Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
      Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
      Publication_Date: 2008
      Title: H11043_SSSGEO1M_WGS84.TIF: Enhanced Sidescan-Sonar Image of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Survey H11043 off Branford, Connecticut (Geographic)
      Edition: 1.0
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Open-File Report
        Issue_Identification: 2008-1174
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1174/data/sidescan/h11043/h11043.zip
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1174/html/catalog.html
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: K.Y. McMullen
          Originator: L.J. Poppe
          Originator: P.T. Schattgen
          Originator: E.F. Doran
          Publication_Date: 2008
          Title: Enhanced Sidescan-Sonar Imagery, North-Central Long Island Sound
          Edition: 1.0
          Series_Information:
            Series_Name: Open-File Report
            Issue_Identification: 2008-1174
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
          Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1174/
  Description:
    Abstract:
      The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, has produced detailed geologic maps of the sea floor in Long Island Sound. These studies have built upon cooperative research with the State of Connecticut that was initiated in 1982. This research program is currently studying sea-floor sediment distribution, processes that control sediment distribution, nearshore environmental concerns, and the relation of benthic community structures to the sea-floor geology. 

      Detailed maps of the sea floor are needed to aid in interpretation of the sea-floor geology. Therefore, sidescan-sonar data have been collected in areas of interest. Although these mosaics from NOAA surveys H11043, H11044, and H11045 in north-central Long Island Sound have been interpreted in prior reports, we have enhanced these three mosaics in order to minimize tonal artifacts created by the mismatching of backscatter in adjacent track lines. The enhanced mosaics provide a clearer image of the sea-floor geology.
    Purpose: This GIS overlay is a component of the H11043 survey GIS database in north-central Long Island Sound off Branford, Connecticut. This image represents the completed enhanced sidescan-sonar mosaic for the study area. Light tones represent relatively harder returns, higher backscatter, and generally coarser sediments. Dark tones represent relatively softer returns, lower backscatter, and generally finer grained sediments. This mosaic covers 41.1 square km of the sea floor.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 20010411
        Ending_Date: 20011112
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.869912
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.776520
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.237205
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.149660
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
      Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
      Theme_Keyword: USGS
      Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
      Theme_Keyword: NOAA
      Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center
      Theme_Keyword: WHSC
      Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
      Theme_Keyword: CMGP
      Theme_Keyword: NOAA Ship RUDE
      Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF
      Theme_Keyword: sidescan-sonar mosaic
      Theme_Keyword: image
      Theme_Keyword: gray-scale image
      Theme_Keyword: backscatter
      Theme_Keyword: Open-File Report 2008-1174
      Theme_Keyword: OFR 2008-1174
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries
      Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
      Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
      Theme_Keyword: oceans
      Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
      Place_Keyword: North America
      Place_Keyword: United States
      Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
      Place_Keyword: North Atlantic Ocean
      Place_Keyword: northeast United States
      Place_Keyword: Long Island Sound
      Place_Keyword: Connecticut
      Place_Keyword: U.S. East Coast
      Place_Keyword: Branford Reef
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as the originators of this dataset.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Katherine McMullen
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Sediment Lab Technician
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
        City: Woods Hole
        State_or_Province: MA
        Postal_Code: 02543
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2277
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kmcmullen@usgs.gov
  Browse_Graphic:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1174/data/sidescan/h11043/h11043_sssgeo1m_wgs84.gif
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Overview of the enhanced digital sidescan-sonar mosaic of NOAA survey H11043 in geographic
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.4.1420
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: L.J. Poppe
      Originator: V.F. Paskevich
      Originator: M.S. Moser
      Originator: M.L. DiGiacomo-Cohen
      Originator: E.B. Christman
      Publication_Date: 2004
      Title: Sidescan Sonar Imagery and Surficial Geologic Interpretation of the Sea Floor off Branford, Connecticut
      Edition: 1.0
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Open-File Report
        Issue_Identification: 2004-1003
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1003/
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: K.Y. McMullen
      Originator: L.J. Poppe
      Originator: V.F. Paskevich
      Originator: E.F. Doran
      Originator: M.S. Moser
      Originator: E.B. Christman
      Originator: A.L. Beaver
      Publication_Date: 2005
      Title: Surficial Geologic Interpretation and Sidescan Sonar Imagery of the Sea Floor in West-Central Long Island Sound
      Edition: 1.0
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Open-File Report
        Issue_Identification: 2005-1018
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1018/
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: E. Beaulieu
      Originator: L.J. Poppe
      Originator: V.F. Paskevich
      Originator: E.F. Doran
      Originator: B.E. Chauveau
      Originator: J.M. Crocker
      Originator: A.L. Beaver
      Originator: P.T. Schattgen
      Publication_Date: 2005
      Title: Sidescan Sonar Imagery and Surficial Geologic Interpretation of the Sea Floor off Bridgeport, Connecticut
      Edition: 1.0
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Open-File Report
        Issue_Identification: 2005-1162
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
        Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
      Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1162/
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image.
  Completeness_Report: All collected data were processed and used to generate the digital mosaic.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Navigation was by differential GPS; positional accuracy to less than 10 m
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
      Source_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: L.J. Poppe
          Originator: V.F. Paskevich
          Originator: M.S. Moser
          Originator: M.L. DiGiacomo-Cohen
          Originator: E.B. Christman
          Publication_Date: 2004
          Title: Sidescan Sonar Imagery and Surficial Geologic Interpretation of the Sea Floor off Branford, Connecticut
          Edition: 1.0
          Series_Information:
            Series_Name: Open-File Report
            Issue_Identification: 2004-1003
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
            Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
          Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1003/
      Type_of_Source_Media: DVD-ROM
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
        Time_Period_Information:
          Range_of_Dates/Times:
            Beginning_Date: 20010411
            Ending_Date: 20011112
        Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_geo_wgs84_enhan.tif
      Source_Contribution: Original sidescan-sonar image of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) survey H11043.
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: Tonal artifacts were minimized in a previously published sidescan-sonar mosaic. The tonal range of individual sonar lines was adjusted by tracing the perimeter of the line with the Polygon Lasso Tool and then matching tones to the adjacent lines with the shadow, midtone, and highlight input sliders in the Levels dialog box of Adobe Photoshop CS2. The Spot Healing Brush Tool was used in several places to eliminate small artifacts within a sonar line.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_geo_wgs84_enhan.tif
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_geo_wgs84_enhan.tfw
      Process_Date: 2008
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_sssgeo1m_wgs84.tif
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_sssgeo1m_wgs84.tfw
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Katherine McMullen
            Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
          Contact_Position: Sediment Lab Technician
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing and physical address
            Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
            City: Woods Hole
            State_or_Province: MA
            Postal_Code: 02543
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2277
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kmcmullen@usgs.gov
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: The enhanced TIFF image was reunited with its world file and converted back to a GeoTIFF with the program GeoTiffExamine.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_sssgeo1m_wgs84.tif
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_sssgeo1m_wgs84.tfw
      Process_Date: 2008
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_sssgeo1m_wgs84.tif
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Person_Primary:
            Contact_Person: Katherine McMullen
            Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
          Contact_Position: Sediment Lab Technician
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: mailing and physical address
            Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
            City: Woods Hole
            State_or_Province: MA
            Postal_Code: 02543
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 540-8700 x2277
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kmcmullen@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information:
    Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
    Row_Count: 9524
    Column_Count: 8076
    Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Geographic:
      Latitude_Resolution: 0.000012
      Longitude_Resolution: 0.000009
      Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
    Planar:
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000012
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000009
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Lawrence Poppe
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
        City: Woods Hole
        State_or_Province: MA
        Postal_Code: 02543
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2314
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data: 1-m sidescan-sonar image of survey h11043.
  Distribution_Liability: Although this dataset has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: TIFF
        Format_Specification: GeoTIFF
        Format_Information_Content: A zip file containing the GeoTIFF image, world file, and accompanying metadata files
        File_Decompression_Technique: zip archive
        Transfer_Size: 0.000
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1174/data/sidescan/h11043/h11043.zip
              Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1174/html/catalog.html
          Access_Instructions: Data are downloadable via the World Wide Web (WWW).
        Offline_Option:
          Offline_Media: DVD-ROM
          Recording_Capacity:
            Recording_Density: 4.75
            Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes
          Recording_Format: UDF
    Fees: None
  Technical_Prerequisites: This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing, or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image.
  Available_Time_Period:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 2008
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20080723
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Person: Katherine McMullen
      Contact_Position: Sediment Lab Technician
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 384 Woods Hole Road
        City: Woods Hole
        State_or_Province: MA
        Postal_Code: 02543
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2277
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kmcmullen@usgs.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
