Super-Fast INundation of CoastS (SFINCS) model input files at King County, Washington

Metadata also available as - [Questions & Answers] - [Parseable text] - [XML]

Metadata:

Identification_Information
Data_Quality_Information
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
Spatial_Reference_Information
Entity_and_Attribute_Information
Distribution_Information
Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Kai A. Parker
Originator: Kees Nederhoff
Originator: Li H. Erikson
Originator: Anita C. Engelstad
Originator: Maya K. Hayden
Originator: Patrick L. Barnard
Originator: Eric E. Grossman
Publication_Date: 20251126
Title:

Super-Fast INundation of CoastS (SFINCS) model input files at King County, Washington

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: text, binary, and netcdf
Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P13HYXKY

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, CA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13HYXKY
Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

CoSMoS-Puget Sound Modeled Flood Hazards at King County - Washington

Series_Information:

Series_Name: data release
Issue_Identification: DOI: 10.5066/P13HYXKY

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, CA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Suggested Citation: Parker, K., Nederhoff, K., Erikson L.H., Engelstad, A.C., Hayden, M.K., Barnard, P.L., and Grossman, E.E., 2025, CoSMoS-Puget Sound Modeled Flood Hazards at King County - Washington: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13HYXKY.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13HYXKY

Description:

Abstract:

The datasets provided here consist of SFINCS model files and sample input files used for Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) simulations of flood hazards in King County, Washington. The models produce outputs for a suite of hazard products (see products in this release), such as flood depths, flood extents, and others. In this release, example forcing files for a single water year and a sea level rise of 0.0 m are provided, in addition to all other files needed to run the model.

Purpose:

This product was created to fulfill the Bureau-wide vision of an integrated, predictive science capability to support Washington communities in building resiliency from natural disasters, sovereignty and self-determination, and emergency response and planning capacity. These data are intended for policy makers, resource managers, science researchers, technical users, students, and the general public. These data are not intended to be used for navigation.

Supplemental_Information:

This work is one portion of ongoing national modeling efforts. The Coastal Storm Modeling system (CoSMoS) uses several tiers of numerical models to make detailed predictions (meter-scale) of flooding and erosion over large geographic scales. For more information on CoSMoS implementation, see https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc/science/coastal-storm-modeling-system-cosmos

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2025

Currentness_Reference: publication year

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.583625
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.025100
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.819405
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.206513

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
Theme_Keyword: USGS:55db94ae-6970-4e52-8445-c1415776a781

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning
Theme_Keyword: Physical Habitats and Geomorphology

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD)
Theme_Keyword: Hazards Planning
Theme_Keyword: Ocean Waves
Theme_Keyword: Ocean Winds
Theme_Keyword: Beaches
Theme_Keyword: Sea Level Rise
Theme_Keyword: Storm Surge
Theme_Keyword: Extreme Weather
Theme_Keyword: Water Depth

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Climate Change
Theme_Keyword: Storms
Theme_Keyword: Wind
Theme_Keyword: Floods
Theme_Keyword: Sea-level Change
Theme_Keyword: mathematical modeling
Theme_Keyword: effects of climate change
Theme_Keyword: earth sciences

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: Oceans
Theme_Keyword: ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords
Theme_Keyword: sea level change
Theme_Keyword: waves

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: PCMSC

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: State of Washington
Place_Keyword: King County

Access_Constraints: No access constraints
Use_Constraints:

USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain from the U.S. Government and are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. Please recognize and acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset and in products derived from these data. This information is not intended for navigation purposes.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Data_Set_Credit:

This work was funded by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, King County Department of Natural Resources under Statement of Work 21ZPCOLL210705, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under Statement of Work DW-014-92578201/ EPA-CF-0000007695 to the USGS. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Computation resources were supported by the USGS Advanced Research Computing (Falgout and others, 2024).

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

The datasets were created in a Windows 11 Operating system, using python 3.12.9.

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Deltares
Publication_Date: 2025
Title: SFINCS online manual documentation.
Other_Citation_Details:

Deltares, 2025, SFINCS online manual documentation, Available online: sfincs.readthedocs.io (accessed 02 March 2025)

Online_Linkage: https://sfincs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: J.T. Falgout
Originator: J. Gordon
Originator: B. Williams
Originator: M.J. Davis
Publication_Date: 2024
Title: USGS Advanced Research Computing, USGS Denali Supercomputer.
Other_Citation_Details:

Falgout, J.T., Gordon J., Williams B., Davis M. J., USGS Advanced Research Computing, USGS Denali Supercomputer: U.S. Geological Survey, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PSW367

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PSW367

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Kees Nederhoff
Originator: Kai Parker
Originator: Eric E. Grossman
Publication_Date: 2025
Title:

Beyond the 100-Year Flood: Probabilistic Flood Hazard Assessment for King and Pierce Counties under Future Climate Scenarios

Other_Citation_Details:

Nederhoff, K., Parker, K., and Grossman, E., 2025, Beyond the 100-Year Flood: Probabilistic Flood Hazard Assessment for King and Pierce Counties under Future Climate Scenarios: EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4909.

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4909

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Attribute values are model-derived water depths due to plausible sea-level rise and future storm conditions and therefore cannot be validated against observations. The projections were generated using the latest downscaled climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6).

Logical_Consistency_Report: Data have undergone quality checks and meet standards.
Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented.
Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Data are concurrent with topobathymetric digital elevation model (DEM) locations.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Model-derived data are accurate within published uncertainty bounds, indicative of total uncertainty from elevation data sources and model processes. See Nederhoff and others, 2025 for additional information on vertical accuracy and uncertainty layer development.

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: D.J. Tyler
Originator: Jeff J. Danielson
Originator: Eric E. Grossman
Originator: R.J. Hockenberry
Publication_Date: 2020
Title: Topobathymetric Model of Puget Sound, Washington, 1887 to 2017
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P95N6CIT

Type_of_Source_Media: online database
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2020

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: TBDEM
Source_Contribution: Topobathymetric digital elevation model

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2016
Title: National Water Information System data
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: text
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN

Type_of_Source_Media: online database
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2016

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS streamflow
Source_Contribution: USGS streamflow used to correct TBDEM elevations

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Publication_Date: 2025
Title: Seattle, WA - Station ID: 9447130
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Online_Linkage: https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/stationhome.html?id=9447130
Online_Linkage: https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/

Type_of_Source_Media: online database
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1995
Ending_Date: 2025

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition at time data were collected

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: tide gauge
Source_Contribution: tide gauge data used to calibrate and validate the model

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Publication_Date: 2025
Title: FEMA Flood Map Service Center
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Online_Linkage: https://msc.fema.gov/portal/home

Type_of_Source_Media: online database
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2020

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: FEMA FIRM
Source_Contribution:

All FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) panel tiles in King County, Washington, were used to compare previous modeled water levels with the SFINCS model.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: D. Eilander
Originator: R. de Goede
Originator: T. Leijnse
Originator: M. van Ormondt
Originator: K. Nederhoff
Originator: H. C. Winsemius
Publication_Date: 2025
Title: HydroMT-SFINCS (v1.2.0)
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Deltares

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15270197

Type_of_Source_Media: software
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2025

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: HydroMT-SFINCS
Source_Contribution: model software files

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Maarten van Ormondt
Originator: Tim Leijnse
Originator: Kees Nederhoff
Originator: Roel de Goede
Originator: Ap van Dongeren
Originator: Tycho Bovenschen
Originator: Koen van Asselt
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:

SFINCS: Super-Fast Inundation of CoastS model (v1.2.1 – Dollerup Release)

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: online
Publisher: Deltares

Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13691619

Type_of_Source_Media: software
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2024

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SFINCS
Source_Contribution: model software files

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

A SFINCS model was developed for the full extent of King County. Developed files include model domain (sfincs.inp, sfincs.msk, sfincs.dep, sfincs.ind, sfincs.qinf, sfincs_subgrid.nc), settings (sfincs.inp), forcing (sfincs.dis, sfincs.precip, sfincs.src, sfincs_bndbzs.nc), and subgrid structure files (sfincs.weir). See Deltares SFINCS manual (2025) for a full description of each of these model files. The model was set up in a projected coordinate system (Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zone 10 N) and elevations are referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). Bed level data files (sfincs.dep) and subgrid tables (sfincs_subgrid.nc) were populated by interpolating TBDEM elevations to the cartesian model grid. The model grid was setup with a 50 meter (m) computational grid resolution with 2m subgridding. In regions of unresolved river bathymetry, TBDEM elevations were corrected with a channel depth inverted iteratively from USGS streamflow stage data. Additionally, levees and other blocking features were implemented as subgrid structures (sfincs.weir) to ensure that maximum elevations were accurately represented in the simulations. Model files were developed using HydroMT-SFINCS and SFINCS model 2.2.1. Model setup was calibrated and validated against NOAA tide gauge data, USGS streamflow data, and compared to previous modeled water levels (such as FEMA FIRM maps) and qualitative flood extents from recent events. For a full description of the model setup, see Nederhoff and others, 2025. Simulation were setup as 100 separate year-long simulations, of which one example simulation year is bundled here.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: TBDEM
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: HydroMT-SFINCS
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS streamflow
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: tide gauge
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: FEMA FIRM
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: SFINCS
Process_Date: 20250101

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type: Pixel

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

UTM_Zone_Number: 10
Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00000
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.00

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 2
Ordinate_Resolution: 2

Planar_Distance_Units: Meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.00
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101

Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Depth_System_Definition:

Depth_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
Depth_Resolution: 0.01
Depth_Distance_Units: meters
Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: SFINCS example model inputs (SFINCS_ModelInput_King.zip)
Entity_Type_Definition:

One zip file with sample time-series forcing data and all necessary input files.

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Producer defined

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

Model setup files include all files necessary to run SFINCS model simulations. To provide the user with an example, the boundary conditions for a single simulation water year are included here. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - CMGDS

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Resource_Description:

These data are available as text and binary files contained in a zip file accompanied by CSDGM FGDC-compliant metadata.

Distribution_Liability:

Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: text,binary, and netcdf
Format_Information_Content:

Zip file (SFINCS_ModelInput_King.zip) contains 12 model input files for the SFINCS model

File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip
Transfer_Size: 649.4

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.5066/P13HYXKY

Access_Instructions:

Data can be downloaded using the Network_Resource_Name link then scrolling down to the Simulation Data section.

Fees: None.

Technical_Prerequisites:

text data can be viewed with any text reading software and binaries can be read using SFINCS model tools (such as HydroMT-SFINCS)

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20251126
Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Contact_Person: PCMSC Science Data Coordinator

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 2885 Mission Street
City: Santa Cruz
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4747
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pcmsc_data@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

This page is <https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/catalog/pcmsc/DataReleases/CMGDS_DR_tool/DR_P13HYXKY/SFINCS_ModelInput_King_metadata.html>