Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
      Publication_Date: 2007
      Title: H11250_UTM18_2MMBES.TIF: Color Hill-Shaded GeoTIFF Image Showing the 2-m bathymetry Generated from NOAA Survey H11250 in Eastern Long Island Sound (UTM Zone 18)
      Edition: 1.0
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Open-File Report
        Issue_Identification: 2007-1012
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1012/data/bathy/geotifs/utm/h11250_utm18_2mmbes.zip
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1012/data/bathy/geotifs/utm/
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1012/html/catalog.html
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: L.J. Poppe
          Originator: M.L. DiGiacomo-Cohen
          Originator: E.F. Doran
          Originator: S.M. Smith
          Originator: H.F. Stewart
          Originator: N.A. Forfinski
          Publication_Date: 2007
          Title: Geologic Interpretation and Multibeam Bathymetry of the Sea Floor in the Vicinity of the Race, Eastern Long Island Sound
          Edition: 1.0
          Series_Information:
            Series_Name: Open-File Report
            Issue_Identification: 2007-1012
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
          Other_Citation_Details: 1 DVD-ROM
          Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1012/
  Description:
    Abstract:
      The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, has produced detailed geologic maps of the sea floor in Long Island Sound, a major East Coast estuary surrounded by the most densely populated region of the United States.  These studies have built upon cooperative research with the State of Connecticut that was initiated in 1982.  The current phase of this research program is directed toward studies of sea-floor sediment distribution, processes that control sediment distribution, nearshore environmental concerns, and the relation of benthic community structures to the sea-floor geology.

      Anthropogenic wastes, toxic chemicals, and changes in land-use patterns resulting from residential, commercial, and recreational development have stressed the environment of the Sound, causing degradation and potential loss of benthic habitats (Koppelman and others, 1976; Long Island Sound Study, 1994). Detailed maps of the sea floor are needed to help evaluate the extent of adverse impacts and to help manage resources wisely in the future.  Therefore, in a continuing effort to better understand Long Island Sound, we have constructed and interpreted mulitbeam bathymetric data within specific areas of special interest.  The color GeoTIFF of hill-shaded bathymetry in UTM Zone 18 projection presented herein covers a roughly 94 km square area of the sea floor in the area known as the Race at the eastern end of Long Island Sound. The original multibeam bathymetric data were collected during October 2003 as part of charting applications aboard the NOAA Survey Vessel Thomas Jefferson.  A Simrad EM1002 multibeam system mounted on the hull of this vessel was used to acquire over 560 km of survey lines from the deeper water (>20 m) parts of the study area.  Two 29-foot launches with hull-mounted Reson systems were deployed from the ship and were used to acquire an additional 637 km of survey lines from the shallower areas.

      Detailed bathymetic data and their interpretations serve many purposes, including: (1) defining the geological variability of the sea floor, which is one of the primary controls of benthic habitat diversity; (2) improving our understanding of the processes that control the distribution and transport of bottom sediments and the distribution of benthic habitats and associated infaunal community structures; and (3) providing a detailed framework for future research, monitoring, and management activities.  The bathymetric data models also serve as base maps for subsequent sedimentological, geochemical, and biological observations, because precise information on environmental setting is important for selection of sampling sites and for accurate interpretation of point measurements.
    Purpose: To release a color GeoTIFF image of the 2-m bathymetry generated from NOAA survey H11250 in easternmost Long Island Sound and westernmost Block Island Sound. This hill-shaded GeoTIFF in UTM Zone 18 serves as a starting point for a geologic study of the area surrounding the Race in eastern Long Island Sound and can be used as a base for interpretative layers. The GeoTIFF can be used in ArcMap or ArcView to dramatically display the varied bathymetry and geologic features of the area.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 2003
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.154000
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.992004
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.270997
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.188000
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
      Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
      Theme_Keyword: USGS
      Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center
      Theme_Keyword: multibeam bathymetry
      Theme_Keyword: bathymetry
      Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
      Theme_Keyword: CMGP
      Theme_Keyword: WHSC
      Theme_Keyword: Simrad EM1002
      Theme_Keyword: Reson 8125
      Theme_Keyword: Reson 8101
      Theme_Keyword: NOAA Survey H11250
      Theme_Keyword: H11250
      Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
      Theme_Keyword: NOAA
      Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF
      Theme_Keyword: Open-File Report 2007-1012
      Theme_Keyword: Universal Transverse Mercator
      Theme_Keyword: OFR2007-1012
      Theme_Keyword: NOAA Project Identifier OPR-B370-TJ
      Theme_Keyword: color-encoded shaded-relief image
      Theme_Keyword: Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
      Theme_Keyword: CTDEP
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries
      Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal
      Theme_Keyword: elevation
      Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
    Place:
      Place_Keyword: Connecticut
      Place_Keyword: New York
      Place_Keyword: Long Island Sound
      Place_Keyword: U.S. East Coast
      Place_Keyword: United States
      Place_Keyword: North America
      Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
      Place_Keyword: The Race
      Place_Keyword: Block Island Sound
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP) as the originators of this data set.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Larry Poppe
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
        City: Woods Hole
        State_or_Province: MA
        Postal_Code: 02543-1598
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2314
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov
  Browse_Graphic:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1012/data/bathy/geotifs/utm/h11250_utm18_2mmbes.gif
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Thumbnail image showing the color hill-shaded GeoTIFF of the 2-m bathymetry from NOAA survey H11250 in UTM, Zone 18.
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
  Data_Set_Credit: Source data were acquired during National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) survey H11250.  Please acknowledge NOAA as the originator of the dataset from which this dataset was derived.
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.780
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: L.J. Poppe
      Originator: M.L. DiGiacomo-Cohen
      Originator: S.M. Smith
      Originator: H.F. Stewart
      Originator: N.A. Forfinski
      Publication_Date: 2006
      Title: Seafloor character and sedimentary processes in eastern Long Island Sound and Western Block Island Sound
      Edition: 1.0
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Geo-Marine Letters
        Issue_Identification: v. 26, p. 59-68
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
  Completeness_Report: All collected data were processed and used to produce this dataset.  The area is considered complete; the gaps in the data lie in areas inaccessible to the survey vessels (shallow water surrounding islands).
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Navigation was by differential GPS
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Type_of_Source_Media: DVD-ROM
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Single_Date/Time:
            Calendar_Date: 2003
        Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
      Source_Contribution: The original multibeam bathymetric data acquired with Simrad EM1002, Reson 8101, and 8125 echosounder systems during NOAA cruise H11250 aboard the NOAA ship Thomas Jefferson.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: The multibeam bathymetric data presented herein were collected during October 2003 over a roughly 91 km2 area as part of charting applications aboard the NOAA Survey Vessel Thomas Jefferson.  A Simrad EM1002 multibeam system mounted on the hull of this vessel was used to acquire over 560 km of survey lines from the deeper water (>20 m) parts of the study area.  Two 29-foot launches with hull-mounted Reson systems were deployed from the ship and were used to acquire an additional 637 km of survey lines from the shallower areas.  Horizontal resolution of the data varies with water depth, but averages 2 m.  Vertical resolution is about 0.5% of the water depth.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: raw bathymetric data
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: b370_h11250_dtm2m.gutm
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Shep Smith
            Contact_Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admnistration
          Contact_Position: Field Operations Officer
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing and physical address
            Address: 439 West York Street
            City: Norfolk
            State_or_Province: VA
            Postal_Code: 23510
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 757-441-6726
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: shep.smith@noaa.gov
          Contact_Instructions:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: The .gutm file was converted to ASCIIgrid format.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: b370_h11250_dtm2m.gutm
      Process_Date: 2004
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: b370_03.asc
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Chris Polloni
            Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing and physical address
            Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
            City: Woods Hole
            State_or_Province: MA
            Postal_Code: 02543
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2280
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: cpolloni@usgs.gov
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: The ASCIIgrid was converted to ArcGIS GRID format, and then renamed.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: b370_03.asc
      Process_Date: 2004
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: H11250U
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Mary DiGiacomo-Cohen
            Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
          Contact_Position: Geologist/GIS Analyst
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing and physical address
            Address: Long Island Sound Resource Center
            Address: 1080 Shennecossett Road
            City: Groton
            State_or_Province: CT
            Postal_Code: 06340
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 860-405-9210
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mdicohen@usgs.gov
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lisrc@uconnvm.uconn.edu
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: The grid was hill-shaded (sun-illuminated) with the sun at an azimuth of 315, an altitude angle above the horizon of 30, a verticle exaggeration of ~10x (z factor .000104635), a 40 % transparency overlying the grid displayed with a continous color pallete and no linear stretch, and exported as a GeoTIFF image.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: H11250U
      Process_Date: 2006
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11250_utm18_2mmbes.tif
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Mary DiGiacomo-Cohen
            Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
          Contact_Position: Geologist/GIS Analyst
          Contact_Address:
            Address: Long Island Sound Resource Center
            Address: 1080 Shennecossett Road
            City: Groton
            State_or_Province: CT
            Postal_Code: 06340
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 860-405-9210
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: mdicohen@usgs.gov
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lisrc@uconnvm.uconn.edu
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information:
    Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
    Row_Count: 4069
    Column_Count: 6141
    Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
          UTM_Zone_Number: 18
          Transverse_Mercator:
            Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: .999600
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
            False_Easting: 500000.000000
            False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 2.317044
          Ordinate_Resolution: 2.317144
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS84
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
  Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Depth_System_Definition:
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Person: Larry Poppe
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
        City: Woods Hole
        State_or_Province: MA
        Postal_Code: 02543-1598
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2314
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability:
    Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS, NOAA, and the Connecticut DEP as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials.  The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by these agencies in the use of these data or related materials.

    Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: TIFF
        Format_Specification: GeoTIFF
        Format_Information_Content: A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, associated world file, browse graphic and metadata.
        File_Decompression_Technique: zip archive
        Transfer_Size: 0.000
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1012/data/bathy/geotifs/utm/h11250_utm18_2mmbes.zip
              Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1012/data/bathy/geotifs/utm/
              Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1012/html/catalog.html
          Access_Instructions: Data are downloadable via the World Wids Web (WWW)
        Offline_Option:
          Offline_Media: DVD-ROM
          Recording_Capacity:
            Recording_Density: 4.75
            Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes
          Recording_Format: UDF
    Fees: None
  Technical_Prerequisites: This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image.
  Available_Time_Period:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 2007
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20070406
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Person: Larry Poppe
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
        City: Woods Hole
        State_or_Province: MA
        Postal_Code: 02543-1598
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2314
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
