Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: John F. Bratton Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Processed Continuous Resistivity Profiles from Cape Cod National Seashore, May 17, 2004 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2006-1169 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1169/data/res_data/2004/proc_resis/may17_proc.zip Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1169/htmldocs/catalog.htm Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross Originator: John F. Bratton Originator: John Crusius Originator: John A. Colman Originator: Timothy D. McCobb Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Submarine Hydrogeological Data from Cape Cod National Seashore Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2006-1169 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1169/ Description: Abstract: Continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) surveys were conducted at Cape Cod National Seashore in 2004 and 2006 in order to test hypotheses about groundwater flow under and into estuaries and the Atlantic Ocean. Coastal resource managers here and elsewhere are concerned about nutrients that are entering coastal waters via submarine groundwater discharge, which are contributing to eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. CRP is used to measure electrical resistivity of sediments, a property that is sensitive to differences in salinity of submarine ground water. The 2004 and 2006 surveys used floating resistivity streamers of 100 m and 50 m respectively. The depth penetration of the streamers is approximately 20% of the streamer length which translates to approximately 20-25 m with the 100 m streamer and 12-14 m with the 50 m streamer. These data were processed using AGI's EarthImager 2D software. Purpose: To provide resistivity data as collected by the AGI SuperSting system and processed with EarthImager software. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20040517 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.972617 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.932583 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.836283 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.805483 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: Continuous Resistivity Profiling Theme_Keyword: CRP Theme_Keyword: ground-water Theme_Keyword: OF 2006-1169 Theme_Keyword: Open-File Report Theme_Keyword: submarine ground-water Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHSC field activity serial number 04014 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme_Keyword: location Theme_Keyword: oceans Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Cape Cod Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Salt Pond Place_Keyword: Nauset Marsh Place_Keyword: Cape Cod National Seashore Access_Constraints: None. Use_Constraints: The U.S. Geological Survey must be referenced as the originator of the dataset in any future products or research derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: John F. Bratton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2254 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2210 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbratton@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.780 Data_Quality_Information: Completeness_Report: Only those lines with valid resistivity data are represented here. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Contribution: These data were acquired with an AGI SuperSting Marine system that is described at the website: www.agiusa.com/marinesystem.shtml. The particular system used for this acquisition was an 11 stainless steel electrode array with electrodes spaced 10 meters apart. A dipole-dipole configuration was used for the data collection in which two fixed current electrodes are assigned with the measurement of voltage potentials between electrode pairs in the remaining electrodes. Each line of data acquisition records several files. The two files necessary for processing are the *.stg and *.gps file. The STG file contains the resistivity data, while the GPS file contains the navigation information. Bathymetry point data was collected with a separate system and logged as text files. Process_Step: Process_Description: The data were transferred from the logging computer via AGISSAdmin software. The data files available for this day are inlet1*, nauset2*, saltp1*. Process_Date: 2004 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: John F. Bratton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2254 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbratton@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The bathymetry text files needed to be merged with the GPS navigation files. The logging of the navigation files started at the same time as the logging of the resistivity files. Although the bathymetry data contains no time stamps, the assumption was made that the time span was the same as the navigation file. The bathymetry data was acquired in feet at a faster rate than the navigation data. An awk script was written to convert the bathymetry data to meters, pull the appropriate bathymetry point to match up with the navigation point, and output the format as SDDBT (the format that EarthImager expects). The points to pull was based on the assumption that the time span of navigation and bathymetry was the same, so took the total number of bathymetry points and divided it by the number of navigational fixes, and pulled the bathymetry point at that increment. Another awk script was written to merge the navigation data and bathymetry data into a single file. Process_Date: 2004 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: $GPRMC lines with the GPS file that had bad time stamps or were otherwise corrupt were deleted. Process_Date: 2004 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The resistivity data were merged with the navigation data and linearized using AGI's Marine Log Manager software. (Note that the Marine Log Manager version is different than the software version of the AGISSAdmin software of which it is a part - although shipped together, the software is developed separately). In some instances, only a portion of the line was exported for processing. In particular, turns are removed before processing. Process_Date: 2004 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The file was then exported to a new STG file, and accompanying DEP file. The DEP file contains the distance along line and bathymetry values. Process_Date: 2004 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The DEP file was checked for anomalous bathymetry values, or duplicated distance along values, and those lines in the file were deleted. Process_Date: 2004 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: EarthImager software does not require that a default resistivity value for the water column be supplied in the DEP file. If one is not supplied, then it calculates a value based on the first electrode pair. No instrument was available to measure the water resistivity, so this value was left blank. Process_Date: 2004 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: EarthImager version 1.7.8 was used to process the data files. The *.ini file accompanying the results contains the parameters used during the processing. These parameters include: minimum voltage: 0.02; minimum abs(V/I): 2E-5; max repeat error: 3%; min apparent res: 0.03; max apparent res: 1000; max reciprocal error: 5%; remove spikes, robust model inversion; finite difference method; Cholesky decomposition; Dirichlet boundary condition; thickness incremental factor: 1.1; depth factor: 1.1; number of iterations: 8; stop criteria: max RMS 3%; error reduction 6%; L2Norm; CRP processing using a 65% overlap Process_Date: 2004 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The results of the processing are JPEG images of the resistivity profile (a short and extended version), and an XYZ file containing the distance along, depth, apparent resistivity (ohm-m). The JPEG files produced use a color scale that is based on the data from that particular file. Process_Date: 2004 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The XYZ output file was then loaded into Matlab, along with the depth information, to create a new JPEG image with the same color scale for all the data files. In this manner, the JPEG images can be compared directly. Care was taken to try to get the vertical and horizontal scales uniform as well, although this was not always possible due to Matlab limitations. These images reside in the "matlabimages" folder. Process_Date: 2004 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The XYZ output file was also loaded into Matlab with the DEP file so that those resistivity values in the water column could be removed. The extrapolated value at the sediment water interface was exported, as well as all the values in the original XYZ file below the DEP line. These new XYZ files are in the folder "trimxyz". Process_Date: 2004 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: John F. Bratton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2254 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbratton@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: AGI File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 4.877 Fees: None. Technical_Prerequisites: These data are available in a format compatible with AGI Geosciences EarthImager software, as well as summary images in JPEG format. The user must have software capable of reading the AGI format, or software capable of viewing JPEG images. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20080225 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Marine Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile