) to identify and model the physical processes affecting coastal ocean circulation and sediment transport, and to define their role in shaping the modern shoreline; and 3) to identify sediment sources and transport pathways; leading to construction of a regional sediment budget.
    Purpose: The GeoTIFF image of the coastal region of Grand Strand, South Carolin was generated from the Coastal Relief Model to provide a basemap of the project area for the Geographic Information System (GIS) database.

  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 2001
    Currentness_Reference: publication date
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.176050
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -76.737177
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.290700
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.707831
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
      Theme_Keyword: USGS
      Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
      Theme_Keyword: Coastal Relief Model
      Theme_Keyword: CRM
      Theme_Keyword: bathymetry
      Theme_Keyword: Geographic Information Systems
      Theme_Keyword: CMGP
      Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
      Theme_Keyword: GIS
      Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center
      Theme_Keyword: WHSC
      Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
      Theme_Keyword: NOAA
      Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF image
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: oceans
      Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal
      Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries
      Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
      Place_Keyword: South Carolina
      Place_Keyword: Grand Strand
      Place_Keyword: North Myrtle Beach
      Place_Keyword: Myrtle Beach
      Place_Keyword: Surfside
      Place_Keyword: Garden City
      Place_Keyword: Pawleys Island
      Place_Keyword: Waites Island
      Place_Keyword: Southeast United States
      Place_Keyword: United States
      Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. government is freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of this dataset.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Jane Denny
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
        City: Woods Hole
        State_or_Province: MA
        Postal_Code: 02543-1598
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2311
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
  Browse_Graphic:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/images/ngdc_crm.jpg
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: JPG image of NGDC coastal relief model
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.780
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image.  Pixels (cells) convey only RGB values.
  Logical_Consistency_Report:
    Land elevations within the gridded dataset come from the United States Geological Survey/ National Image Mapping Agency (USGS/NIMA) 1:250,000 or 1 degree DEMs of the states. A description of the USGS/NIMA DEMs and how they were derived can be accessed on the World Wide Web at http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/1_dgr_dem. Our focus, however, is on the bathymetric soundings that are used in constructing the offshore regions of the grids.

    Soundings for each volume of the Coastal Relief model series are compiled from hydrographic surveys conducted by the National Ocean Service (NOS) and from various academic institutions. The surveys were carried out using a variety of sounding methods including SeaBeam 16-beam, 12-kHz swath mapping system (6000- >3000m operating water depths), General Instruments 17-beam, 36-kHz Hydrochart II swath mapping system (5-150m operating water depths), single-beam echosounder (e.g., 3.5 kHz narrow 2 degree beam), and lead-line sounding method. These latter surveys date as far back as the late 1800's.

    A wide range of navigation methods are also associated with the surveys. Visual navigation is based on three-point sextant fixes, theodolite intersections, and celestial fixes. Electronic navigation involves short to long range positioning systems that run the gamut from Loran-C (0.25 - 5 nm accuracy) to differential GPS (1 m accuracy).

    Despite the varying sounding and navigation techniques upon which they are based, all of the NOS soundings used in constructing the Coastal Relief Model meet rigorous standards for accuracy. The same standards are employed by the International Hydrographic Office and have remained relatively consistent since the 1800's. The vertical accuracy of the soundings is 0.3 m in 0 - 20 m of water, 1.0 m in 20 - 100 m of water, and 1% of the water depth in 100 m of water. The horizontal accuracy of the soundings is within a radius of 1.5 mm of the sounding location at the scale at which the soundings are recorded. NOS surveys are plotted at map scales that range from 1/10,000 for harbors and channels to 1/50,000 for open ocean surveys, with 1/20,000 being the most commonly used scale. The horizontal accuracy of the soundings is generally 30 m, but it can vary from as fine as 15 m in ports and estuaries to as coarse as 75 m in the offshore areas. Differential GPS has improved this level of accuracy considerably for the most recent survey data.

    While the NOS soundings collected since 1965 have been recorded digitally, those collected prior to this time were recorded manually and then used to make hand-drawn bathymetric maps. Approximately 1,550 of these hand-drawn bathymetric maps have been digitized and assimilated into the NOS Hydrographic Database and, subsequently, were used in constructing the many volumes of the gridded dataset.
  Completeness_Report: NGDC compiled available bathymetry; spurious data were eliminated.
  Positional_Accuracy:
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
          Publication_Date: 2001
          Title: Coastal Relief Model, U.S. Southeast Atlantic, Vol. 2, 2001
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Boulder, Colorado
            Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)
          Online_Linkage: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/coastal/coastal.html
      Type_of_Source_Media: CD-ROM
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 2001
        Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NGDC Coastal Relief Model, U.S. Southeast Atlantic, vol.2, 2001
      Source_Contribution: Vol. 2 was used to create the onshore and offshore image of Grand Strand, South Carolina region for the project area
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information:
    Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
    Row_Count: 2974
    Column_Count: 3312
    Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
          UTM_Zone_Number: 17
          Transverse_Mercator:
            Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -81.000000
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
            False_Easting: 500000.000000
            False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 93.872650
          Ordinate_Resolution: 93.857165
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The Coastal Relief Model TIFF image of the South Carolina is a color-coded image.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: NGDC
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Jane Denny
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
        City: Woods Hole
        State_or_Province: MA
        Postal_Code: 02543-1543
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2311
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (580)457-2310
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability:
    Although all data have been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.

    Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: TIFF
        Format_Specification: GeoTIFF
        Format_Information_Content: Image contains the onshore and offshore DEM of the project area off shore of Grand Strand, South Carolina
        File_Decompression_Technique: none
        Format_Version_Number: unknown
        Transfer_Size: 30 MB
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1346/ArcGIS/NGDC/ngdc_crm.zip
          Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded via the World Wide Web (WWW)
        Offline_Option:
          Offline_Media: DVD-ROM
          Recording_Capacity:
            Recording_Density: 4.75
            Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes
          Recording_Format: UDF
    Fees: none
  Technical_Prerequisites: This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20070123
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Jane Denny
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
        City: Woods Hole
        State_or_Province: MA
        Postal_Code: 02543-1598
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2311
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile

