Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the beach and nearshore in Santa Cruz, California

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Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Alexander G. Snyder
Originator: Andrew W. Stevens
Originator: Joshua B. Logan
Originator: Daniel J. Hoover
Originator: Patrick L. Barnard
Publication_Date: 20241219
Title:

Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the beach and nearshore in Santa Cruz, California

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF
Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P134BC6W

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:

Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, California

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: Snyder, A.G., Stevens, A.W., Logan, J.B., Hoover, D.J., and Barnard, P.L., 2024, Digital elevation models (DEMs) of the beach and nearshore in Santa Cruz, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P134BC6W.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P134BC6W

Description:

Abstract:

Digital elevation models (DEMs) were produced from bathymetric and topographic measurements collected offshore of Santa Cruz, CA, from 2014 to 2024. Bathymetric data were collected using personal watercraft (PWCs) equipped with single-beam echosounders and dual frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. Topographic data were collected on foot with GNSS receivers mounted on backpacks. Bathymetric and topographic data were collected primarily along a series of cross-shore transects at 50-m intervals along the coast. Continuous surfaces were produced from all available elevation data using linear interpolation with a resolution of 2 m.

Purpose:

Topography and bathymetry data were collected to document the response in coastal morphology to changes in wave climate and fluvial discharge as they relate to episodic (storms), seasonal, interannual, and longer (for example, El Niño) processes. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software to identify topographic and shallow-water bathymetric features.

Supplemental_Information:

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Multiple_Dates/Times:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20141020

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20150316

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20150928

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20160321

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20160914

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20170307

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20170917

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20180302

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20181009

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20190305

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20191017

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20200309

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20200928

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20210225

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20210920

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20220314

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20221014

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20230320

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20230911

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20240308

Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.025848
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -121.992327
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.965868
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.951706

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:27549abc-2617-4279-ba84-58e4832d625d

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: elevation

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry and Elevation

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: bathymetry measurement
Theme_Keyword: topography
Theme_Keyword: GPS measurement
Theme_Keyword: digital elevation models

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: single-beam echo sounder
Theme_Keyword: topographic mapping
Theme_Keyword: Global Positioning System (GPS) observations
Theme_Keyword: coastal sediment budget

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: PCMSC

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean
Place_Keyword: Monterey Bay
Place_Keyword: Monterey County
Place_Keyword: Santa Cruz County

Access_Constraints: No access constraints
Use_Constraints:

USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator(s) of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name: AllGridsTSP_3_5m_241112.png
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:

Maps of each digital elevation model included in this data release, with the -3.5 m (NAVD88) contour displayed to illustrate some of the change in bathymetry.

Browse_Graphic_File_Type: png

Native_Data_Set_Environment: Matlab Version: 24.1.0.2568132 (R2024a)
Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Amy E. East
Originator: Andrew W. Stevens
Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie
Originator: Patrick L. Barnard
Originator: Pamela Campbell-Swarzenski
Originator: Brian D. Collins
Originator: Christopher H. Conaway
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:

A regime shift in sediment export from a coastal watershed during a record wet winter, California: Implications for landscape response to hydroclimatic extremes

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4415

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
Publication_Date: 2008
Title: IHO Standards for Hydrographic surveys (5th ed.)
Online_Linkage:

https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-44/S-44_Edition_6.1.0.pdf

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.

Logical_Consistency_Report: All data falls within expected ranges.
Completeness_Report:

Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Digital elevation models (DEMs) were created by interpolating between elevation measurements as much as 100 meters apart, for this reason we cannot evaluate the accuracy of each point in a DEM, only the original data from which it is generated. Manufacturer-reported accuracy for the differentially corrected horizontal positions for the GNSS receivers used to collect the topographic and bathymetric measurements is 0.8 cm + 0.5 ppm. Baselines from the GNSS base station were typically less than 5 km, suggesting a horizontal accuracy of survey-vessel positions to be 0.825 cm relative to the base station. The combined horizontal uncertainty from the base station coordinate solutions and rover trajectories is between 1.5 cm and 7 cm, with a mean horizontal uncertainty of 3 cm. Uncertainty in the horizontal positions associated with pitch and roll of the survey vessels and variable surveyor posture during the backpack surveys is unknown.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Digital elevation models (DEMs) were created by interpolating between elevation measurements as much as 200 meters apart, for this reason we cannot evaluate the accuracy of each point in a DEM, only the original data from which it is generated. An average estimated vertical accuracy of 3 cm for the topographic GNSS backpack was estimated by using the manufacturer reported vertical accuracy of 1.5 cm + 1 ppm for differentially corrected kinematic data. Uncertainty in the bathymetry data is related to the precision of the GNSS positioning and single-beam echosounders as well as unmeasured variability in the speed of sound used to compute depths from bathymetric soundings. Based on analysis of available speed of sound measurements, we estimate uncertainties in the final depth soundings to be no greater than 1 percent of the water depth. The total vertical uncertainty of the bathymetry data is calculated using the constant- and depth-dependent factors summed in quadrature (International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), 2008). The average vertical uncertainty in bathymetry data is estimated to be 9 cm.

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Bathymetric data were collected using single-beam sonar systems and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers mounted on personal watercraft (PWC). The sonar systems consisted of an Odom Echotrac CV-100 or CEE Hydrosystems CeeScope single-beam echosounder and 200 kHz transducer with a 9-degree beam angle. Depths from the echosounders were computed using sound velocity profiles measured using a YSI CastAway CTD during the survey. Positioning of the survey vessels was determined at 10 Hz using survey-grade GNSS receivers. Output from the GNSS receivers and sonar systems were combined in real time on the PWC by a computer running HYPACK hydrographic survey software. Navigation information was displayed on a video monitor, allowing PWC operators to navigate along survey lines at speeds of 2 to 3 m/s.

Process_Date: 20240308

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Topographic profiles were collected on foot with GNSS receivers mounted on backpacks. Prior to data collection, vertical distances between the GNSS antennas and the ground were measured using a tape measure. Hand-held data collectors were used to log raw data and display navigational information allowing surveyors to navigate cross-shore survey lines spaced at 50- to 100-m intervals along the beach. Profiles were surveyed from the landward edge of the study area (either the base of a bluff, engineering structure, or just landward of the primary dune) over the beach foreshore, to wading depth on the same series of transects as nearshore bathymetric surveys that were conducted during the same time period.

Process_Date: 20240308

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Positions of the survey platforms were post-processed using a single-base station and differential post-processing. Positioning data from the GNSS receivers on the PWCs were post-processed using Waypoint Grafnav to apply differential corrections from a GNSS base station with known horizontal and vertical coordinates relative to the North American Datum of 1983. Orthometric elevations relative to the NAVD88 vertical datum were computed using National Geodetic Survey GEOID12A offsets. Bathymetric data were merged with post-processed positioning data and spurious soundings were removed using a custom Graphical User Interface (GUI) programmed with the computer program MATLAB. The final point data from the PWCs are projected in Cartesian coordinates using the UTM Zone 10 North, meters coordinate system.

Process_Date: 20240610

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Topographic survey data from the backpack mounted GNSS receivers that were collected in autonomous mode were post-processed to apply differential corrections from a GNSS base station with known horizontal and vertical coordinates relative to the North American Datum of 1983. Post-processing of raw GNSS data was performed with Trimble Business Center. Orthometric elevations relative to the NAVD88 vertical datum were computed using National Geodetic Survey GEOID12A offsets. The final point data from the topographic surveyors are also projected in Cartesian coordinates using the UTM Zone 10 North, meters coordinate system.

Process_Date: 20240610

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Comparisons were performed to ensure internal consistency between the survey platforms. DEMs were produced by linear interpolation of all available elevation point data with the computer program MATLAB. The DEM generation methods are described in more detail in East and other, 2018. Data were exported in GeoTIFF raster format for distribution.

Process_Date: 20240908

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 770
Column_Count: 1484

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

UTM_Zone_Number: 10
Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 2
Ordinate_Resolution: 2

Planar_Distance_Units: Meter

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_North_American_1983
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101

Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Altitude_System_Definition:

Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
Altitude_Resolution: 0.01
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Altitude_Encoding_Method:

Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Attribute Table
Entity_Type_Definition:

Table containing attribute information associated with the dataset

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Elevation (NAVD88 GEOID12A)
Attribute_Definition:

Elevation relative to the North American vertical datum of 1988 (NAVD88 GEOID12A)

Attribute_Definition_Source: Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -10.53
Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.71
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

The DEM is presented as a 32-bit floating point GeoTIFF where pixels represent elevation in meters relative to NAVD88 and the no-data value is -9999. The horizontal projection is NAD83(2011) UTM Zone 10N.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Resource_Description:

DEM grids are available in GeoTIFF format with names that specifies the survey area (Santa Cruz), year, month, and grid size (‘SCYY_MMM_2m.tiff’). For example, a DEM generated from survey data collected in March 2024 with a 2-meter grid size, would be named ‘SC24_Mar_2m.tiff’. The file size of each individual GeoTIFF file is 4.47 MB. FGDC-compliant metadata file is also included.

Distribution_Liability:

Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: GeoTIFF
Format_Version_Number: Matlab Version: 24.1.0.2568132 (R2024a)
Format_Information_Content:

Each GeoTIFF file contains a 2-meter resolution digital elevation model of the beach and nearshore adjacent to Santa Cruz, CA.

File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied.
Transfer_Size: 88

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P134BC6W

Access_Instructions:

Data and metadata can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link and scrolling down to the Location-Elevation Data section.

Fees: None.

Technical_Prerequisites:

These data can be viewed with any geographic information software.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20241219
Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/CMGDS_DR_tool/DR_P134BC6W/SC_2m_metadata.html>