### H11255_GEO_2MBATHY.TIF: Color Shaded-Relief Image Showing the 2-m Bathymetry Generated from NOAA Survey H11255 in Long Island Sound (Geographic)

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#### Frequently-anticipated questions:

- What does this data set describe?
  1. How should this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
- Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
- Why was the data set created?
- How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
- How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
- How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
- Who wrote the metadata?

### What does this data set describe?

Title:
  H11255_GEO_2MBATHY.TIF: Color Shaded-Relief Image Showing the 2-m Bathymetry Generated from NOAA Survey H11255 in Long Island Sound (Geographic)
Abstract:
  Digital terrain models (DTMs) produced from multibeam bathymetric data provide valuable base maps for marine geological interpretations. These maps help define the geological variability of the seafloor (one of the primary controls of benthic habitat diversity); improve our understanding of the processes that control the distribution and transport of bottom sediments, and the distribution of benthic habitats and associated infaunal community structures; and provide a detailed framework for future research, monitoring, and management activities. The bathymetric survey interpreted herein (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) survey H11255) covers roughly 95 km2 of seafloor in southeastern Long Island Sound. This bathymetry has been examined in relation to seismic reflection data collected concurrently, as well as archived seismic profiles acquired as part of a long-standing geologic mapping partnership between the State of Connecticut and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The objective of this work was to use these acoustic data sets to interpret geomorphological attributes of the seafloor, and to use these interpretations to better understand the Quaternary geologic history and modern sedimentary processes.

1. How should this data set be cited?

   > U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, H11255_GEO_2MBATHY.TIF: Color Shaded-Relief Image Showing the 2-m Bathymetry Generated from NOAA Survey H11255 in Long Island Sound (Geographic): Open-File Report 2006-1059, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

   > Online Links:

   > - <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1059/data/geotifs/geo/h11255_geo_2mbathy.zip>
   > - <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1059/data/geotifs/geo/h11255_geo_2mbathy.tif>
   > - <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1059/html/catalog.html>

   This is part of the following larger work.

   > Poppe, L.J., Ackerman, S.D., Doran, E.F., Moser, M.S., Stewart, H.F., Forfinski, N.A., Gardner, U.L., and Keene, J.A., 2006, Geological interpretation and multibeam bathymetry of the sea floor in southeastern Long Island Sound: Open-File Report 2006-1059, U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

   > Online Links:

   > - <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1059/>

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.798337
   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.635255
   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.098839
   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.014556

3. What does it look like?

   <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1059/data/geotiffs/geo/h11255_geo_2mbathy.gif> (GIF)
     Thumbnail image of the color shaded-relief geographic GeoTIFF of the multibeam bathymetric data from NOAA survey H11255

4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 19-Sep-2004
   Ending_Date: 02-Oct-2004
   Currentness_Reference: ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:

      - Dimensions 4438 x 8308 x 1, type Pixel

   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.000001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal degrees.

      The horizontal datum used is North American Datum of 1983.
      The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80.

      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
        Altitude_System_Definition:
        Depth_System_Definition:

7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

### Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

   - U.S. Geological Survey

2. Who also contributed to the data set?

3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

   U.S. Geological Survey
   c/o Lawrence Poppe
   Geologist
   384 Woods Hole Road
   Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598
   USA

   (508) 548-8700 x2314 (voice)
   (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
   lpoppe@usgs.gov

### Why was the data set created?

> To release a hill-shaded color-image GeoTIFF file containing the 2-m bathymetry generated from NOAA survey H11255 in Long Island Sound in geographic.

### How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

   (source 1 of 1)

     > .

     Type_of_Source_Media: DVD-ROM
     Source_Contribution:
       The original multibeam bathymetric data acquired with a Simrad EM 1002 echosounder during NOAA cruise H11255 aboard the NOAA ship Thomas Jefferson.

2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: Unknown (process 1 of 6)
     The multibeam data for was acquired in XTF (extended Triton data format), recorded digitally through an ISIS data acquisition system, and processed using CARIS HIPS (Hydrographic Image Processing System) software for quality control, to incorporate sound velocity and tidal corrections, and to produce base surfaces at two resolutions: 1-m resolution in the shallower southeastern corner; 2-m resolution over the remaining study area. Among other formats (.tif and .asc), the data were exported in GeoZui format (.gutm) in UTM Zone 18.

     Person who carried out this activity:

     Marc Moser
     National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
     Field Operations Officer
     439 West York Street
     Norfolk, VA 23510
     USA

     (757) 441-6746 (voice)
     marc.s.moser@noaa.gov

     Data sources produced in this process:
     - h11255_1m.gutm
     - h11255_2m.gutm

   Date: Unknown (process 2 of 6)
     The GeoZui files were imported into Fledermaus and exported as xyz files. The xyz files were moved to a Linux system where they were cleaned to remove ASCII errors and combined (concatenated) into one file at an optimal resolution of 2 m.

     Person who carried out this activity:

     Seth Ackerman
     U.S. Geological Survey
     GIS Specialist
     384 Woods Hole Road
     Woods Hole, MA 02543
     USA

     508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
     508-457-2310 (FAX)
     sackerman@usgs.gov

     Data sources used in this process:
     - h11255_1m.gutm
     - h11255_2m.gutm

     Data sources produced in this process:

     - h11255_2mutm18_xyz.txt

   Date: Unknown (process 3 of 6)
     SwathEd software, produced by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick, was used to create an ASCII grid from the xyz text file and ArcCatalog was used to convert the ASCII grid to a raster grid.

     Person who carried out this activity:

     Seth Ackerman
     U.S. Geological Survey
     GIS Specialist

     508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
     508-457-2310 (FAX)
     sackerman@usgs.gov

     Data sources used in this process:
     - h11255_2mutm18_xyz.txt

     Data sources produced in this process:

     - bathy2m_utm18

   Date: Unknown (process 4 of 6)
     A hill-shaded surface was generated from the grid using 3D Analyst Tools with sun illumination from 0 degrees (a direction parallel to most ship tracks to minimize artifacts) and an angle 45 degrees above the horizon, and to vertically exaggerate the surface 10x.

     Person who carried out this activity:

     Seth Ackerman
     U.S. Geological Survey
     GIS Specialist

     508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
     508-457-2310 (FAX)
     sackerman@usgs.gov

     Data sources used in this process:
     - bathy2m_utm18

     Data sources produced in this process:

     - hls10x360utm

   Date: Unknown (process 5 of 6)
     The UTM bathymetric grid was reprojected into geographic in ArcCatalog.

     Person who carried out this activity:

     Seth Ackerman
     U.S. Geological Survey
     GIS Specialist

     508-548-8700 x2315 (voice)
     508-457-2310 (FAX)
     sackerman@usgs.gov

     Data sources used in this process:
     - hls10x360utm

     Data sources produced in this process:

     - hls10x360geo
     - h11255_geo_2mbathy.tfw

   (process 6 of 6)
     The ArcView 3.3 extension grid2image (Image Conversion Georeferencing) was used to create the color GeoTIFF image. As part of this process, the bathymetry was color coded to user specified full-spectrum legend colors and the hill-shaded grid was saved as a GeoTIFF image preserving both the legend colors and hill shading.

     Person who carried out this activity:

     Seth Ackerman
     U.S. Geological Survey
     GIS Specialist

     508-548-8700 x2314 (voice)
     508-457-2310 (FAX)
     sackerman@usgs.gov

     Data sources used in this process:
     - hls10x360geo

     Data sources produced in this process:

     - h11255_geo_2mbathy.tif

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

   > Poppe, L.J., Doram, E.F., Moser, M.S., Forfinski, N.A., Gardner, U.L., Keene, J.A., Christman, E.B., and Ackerman, S.D., 2005, Distribution, character, and importance of sedimentary furrows in south-central Long Island Sound: EOS OS23B-07, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.

### How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?

2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

   Navigation was by differential GPS

3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

   All collected data were processed and used to produce this dataset.

5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

### How can someone get a copy of the data set?

> Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

> > Access_Constraints: None
> > Use_Constraints:
> >   Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

   U.S. Geological Survey
   c/o Larry Poppe
   Geologist
   384 Woods Hole Road
   Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598
   USA

   (508) 548-8700 x2314 (voice)
   (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
   lpoppe@usgs.gov

2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

   `Downloadable Data`

3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   > Although this data set has been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.

   > Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

4. How can I download or order the data?

   - Availability in digital form:

     Data format: | A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, associated world file, browse graphic and metadata. in format TIFF GeoTIFF Size: 0.000
     Network links: | <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1059/data/geotifs/geo/h11255_geo_2mbathy.zip> <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1059/data/geotifs/geo/h11255_geo_2mbathy.tif> <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1059/html/catalog.html>
     Media you can order: | DVD-ROM (Density 4.7 Gbytes)

   - Cost to order the data: None

5. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?

   > The user must have a program capable of reading and processing GeoTIFF images.

### Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
  Last modified: 19-Jul-2006
Metadata author:
  Larry Poppe
  U.S. Geological Survey
  Geologist
  384 Woods Hole Road
  Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598
  USA

  (508) 548-8700 x2314 (voice)
  (508) 457-2310 (FAX)
  lpoppe@usgs.gov

Metadata standard:
  FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
Metadata extensions used:
  - <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>

Generated by `mp` version 2.8.6 on Wed Jul 19 08:37:56 2006