Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: John F. Bratton Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Trimmed Processed Continuous Resistivity Point Data from Cape Cod National Seashore, Feb. 28, 2006 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2006-1169 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1169/data/gis/resistivity/mrg2006_trimxyz.zip Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1169/htmldocs/catalog.htm Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Originator: John F. Bratton Originator: John Crusius Originator: John A. Colman Originator: Timothy D. McCobb Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Submarine Hydrogeological Data from Cape Cod National Seashore Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2006-1169 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1169/ Description: Abstract: Continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) surveys were conducted at Cape Cod National Seashore in 2004 and 2006 in order to test hypotheses about groundwater flow under and into estuaries and the Atlantic Ocean. Coastal resource managers here and elsewhere are concerned about nutrients that are entering coastal waters via submarine groundwater discharge, which are contributing to eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. CRP is used to measure electrical resistivity of sediments, a property that is sensitive to differences in salinity of submarine ground water. The 2004 and 2006 surveys used floating resistivity streamers of 100 m and 50 m respectively. The depth penetration of the streamers is approximately 20% of the streamer length which translates to approximately 20-25 m with the 100 m streamer and 12-14 m with the 50 m streamer. These data were processed using AGI's EarthImager 2D software. Purpose: To provide processed resistivity data as a point shapefile. This version has removed all the data points that fall above the sediment/water interface. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20060228 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.973172 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.945350 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.836933 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.820967 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: Continuous Resistivity Profiling Theme_Keyword: CRP Theme_Keyword: ground-water Theme_Keyword: navigation Theme_Keyword: OF 2006-1169 Theme_Keyword: Open-File Report Theme_Keyword: point Theme_Keyword: shapefile Theme_Keyword: submarine ground-water Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHSC field activity serial number 06007 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme_Keyword: location Theme_Keyword: oceans Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Cape Cod Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Salt Pond Place_Keyword: Nauset Marsh Place_Keyword: Cape Cod National Seashore Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: The U.S. Geological Survey must be referenced as the originator of the dataset in any future products or research derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: John F. Bratton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2254 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2210 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbratton@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.780 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: No additional checks for topological consistency other than visual inspection were performed on the data. Completeness_Report: Only those lines with valid resistivity data are represented here. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Contribution: These data were acquired with an AGI SuperSting Marine system that is described at the website: www.agiusa.com/marinesystem.shtml. The particular system used for this acquisition was an 11 electrode array with electrodes spaced 5 meters apart. The potential electrodes are made of graphite, with the remaining electrodes stainless steel. A dipole-dipole configuration was used for the data collection in which two fixed current electrodes are assigned with the measurement of voltage potentials between electrode pairs in the remaining electrodes. Each line of data acquisition records several files. The two files necessary for processing are the *.stg and *.gps file. The STG file contains the resistivity data, while the GPS file contains the navigation information including bathymetry. GPS and bathymetry data acquired with a Lowrance system. Process_Step: Process_Description: The data were transferred from the logging computer via AGISSAdmin software. The data files available for this day are l1*, l2*, l3*, l4*, l5*, l6*, l8*, l9*, l10*, l11*, l12*, l13*, l14*, and l15*. ***Of note, on lines 1 and 2, during acquisition the distance between the cable connection point and the first electrode was entered as 10 meters instead of -10 meters. This can be adjusted when reading the data into Marine Log Manager for linearization. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Emile M. Bergeron Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Electronics Technician Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2337 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2313 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ebergeron@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: $GPRMC lines with the GPS file that had bad time stamps or were otherwise corrupt were deleted. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The resistivity data were merged with the navigation data and linearized using AGI's Marine Log Manager software. (Note that the Marine Log Manager version is different than the software version of the AGISSAdmin software of which it is a part - although shipped together, the software is developed separately). In some instances, only a portion of the line was exported for processing. In particular, turns are removed before processing. (AGISSAdmin version 1.33.182) ***Note. When reading in l1 and l2, the GPS offset needs to be set to 10 to account for an incorrect acquisition parameter indicating the distance between the cable connection point and the first electrode. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: In most cases, nearshore values were very important. For that reason, the whole linearized STG file was selected for export. This applied in the following lines: l1, l2, l4, l5, l6, l9, l11, l12 and l14. The way the Marine Log Manager software works, the first value exported is where at least one of the electrodes has a known navigational fix. But the rest of the streamer electrodes at this position have a negative distance along line. When this export option is chosen, no DEP file is output. In order to create a DEP file, a second export file is needed. This one selects only positive electrode positions for export. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The linearized STG file with negative values is processed with EarthImager version 2.01 in order to determine the most negative position (available from the final XYZ output file). Once this is done, I can create a navigation fix for that negative distance along line. Based on the trackline created from the GPS data, I run an ArcView 3.3 avenue script (extendline.ave) which uses a straight-line tow path assumption of the first 2 points to create an additional point at the negative distance input. Essentially I extend the line at the start of the line. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: With this new point I can modify the DEP file generated by the positive only electrode position export. I add in the negative distance along, as well as all the supplemental information, including the header information describing the latitude and longitude position of the start of line. So now I have a linearized STG file, as well as the accompanying DEP file for those files with negative distances along line. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The DEP file was checked for anomalous bathymetry values, or duplicated distance along values, and those lines in the file were deleted. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: EarthImager software does not require that a default resistivity value for the water column be supplied in the DEP file. If one is not supplied, then it calculates a value based on the first electrode pair. On this survey, an instrument was used periodically to measure water conductivity. This value was converted to appropriate resistivity units and added to the DEP file. A value of 0.2 was used in all the files. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: EarthImager version 2.0.1 was used to process the data files. The *.ini file accompanying the results contains the parameters used during the processing. These parameters include: minimum voltage: 0.02; minimum abs(V/I): 2E-5; max repeat error: 3%; min apparent res: 0.03; max apparent res: 1000; max reciprocal error: 5%; remove spikes, smooth model inversion; finite element method; Cholesky decomposition; Dirichlet boundary condition; thickness incremental factor: 1.1; depth factor: 1.1; number of iterations: 8; stop criteria: max RMS 3%; error reduction 6%; L2Norm; CRP processing using a 60% overlap. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The results of the processing are JPEG images of the resistivity profile (a short and extended version); an XYZ file containing the distance along, depth, apparent resistivity (ohm-m); an LLT file which contains longitude, latitude, depth, and resistivity value; a UTM file which contains easting, northing, depth, resistivity value. The JPEG files produced uses a color scale that is based on the data from that particular file. This particular version of EarthImager defaults to using the latitude and longitude values along the x-axis to mark electrode positions. Another pair of long and short JPEG images was exported which use the distance along values for the electrode positions on the X-axis. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The XYZ output file was then loaded into Matlab, along with the depth information, to create a new JPEG image with the same color scale for all the data files. In this manner, the JPEG images can be compared directly. Care was taken to try to get the vertical and horizontal scales uniform as well, although this was not always possible due to Matlab limitations. These images reside in the "matlabimages" folder. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The XYZ output file was also loaded into Matlab with the DEP file so that those resistivity values in the water column could be removed. The extrapolated value at the sediment water interface was exported, as well as all the values in the original XYZ file below the DEP line. These new XYZ files are in the folder "trimxyz". Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: An avenue script (createatdistance.ave) was used in ArcView 3.3 to read the trimmed XYZ files, and based on the distance along value, extract the geographic X and Y position based on the polyline trackline. The result is a point shapefile containing each line of information in the XYZ file. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Each individual trimmed XYZ shapefile was merged into a single point shapefile. Process_Date: 2006 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 177422 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000000 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000000 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: mrg2006_trimxyz Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: ID Attribute_Definition: Software generated identification number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Software. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 28545 Attribute: Attribute_Label: DIST Attribute_Definition: Distance along line (in meters) that the point occurs. A negative value indicates the beginning of the line was extended to recoup the beginning portion of the line before the streamer passed the initial GPS position. Attribute_Definition_Source: Processing software calculated. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -34.7 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2643 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE Attribute_Definition: Longitude position of the data point. Attribute_Definition_Source: Software calculated. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -69.973172 Range_Domain_Maximum: -69.94535 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: LATITUDE Attribute_Definition: Latitude position of the data point. Attribute_Definition_Source: Software calculated. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 41.820967 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.836838 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: UTMX Attribute_Definition: UTM easting, based on UTM Zone 19 NAD83, position of the data point. Attribute_Definition_Source: Software calculated. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 419195.9 Range_Domain_Maximum: 421498.3 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: UTMY Attribute_Definition: UTM northing, baseed on UTM Zone 19 NAD83, position of the data point. Attribute_Definition_Source: Software calculated. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 4630342.8 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4632116.6 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: DEPTH Attribute_Definition: Depth from water surface (in meters) where the data point occurs. (Negative value indicates below the water surface.) Attribute_Definition_Source: Processing software generated. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -14.2 Range_Domain_Maximum: -0.2 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: RESVALUE Attribute_Definition: Resistivity value of the data point. Attribute_Definition_Source: Processing software calculated. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.112461 Range_Domain_Maximum: 167.825 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: ohm-meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: LINE Attribute_Definition: Resistivity trackline along which the data point is from. Attribute_Definition_Source: Data processor. Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: character set Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: John F. Bratton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2254 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbratton@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: SHP File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 4.738 Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from ESRI at www.esri.com. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20080225 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile